Anatomy

1. FUNDAMENTAL ANATOMY
B y
Amirul Afifi
Kamal Fahmi
Nur Izzatul Najwa

2. MOVEMENT
GLIDING
ANGULAR
FLEXION
EXTENSION
LATERAL FLEXION
HYPEREXTENSION
ADDUCTION
ABDUCTION
CIRCULAR/
ROTATION
ROTATION
CIRCUMDUCTON
SPECIAL
ELEVATION
DEPRESSION
PRONATION
SUPINATION
PROTRACTION
RETRACTION
INVERSION
EVERSION

3. Gliding
Flat bone surface moves back-and-forth and from side to side over one another
And there is a little change of angle between bones

4. Flexion
(flex – to bend)
Decrease of angle in the articulating bone, usually in sagittal plane

5. Extension
(exten – to stretch out)
Increase of angle in articulating bone, opposite of flexion

6. Lateral Flexion
Movement of trunk sideways to right/left at waist

7. Hyperextension
(hyper - beyond)
Extension beyond anatomical position

8. Abduction
(ab – away)
Movement of bone away from midline/medial

9. Adduction
(add - towards)
Movement of bone towards the midline/medial

10. Example of Abduction
and Adduction

11. Circumduction
(circ - circle)
Movement of distal end of a body part in a circle
OR: Continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction
Circumduction

12. Rotation
Movement of bone revolves along its longitudinal axis

13. Elevation
( to lift up)
Upward/Superior movement of a body part

14. Depression
(to press down)
Downwards/Inferior movement of a body part

15. Protraction
(to draw forth)
Forward/Anterior movement of a body part
in transverse plane

16. Retraction
(to draw back)
Backward/Posterior movement of the body part
in transverse plane

17. Inversion
(to turn inward)
Medial movement of the sole

18. Eversion
(to turn outward)
Lateral movement of the sole

19. Dorsiflexion
Bending of foot at the ankle in the direction of dorsum (superior surface)

20. Plantar Flexion
The bending of foot at the ankle in the direction of the plantar (inferior surface)

21. Supination
Movement of forearm that turns the palm anteriorly

22. Pronation
Movement of the forearm that turns the palm interiorly

23. Opposition
Movement of thumb across the palm to touch fingertips on same hand
Opposition

24. MOVEMENT OF JOINTS
By
Amirul Afifi
Kamal Fahmi
Nur Izzatul Najwa
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