1) The document discusses a research project that aims to understand successful policy measures for making mobility patterns more sustainable across Europe by examining cases studies of 30 cities. 2) The project will analyze differences in mobility patterns between cities based on structural factors like density, size, and geography as well as behavioral factors like attitudes. 3) The research approach involves collecting mobility data for the case study cities and using frameworks to distinguish structural and behavioral influences on transportation choices.

1. 21 August 2013
Step By Step
ERA-NET Transport III
Kick Stepping Stones Program
Wim Korver

2. 2
Udo J. Becker
Lehrstuhl für
Verkehrsökologie
Jeffrey Raymond
Kenworthy
Professor in
Sustainable Cities
Jasek Malasek
Transport
researcher
Road and Bridge
Research
Institute
Helen Lindblom
Transport
researcher
Wim Korver
Head R&D
Goudappel Group

3. 3
Content
• Background
• Research questions
• Base approach
• Research Activities
• Feedback on tendering and contracting
process

4. 4
Background

5. 5
Transport is a major CO2 producer
• Transport:
23% of
energy related
CO2 emissions
• Business as
usual:
transport
share
increases to
35%

6. 6
CO2 reduction: combination of (inter)national policy
and local policy: the example Breda (medium sized
city in NL)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1990 2010 2044 BUA 2044 Confirmed Policy
Package
2044 Additional Policy
Package
CO2Emissions
Public Transport
Passenger Car
Trucks
-40%
A substantial extra
effort is needed to
reach CO2
reduction goals

7. 7
Background
• Transport will become in
Europe the major producer of CO2 emissions
• Technology will help, but on a local/regional
scale more is needed: without behavioral
change no sustainable mobility system
• A lot of initiatives: e.g. CIVITAS, Better
Benutten (NL) and Forschungsprogramm
Stadtverkehr (GE)
• Which behavioral intervention, that is the
question?

8. 8
ResearchQuestions

9. 9
Main Objective
• Stepping Stones:
1.To understand the successful (policy) measures aimed at
making mobility patterns more sustainable and the underlying
mechanisms (the how) including social & psychological
factors.
2.The research results should be of common interest across
Europe or in several regions.
• Step By Step:
• Identifying potential successful policy measures for changing
the transport behavior of people based on structural
differences between cities and cultures
What we know
after the project is
completed

10. 10
Research questions Step By Step
1. Framework to make a distinction between structural
and behavioral factors
2. Creating a pan-European database of mobility
patterns and the environmental effects
3. Identifying major structural factors for differences in
mobility patterns
4. Identifying major behavioral factors for influencing
mobility behavior
5. Identifying potential successful policy measures

11. 11
Base Research Approach
A. Empirical based: the use of (urban) cases
B. Structural versus behavioral factors
Baseapproach

12. 12
Empirical work based on approximately 30
cases _1Metropolitan region Case Code Country Type of Intervention
Car Sharing A1 NL Transport concept
Amsterdam West A2 NL Attitude
Amsterdam
Westpoort A3 NL Transport concept
Spitsscoren B1 NL DemandRotterdam
Mobility Management B2 NL Demand
Lifestyle C1 NL AttitudeBreda
Cargo Bike C2 NL Transport concept
Job Ticket D1 D Demand
Infineon D2 D Demand
Electric Busses D3 D Transport concept
Dresden
Commuter network D4 D Transport concept
Slow modes E1 D Transport conceptBerlin
Car sharing E2 D Transport concept
New residents F1 D AttitudeMunich
Increasing bicycle use F2 D Transport concept
Eco friendly license G1 D DemandFreiburg
Car free living area G2 D Attitude
Tübingen Mobility manager H1 D Demand
Congestion charges I1 S DemandStockholm
MM for Kista business park & Galleria shopping
centre
I2 S Demand
The West Swedish Solution J1 S AttitudeGothenburg
free pass for commuters J2 S Demand
No ridiculous car trips K1 S AttitudeMalmö/Lund
Lundalänken K2 S Transport concept
P+R L1 PL Transport concept
Increasing bicycle use L2 PL Attitude
Warszaw
Bus lanes L3 PL Transport concept
Cracow City Bike M1 PL Transport concept
Wroclaw Integrated Cycling Policy N1 PL Attitude
Mobility data on
metropolitan level
Behavioral
knowledge based
on cases

13. 13
UK cases (2)
will be
chosen later

14. 14
Empirical work based on approximately 30
cases _2
Distribution among countries
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
NL GE SW PL UK

15. 15
Empirical work based on approximately 30
cases _ 3
Case Characteristics
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Attitude
Demand
Transport concept

16. 16
Structural versus behavioral factors _1

17. 17
Structural versus behavioral factors _2
Cities with high densities have lower transport related
emissions
CO2-emission of passenger mobility of inhabitants
of Dutch municipalities (ton CO2 per year
Source: CO2 benchmark Goudappel Coffeng)

18. 18
Structural versus behavioral factors _3
• Transport behavior between cities (could) differ due to:
• Density
• City size
• Demographic structure environmental taxation
• Climate
• Supply of transport
• Geographic characteristics (hilly)
• Economic welfare level
• (Environmental) taxation
• …..

19. 19
Structural versus behavioral factors _4
• We are not starting from scratch
• Mobility data available for (international Database Kenworthy):
Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Zurich, Copenhagen,
Helsinki, Oslo, Stockholm, London, Manchester, Stuttgart,
Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Breda
• A lot of experience in the consortium with international
comparative analyses
• Ambition to create:
• Mobility indicators
• Environmental Indicators (CO2 emissions, PM10 and NOx)

20. 20
Structural versus behavioral factors _4
Behavioral analysis can become quite complex

21. 21
But our knowledge increases

22. 22
Structural versus behavioral factors _5
• Behavioral Analysis:
• Framework of Caldini
• SUMO (System for
Evaluation of Mobility
Projects)
• New insights from
behavioral economics

23. 23
SUMO Analysis
levels

24. 24
ResearchActivities

25. 25

26. 26
Planning