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M
A
T
E
M
Á
T
I
C
A
INICIAL
Profa. Yosaira Zuñiga
Programa Nacional de Formación en Informática
Universidad Politécnica Territorial
Valencia
BIENVENIDOS
.
Matemática
Formalmente se define como la
ciencia que estudia las propiedades
de los números y las relaciones que
se establecen entre ellos.
ESTRUCTURA DE LA UNIDAD
CURRICULAR
.
Unidades de Conocimiento
UNIDAD I: Conjuntos Numéricos.
UNIDAD II: Expresiones Algebraicas.
UNIDAD III: Productos Notables-Factorización.
UNIDAD IV: Radicación.
UNIDAD V: Ecuaciones-Inecuaciones-
Sistema de Ecuaciones Lineales.
ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE Y
EVALUACIÓN
.
UNIDAD I
Conjuntos Numéricos
.
Objetivos:
General:
Disponer la definición de conjunto y su clasificación, que conduzca a la
comprensión del concepto de conjuntos numéricos y las operaciones
básicas que se puedan realizar con los mismos, de tal manera que las
soluciones presentadas en cada aplicación estén contenidas dentro del
conjunto de los números reales R.
Específicos:
Alcanzar competencias para:
• Definir conjunto.
• Clasificar conjunto.
• Desarrollar operaciones básicas con conjuntos.
• Definición de Conjunto.
• Clasificación de Conjunto.
• Operaciones en Q y R.
• Simplificación de Símbolos de
Agrupación.
Contenido
Revisión de
Conocimientos
Observa la siguiente Red de Conceptos, como orientadora del trabajo a emprender.
Conjunto
Elementos
Formas de Determinar un Conjunto
Conjuntos
Numéricos
Es toda agrupación de elementos,
u otros materiales o abstractos que
tienen una característica similar o
común.
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Son todos los objetos o entes
que pertenecen al conjunto.
A = {a, b, c, d, e}
Por Comprensión: Cuando se nombran
cada uno de sus elementos. A = {La
Capital de Venezuela}
Por Extensión: Cuando cada uno de sus
elementos expresan o quedan definidos
por una propiedad o una característica
específica. A = {Caracas}
Son agrupaciones de
números que guardan
una serie de
propiedades
estructurales.
Operaciones con Conjuntos
.
Calcular:
a) 6-(-9+7-1)-[4-(-5+4+6)-1] =
b)
𝟏𝟏
𝟒
− 𝟓 −
𝟐
𝟑
÷ −𝟑 =
Operaciones con Conjuntos
.
Solución:
a) 6-(-9+7-1)-[4-(-5+4+6)-1] =
Simplifiquemos los símbolos de agrupación:
6-(-10+7)-[4-(-5+10)-1]
6-(-3)-[4-(5)-1]
6+3-[4-5-1]
9-[4-6]
9-[-2]
9+2
11
Operaciones con Conjuntos
.
Solución:
b)
𝟏𝟏
𝟒
− 𝟓 −
𝟐
𝟑
÷ −𝟑 =
11
4
−
5
1
−
2
3
÷ −3 =
m.c.m= 12
(
3.11−12.5−4.2
12
) = (
33−60−8
12
)
−35
12
÷ −3 =
−35
12
÷
−3
1
=
−𝟑𝟓
𝟏𝟐
−𝟑
𝟏
=
−𝟑𝟓.𝟏
−𝟑.𝟏𝟐
=
−𝟑𝟓
−𝟑𝟔
−35
−36
=
35
36
1. Cuando se hace referencia al concepto de
conjunto, pudieron notar que están presentes otros
conceptos ¿Puedes recordar cuales y a qué se
refiere de cada uno?
2. ¿Cuál es el conjunto numérico resultante de la
unión entre los Q y los I?
3. Para resolver una suma algebraica de fracciones,
se debe tener en cuenta los números dispuestos en
el denominador. ¿A qué nos referimos?
4. ¿Cuándo desarrollamos operaciones combinadas
usando símbolos de agrupación, cual es el orden
en la simplificación de los mismos?
