The document provides an overview of computer basics. It discusses that a computer is an electronic device that takes in input, processes data, and provides output. The father of computers was Charles Babbage and the mother was Ada Lovelace. Computers work with electricity and can recognize the presence and absence of power. They are used in many fields like offices, schools, banks, hospitals and more. Computers have advantages like speed, accuracy, consistency, storage and versatility. The document also discusses computer hardware, software, programming languages, and storage devices like hard disks, floppy disks, CDs and DVDs.

1. COMPUTER BASICS
BY
MR. YOUSUF VALI
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2.  THE WORD computer IS DERIVED FROM compute WHICH MEANS
calculations.
 FATHER OF COMPUTERS : MR. CHARLES BABBAGE
 MOTHER OF COMPUTERS : ADA LOVELACE
 COMPUTER STANDS FOR :
C ------------>COMMONLY
O ----------->OPRATING
M ------------->MACHINE
P ------------->PARTICULARLY
U -------------->USED IN
T ---------------> TECHNOLOGY FOR
E ----------------> EDUCATION
R ----------------> RESEARCH
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3.  COMPUTER WORKS WITH THE HELP OF ELECTRICITY, IT CAN
RECOGNIZE BOTH PRESENCE & ABSENCE OF POWER.
 COMPUTER DEFINITION: IT IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH TAKES INPUT
PROCESS THE DATA AND GIVES OUTPUT.
 INPUT : ENTERING THE DATA IN A COMPUTER IS CALLED INPUT.
 INPUT DEVICES:
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4.  OUTPUT DEVICES : PRODUCING THE RESULTS BASED ON USER’S INPUT.
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5. COMPUTERS ARE USED IN :
 OFFICES
 SCHOOLS
 COLLEGES
 BANKS
 HOSPITALS
 RAILWAYS
 AIRLINES
 TRANSPORT
 PROJECTS
 ACCOUNTS
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6.  BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTERS :
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7.  CHARACTERISTICS :
1. SPEED: IT WORKS IN HIGH SPEED.
2. ACCURACY: RESULTS PRODUCED ARE 100 % CORRECT.
3. CONSISTENCY: IT DOES NOT GET TIRED.
4. STORAGE: IT HAS HIGH STORAGE CAPACITY.
5. VERSATILITY: IT PERFORMS VARIOUS TASKS.
 WHENEVER WE PRESS A CPU BUTTON THEN THE OPERATING SYSTEM LOADS
INTO MEMMORY.
 WHAT IS AN OPERARING SYSTEM?
 THE OPERATING SYSTEM IS AN INTERFACE BETWEEN USER AND COMPUTER
HARDWARE.
 EXAMPLE: MACINTOSH, WINDOWS, IOS, ANDROID
 WHATEVER THE TEXT YOU TYPE IN COMPUTER , IT AUTOMATICALLY
CONVERTS INTO 0’S &1’S
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8.  TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES :
A) LOW LEVEL LANGUANGE B) HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
 LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE: PROGRAMMERS FEEL DIFFICULT TO LEARN
A. MACHINE LEVEL: COMPUTER CAN UNDERSTAND 0’S & 1’S.
DRAWBACK: IT IS DIFFERENT FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER.
B. ASSEMBLY LEVEL: THIS LANGUAGE USES LETTERS AND SYMBOLS INSTEAD
OF 0’S & 1’S.
DRAWBACK : THE ASSEMBLY LEVEL LANGUAGE ARE MACHINE DEPENDENT.
 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE : IT IS EASY TO LEARN.
EXAMPLE : C, JAVA
 THE TEXT YOU ENTERED AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTS INTO 0’S & 1’S USING
TRANSLATORS.
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9.  TYPES OF TRANSLATORS:
A. COMPILER: IT CONVERTS THE ENTIRE PROGRAM INTO MACHINE
LEVEL LANGUAGE AT A TIME.
B. INTERPRETER: IT TRANSLATES THE PROGRAM IN A STEP BY STEP.
C. ASSEMBLER: IT CONVERTS ASSEMBLY LEVEL LANGUAGE INTO MACHINE
LEVEL LANGUAGE.
 COMPUTER SOFTWARE: IT IS A SET OF PROGRAMS.
 EXAMPLE: OPERATING SYSTEM ( WINDOWS, MACINTOSH, LINUX)
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10.  COMPUTER HARDWARE: IT IS A PHYSICAL COMPONENT OF A COMPUTER.
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11. HARD DISK:
 IT IS ALSO CALLED AS FIXED DISK MADEUP OF METAL PIECES
COATED WITH MAGNETIC TAPES & STORES LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA.
 THE FIRST HARDDISK IS INVENTED BY IBM IN 1956, THIS AVAILABLE IN 1
BYTE TO 1 COPERBYTE.
FLOPPY DISK:
 IT WAS INVENTED BY IBM & IT’S SIZE IS 5.25 INCH AND CAN SEND 1.44 MB
OF DATA AT A TIME.
 THE ADVANTAGE OF THIS FLOPPYDISK IS, IT CAN BE REMOVABLE.
COMPACT DISK (CD):
 IT IS VERY THIN & CIRCULER IN SHAPE, IT CAN STORE 700 MB OF DATA.
 IN OLDEN DAYS WE HAVE ONLY READABLE BUT, NOW A DAYS WE HAVE
BOTH READ & WRITTABLE DISKS.
DVD: DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK
 IT IS SIMILAR TO CD & STORAGE CAPACITY IS 17 TO 21 GB.
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