About C-Language basics information

1. PROGRAMMING WITH C
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3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:
 BASIC
 COBOL
 PYTHON
 FORTRAN
 LISP
 PASCAL
 ADA
 PERL
 RUBY
 PROLOG
SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING PURPOSE
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4. ANSI----->AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE
 ALGOL-60
 CPL
 BCPL----> MARTIN RICHARDS
 B---> KEN THOMPSON
 C LANGUAGE
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5. INTRODUCTION TO C
C LANGUAGE WAS DESIGNED BY “DENNIS
RITCHIE IN 1972 at AT & T BELL LABORATORIES
 C IS A STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
 IT IS USED TO DESIGN DIFFERENT
APPLICATIONS
 C ++ IS AN EXTENSION OF C LANGUAGE
 C ++ WAS DESIGNED BY “BJARNE
STROUSTRUP” IN 1980
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6. DENNIS RITCHIE BJARNE STROUSTRUP
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7. TOKENS: INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF A PROGRAM
 SIX TYPES OF TOKENS
 IDENTIFIERS
 KEYWORDS
 CONSTANTS
 OPERATORS
 SPECIAL CHARACTERS
STRINGS
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8.  IDENTIFIERS:
 ELEMENT IN A C PROGRAM IS GIVEN A NAME
CALLED AN IDENTIFIER.
 RULES OF IDENTIFIER:
 IT SHOULD CONTAIN ALPHABETS: a-z and A-Z
 NUMBERS 0 TO 9
 UNDERSCORE ( _ )
 STARTING CHARACTER OF AN IDENTIFIER
SHOULD BE ALWAYS ALPHABET
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9.  KEYWORDS:
KEYWORDS ARE RESERVED WORDS USED IN A
PROGRAM THAT HAVE SPECIAL MEANING
ALREADY DEFINE TO COMPILER
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auto double int struct const float short unsigned
break else long switch continue for signed void
case enum register typedef default goto sizeof volatile
char extern return union do if static while

10.  CONSTANT: THE VALUE IS FIXED AND
CANNOT BE CHANGED DURING PROGRAM
EXECUTION
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11.  OPERATORS: A SYMBOL THAT GIVES AN
INSTRUCTION TO PERFORM DIFFERENT TYPES
OF OPERATIONS
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TYPES OF OPERATOR SYMBOLS EXAMPLE
ARITHMETIC OPERATOR +,-,*,/,% A+B
RELATIONAL OPERATOR >,<,>=,<=,==,!= A>B
LOGICAL &&,||,!= A && B
INCREMENT &
DECREMENT
++ AND-- A++
A--
ASSIGNMENT = A=A+B
BITWISE &,|,^,>>,<<,~ A>>B
COMMA OPERATOR , A,B
CONDITIONAL ?: A?B

12.  SPECIAL CHARACTERS: ALL THE CHARACTERS
OTHER THAN a to z A TO Z AND O to 9 ARE
SPECIAL CHARACTERS
 STRING: A STRING IS A GROUP OF
CHARACTERS ENCLOSED IN DOUBLE QUOTES
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TYPES CHARACTER SET
LOWER CASE a-z
UPPER CASE A-Z
DIGITS 0 TO 9
SPECIAL CHARACTERS !,@,#,$%,^,&,*

13. DATA TYPE: A DATA TYPE DEFINES
WHICH TYPE OF DATA CAN BE STORED
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14. FORMAT SPECIFIER: A WAY TO TELL COMPILER WHAT
TYPE OF DATA IS GIVEN DURING INPUT OR OUTPUT
DATA TYPE FORMAT SPECIFIER TYPE
int %d
float %f
double %lf
char %c
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15. VARIABLE: A VARIABLE IS A LOCATION
IN COMPUTER MEMORY
 EX: int a=10
 RULES FOR VARIABLE:
 VARIABLE SHOULD NOT BE A RESERVED
WORD
 SPECIAL SYMBOLS ARE NOT ALLOWED
 1ST CHARACTER SHOULD BE ALPHABET
 COMMA AND SPACES ARE NOT ALLOWED
 LENGTH OF THE VARIABLE IS 31 CHARACTERS
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16. STRUCTURE OF C
 DOCUMENTATION SECTION
//--------------------
/*--------------------*/
 LINKING SECTION----------->HEADER FILES
 DEFINITION SECTION--->TO DECLARE
SYMBOLS
 MAIN FUNCTION-------> LOGIC
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TO GIVE COMMENTS

17. WORKING WITH C
 TO WORK WITH C-Language WE NEED AN
EDITOR:
TURBO C 7
 We need an editor to type, save, open,
compile & to run a program
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Double click this icon
on desktop

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19.  #INCLUDE<STDIO.H>:
#--------> PREPOCESSOR
INCLUDE-----> INCLUDES THE FILES INTO PROGRAM
STDIO.H------> STDIO IS AN HEADER FILE THAT CONTAINS
FILES LIKE: INPUT & OUTPUT STATEMENTS.
 EVERY C PROGRAM SHOULD HAVE ONE HEADER FILE.
 MAIN(): EVERY C PROGRAM SHOULD HAVE ONE
MAIN(), THE PROGRAM EXECUTION STARTS FROM
MAIN().
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20.  AFTER WRITING THE PROGRAM WE HAVE TO
COMPILE THE PROGRAM TO CHECK ERRORS.
 COMPILE------->
 AFTER COMPILATION WE NEED TO RUN THE
PROGRAM FOR OUTPUT.
 RUN---------->
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ALT + F9
ALT + F5 CTRL + F9

21. OUTPUT FUNCTION:
PRINTF() function
INPUT FUNCTION:
 SCANF() function
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22. RETURN TYPE: EVERY C PROGRAM SHOULD
END WITH RETURN 0. OTHERWISE, IT GIVES
YOU A WARNING.
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