Reflexión sobre lo Aprendido
a) 5-(-11+7-3)-[8-(-9+4+2)-6] =
Aplica los Conocimientos Adquiridos a los Siguientes Ejercicios
b)
𝟑
𝟒
− 𝟑 −
𝟓
𝟐
÷ −𝟔 =

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Presentación del curso yosaira zuñiga

  • 1. M A T E M Á T I C A INICIAL Profa. Yosaira Zuñiga Programa Nacional de Formación en Informática Universidad Politécnica Territorial Valencia
  • 2. BIENVENIDOS . Matemática Formalmente se define como la ciencia que estudia las propiedades de los números y las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos.
  • 3. ESTRUCTURA DE LA UNIDAD CURRICULAR . Unidades de Conocimiento UNIDAD I: Conjuntos Numéricos. UNIDAD II: Expresiones Algebraicas. UNIDAD III: Productos Notables-Factorización. UNIDAD IV: Radicación. UNIDAD V: Ecuaciones-Inecuaciones- Sistema de Ecuaciones Lineales.
  • 4. ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE Y EVALUACIÓN .
  • 5. UNIDAD I Conjuntos Numéricos . Objetivos: General: Disponer la definición de conjunto y su clasificación, que conduzca a la comprensión del concepto de conjuntos numéricos y las operaciones básicas que se puedan realizar con los mismos, de tal manera que las soluciones presentadas en cada aplicación estén contenidas dentro del conjunto de los números reales R. Específicos: Alcanzar competencias para: • Definir conjunto. • Clasificar conjunto. • Desarrollar operaciones básicas con conjuntos.
  • 6. • Definición de Conjunto. • Clasificación de Conjunto. • Operaciones en Q y R. • Simplificación de Símbolos de Agrupación. Contenido
  • 7. Revisión de Conocimientos Observa la siguiente Red de Conceptos, como orientadora del trabajo a emprender. Conjunto Elementos Formas de Determinar un Conjunto Conjuntos Numéricos Es toda agrupación de elementos, u otros materiales o abstractos que tienen una característica similar o común. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} Son todos los objetos o entes que pertenecen al conjunto. A = {a, b, c, d, e} Por Comprensión: Cuando se nombran cada uno de sus elementos. A = {La Capital de Venezuela} Por Extensión: Cuando cada uno de sus elementos expresan o quedan definidos por una propiedad o una característica específica. A = {Caracas} Son agrupaciones de números que guardan una serie de propiedades estructurales.
  • 8. Operaciones con Conjuntos . Calcular: a) 6-(-9+7-1)-[4-(-5+4+6)-1] = b) 𝟏𝟏 𝟒 − 𝟓 − 𝟐 𝟑 ÷ −𝟑 =
  • 9. Operaciones con Conjuntos . Solución: a) 6-(-9+7-1)-[4-(-5+4+6)-1] = Simplifiquemos los símbolos de agrupación: 6-(-10+7)-[4-(-5+10)-1] 6-(-3)-[4-(5)-1] 6+3-[4-5-1] 9-[4-6] 9-[-2] 9+2 11
  • 10. Operaciones con Conjuntos . Solución: b) 𝟏𝟏 𝟒 − 𝟓 − 𝟐 𝟑 ÷ −𝟑 = 11 4 − 5 1 − 2 3 ÷ −3 = m.c.m= 12 ( 3.11−12.5−4.2 12 ) = ( 33−60−8 12 ) −35 12 ÷ −3 = −35 12 ÷ −3 1 = −𝟑𝟓 𝟏𝟐 −𝟑 𝟏 = −𝟑𝟓.𝟏 −𝟑.𝟏𝟐 = −𝟑𝟓 −𝟑𝟔 −35 −36 = 35 36
  • 11. 1. Cuando se hace referencia al concepto de conjunto, pudieron notar que están presentes otros conceptos ¿Puedes recordar cuales y a qué se refiere de cada uno? 2. ¿Cuál es el conjunto numérico resultante de la unión entre los Q y los I? 3. Para resolver una suma algebraica de fracciones, se debe tener en cuenta los números dispuestos en el denominador. ¿A qué nos referimos? 4. ¿Cuándo desarrollamos operaciones combinadas usando símbolos de agrupación, cual es el orden en la simplificación de los mismos? Reflexión sobre lo Aprendido
  • 12. a) 5-(-11+7-3)-[8-(-9+4+2)-6] = Aplica los Conocimientos Adquiridos a los Siguientes Ejercicios b) 𝟑 𝟒 − 𝟑 − 𝟓 𝟐 ÷ −𝟔 =