The document discusses obesity and defines it as having too much body fat compared to what is considered healthy. It provides information on body mass index (BMI) and how BMI is used to classify weight categories from underweight to obese. It lists several health risks associated with obesity like diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. The document gives tips for prevention of obesity like exercising, eating healthy foods, limiting screen time, and reducing stress. It also provides treatment options for obesity including lifestyle changes, medicines, and surgical procedures like gastric bypass.
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Obesity (in Saudi arabia )
1. OBESITY
OBESITY MEANS HAVING TOO MUCH BODY FAT. IT IS
DIFFERENT FROM BEING OVERWEIGHT, WHICH MEANS WEIGHING
TOO MUCH. THE WEIGHT MAY COME FROM MUSCLE, BONE, FAT,
AND/OR BODY WATER. BOTH TERMS MEAN THAT A PERSON'S
WEIGHT IS GREATER THAN WHAT'S CONSIDERED HEALTHY FOR HIS
OR HER HEIGHT.
4. BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
• Person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in
meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness.
8. FACTORS THAT MIGHT AFFECT YOUR WEIGHT
• Genetic makeup
• Overeating
• Eating high-fat food
• Not being physically active.
9. BEING OBESE INCREASES THE RISK OF HAVING :
• Diabetes
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Arthritis
• Some cancers
10. Spot the difference: The obese
woman on the left has fat around
her organs (shown by the yellow
areas) and an enlarged heart
which can have consequences on
her health
Crushed lungs, strained joints and
a swollen heart - the extraordinary
scans that reveal what being fat
does to you
11. The danger of visceral fat is related to the release of proteins and hormones that
trigger inflammation in our bodies, which in turn damages arteries, invades our
organs, and affects all the vital processes they carry out every minute of the day.
12. OBESITY MAY CAUSE THE FOLLOWING
COMPLICATIONS:
• Metabolic Syndrome- name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease and other health
problems, such as stroke.
• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood cholesterol and high triglyceride levels in the blood
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart attacks and stroke
• Respiratory problems such as obstructive sleep apnea , asthma, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome
• Back pain
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
• Osteoarthritis
• Urinary incontinence
• Gallbladder disease
• Emotional health issues such as low self-esteem or depression
• Cancers of the esophagus, pancreas, colon, rectum, kidney, endometrium, ovaries, gallbladder, breast, or liver.
13. PREVENTION
• Exercise
• Eating healthy foods
• Proper sleep
• Limit screen time
• Reduce stress
• Limit tempting foods
• Weigh regularly
• Practice consistency
• Pack up leftovers
• Eat at the table
17. • Rather than cut out meals, a more effective
approach is to spread out the calories into
about five meals per day. Three small meals
with two healthy snacks would be the norm.
Eating more often helps control hunger and
reduces the risk of overeating, according to
the November 2011 issue of the "Journal of
the American Dietetic Asociation.“
• The key to a weight loss eating
plan is to limit calories while still
enjoying delicious foods.
18. Standard weight loss formula:
Weight Loss = Diet + Exercise + Adherence + Personal Change
19.
20. TIPS TO HELP YOU STAY MOTIVATED TO LOSE WEIGHT
Overcoming these negatives is an essential weight loss and diet motivation. So get into positive
mindset through following ways:
Be gentle, loving and kind to yourself.
22. START YOUR MORNINGS WITH
POSITIVE AFFIRMATIONS SUCH AS:
• I will treat myself with more
love and respect than what I
have given so far', 'I deserve
foods that I love but those
that nourish my body and
mind'.
23. Losing weight is not about diet and exercise
alone, there is the all important, yet
often overlooked factor of psychology or
mindset. There has always been a
connection between food and feelings which
itself is enough to show how
important mindset is in staying motivated to
lose weight.
24. EXERCISEWalking- Not only is it free, it’s a low-impact
exercise that you can do nearly anywhere, inside or out.
Walking slowly will burn additional calories when you’re
carrying extra weight, because you’re exerting more
energy to move your body.
Water Aerobics- Water helps to support your
body weight, which makes you feel lighter. It also reduces
the impact on your joints, which means that the pain you
might feel in your hips or knees from moving on land is
virtually nonexistent when you stand in the water.
Stationary Bike - Incorporating both walking
and riding the seated stationary bike is a good way to
target different muscles in the lower body.
To burn fat you have to do exercises which are oxygen
dependent (walk / run / jog / swim / elliptical/ stair
climbing / any free hand exercise/ spin cycle/ aerobics i.e.
any exercise which does not involve weight training) for
at least min 45 min continuously
25. TREATMENT
Medicines
• When healthy lifestyle changes are not enough, your doctor may treat
your overweight and obesity with FDA-approved medicines. These
medicines work in the following parts of your body.
• Brain. Several medicines change the way the brain regulates the urge to
eat, which can help to decrease appetite. Some examples of these
medicines are diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, lorcaserin,
naltrexone,bupropion, and liraglutide.
• Gastrointestinal tract. Orlistat is the only available medicine. It blocks your
intestines from absorbing fat from foods in your diet.
26. SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Criteria before surgery :
• BMI of 40+
• 80 - 100lbs overweight
• Diabetes, heart disease or severe apnea
• Physical mobility or physical function
27. SURGICAL PROCEDURES
• Gastric bypass surgery.
A small part of the stomach is
connected to the middle part of
the intestine, bypassing the first
part of intestine. This decreases
the amount of food that you can
eat and the amount of fat your
body can take in and store.
28. • Gastrectomy - A big
portion of the
stomach is removed to
decrease the amount
of food that you can
eat.
29. • Gastric banding - A hollow
band is placed around the
upper part of the stomach
creating a smaller stomach.
This decreases the amount of
food you can eat.
30. • The key to this approach is
RESPECT . This involves mindfully
appreciating that for some patients,
who are dealing with ‘multiple life
challenges’, their weight may not
feature as a priority, and an
individual approach to assessing
health and wellbeing needs for each
patient is required.
Top tips for nurses working with
overweight and obese patients
31. • Don’t Rely on Visual Judgement - use the
appropriate measurement when assessing if a
patient is overweight or obese.
1. Body Mass Index (BMI)
2. Waist circumference - assessed alongside BMI gives
a more detailed assessment of an individual’s health risk
MEN - 94-102cm of waist circumference is high and more
than 102 cm is very high risk.
WOMEN- 80-88cm of waist circumference is high and more
than 88cm is very high risk.
32. • . Patients should not feel guilt or blame for being overweight or obese - Obesity is a
complex issue, the root causes of which are embedded within our society.
33. MOBILITY AND FALL RISK
Assess for :
• Joint pain, which can limit standing, walking and transfer ability
• Mobility level :
1. total assist: cannot support own weight and/or is uncooperative; has little or no upper body
strength
2. partial assist: able to bear weight but needs assistance (i.e., more than supervision or instruction);
has some upper body strength
3. independent: is safe, requires only supervision/instruction, with or without assistive devices
