This document discusses networking concepts and components. It defines a network as a group of connected computers that allows sharing of resources between users. The main types of networks are public networks like the Internet and private networks like intranets. Key network components include clients, servers, cables, network interface cards, hubs and switches. Different types of networks include PAN, LAN, CAN, MAN and WAN. Network protocols like IP, TCP and HTTP are sets of rules for transmitting data between computers.

1. VI CLASS
CHAPTER---->5
NETWORKING CONCEPTS

2.  WHAT IS NETWORK
 BENEFITS OF NETWORK
 NETWORK COMPONENTS
 TYPES OF NETWORK
 WHAT IS PROTOCOL

3.  A NETWORK IS A GROUP OF
COMPUTERS CONNECTED EACH OTHER.
 THE NETWORK ALLOWS US TO
SHARE THE RESOURCES WITH
DIFFERENT USERS ON DIFFERENT
COMPUTERS.
 N/W ARE TWO TYPES :
A) PUBLIC N/W----->INTERNET
B) PRIVATE N/W------>INTRANET

4.  COMMUNICATION :
EASY TO COMMUNICATE WHEN WE ARE IN
DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES.
 SHARE RESOURCES (H/W & S/W):
WE CAN SHARE OUR FILES.
 COST EFFECTIVE :
THE N/W SAVES THE COST OF PURCHASING
RESOURCES TO ALL COMPUTERS.
 INTERNET SHARING, RELIABILITY

5.  CLIENT : ALSO CALLED AS WORKSTATION. IT USED TO ACCESS
SERVER RESOURCES.
 SERVER : PROVIDES SERVICES TO CLIENTS.
 NETWORK CABLE : CABLES ARE KNOWN AS WIRES WHICH IS
USED TO CONNECT COMPUTERS.
 TWISTED PAIR CABLES : USED TO CONNECT TELEPHONE
LINES.

6.  NETWORK INTERFACE CARD(NIC) :
A NETWORK INTERFACE CARD IS A COMPUTER
HARDWARE COMPONENT CONNECTS COMPUTER
TO NETWORK.
 HUB : USED TO CONNECT MULTIPLE NODES, SEND &
RECEIVE DATA FROM ALL THE NODES.

7.  SWITCH :
IT IS USED TO CONNECT & RECEIVES DATA FROM
MULTIPLE NODES, SENDS DATA TO REQUIRED
NODES.

10.  PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)
 LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
 CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)
 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
 WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

11.  PAN :
USED TO CONNECT VARIOUS DEVICES(PRINTER,FAX).
 LAN :
TWO OR MORE COMPUTERS CONNECTED TOGETHER.
EX: SCHOOL, COLLEGE.
 CAN :
IT IS MADEUP OF TWO OR MORE LAN’S.
 MAN :
USED TO CONNECT WITHIN THE COMPANIES, CITIES.
 WAN :
IT IS A LARGE COMPUTER N/W MADEUP OF TWO OR
MORE LAN’S.

12.  PROTOCOL :
A SET OF RULES OR DATA TRANSMISSSION B/W TWO
COMPUTERS.
EX : IP, TCP, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS.
 IP : EACH COMPUTER HAS ONE UNIQUE ADDRESS.
WHEN A DATA IS SENT/RECEIVE IT GETS DIVIDED INTO
PACKETS.
THIS PKT CONTAIN SENDER/RECEIVER IP ADDRESS.
 TCP : ESTABLISH CONNECTION AND EXCHANGE DATA

13.  FTP : USED TO TRANSFER FILES FROM ONE COMPUTER
TO ANOTHER.
 HTTP : IT IS USED TO DISPLAY THE WEBPAGES
REQUESTED BY THE USER.
 HTTPS : SIMILAR TO HTTP, BUT MAINTAIN USER’S DATA
IN A SECURED MANNER.

14.  INTERNET ADDRESSING SCHEME :
 EVERY COMPUTER HAS A UNIQUE IP ADDRESS.
 DNS :
AN INTERNET SERVICE THAT TRANSLATES
ALPHABETS INTO IP ADDRESS
 HOST NAME :
HOST NAME IS ALSO CALLED AS DOMAIN NAME.