basic terms, anatomical positions, planes and axis, different movements with respect to planes, definition of different movement

1. INTRODUCTION TO
KINESIOLOGY
PRESENTED BY DR. MAHEEN SALEEM

2. OBJECTIVES
 At the end of lecture students will going to understand:
 Kinesiology definition.
 Different aspects of kinesiology.
 Anatomical positions.
 Planes
 Basic movement.

3. KINESIOLOGY
 the study of movement.
 KINETICS:
 those forces causing movement
 KINEMATICS:
 those time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system.

4. ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
 the human body standing in an upright position, eyes facing
forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the
body with the palms facing forward.
 FUNDAMENTAL POSITION:
 is the same as the anatomical position except that the palms face
the sides of the body. This position is often used in discussing rotation
of the upper extremity.

6. PLANE AND AXIS
 A plane is an imaginary flat surface running through the body.
 An axis is an imaginary line at the right angle to the plane, about
which the body rotates or spins.
 The body and its segments move in planes of motion around axes of
motion.
 These planes of motion are called cardinal planes of motion.
 The three axes around which these planes rotate,in physics
terms,are x,y,and z.

7. CONTI…
 The x or medial-lateral axis runs side to side and is located in the
frontal plane
 The y or vertical axis runs up and down or superior-inferior and is in a
transverse plane.
 And the z or anterior-posterior axis runs from front to back and is in
the sagittal plane.

10. FRONTAL PLANE
 The frontal plane is also known as the coronal
plane.
 So named because it is parallel to the frontal
bone along the coronal skull suture.
 This plane divides the body into front and back
parts.
 It rotates around an axis that is perpendicular to
it: the anterior-posterior axis.

11. CONTI…
 Motions that occur within the frontal plane are:
 Abduction and adduction
 Ulnar and radial deviation
 Lateral flexion or bending (neck,trunk)

13. SAGITTAL PLANE
 The sagittal plane is so named because it is
parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull.
 Dividing the body into right and left sides.
 MOTION IN SAGITAL PLANE:
 Flexion
 Extension

15. HORIZONTAL PLANE
 The horizontal or transverseplane is so named
because it is parallel to the horizon and the floor.
 It divides the body into upper and lower parts.
 Rotations occur in this plane around a
longitudinal or y-axis.
 Motions that occur within the transverse plane
are:
 Medial and lateral rotation
 Pronation and supination
 Eversion and inversion

18. BASIC MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
 Anterior: Toward or on the front of the body.
 Posterior: Towards or on the back of the body.
 Superior or cephalad: Toward the head or upper part of a structure.
 Inferior or caudal: Toward the lower part of a structure.
 Medial: Toward or at the midline of the body.
 Lateral: Away form the midline of the body.
 Proximal: Closer to the origin of a point of reference.
 Distal: Further from the origin or point of reference.

19. BASIC MOVEMENTS
 Flexion: is the bending movement of one bone on another, causing
a decrease in the joint angle.
 Extension: is the straightening movement of one bone from another
causing an increase of the joint angle.
 Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body.
 Adduction is movement toward the midline.
 Circumduction is motion that describes a circular, cone-shaped
pattern.
 It involves a combination of four joint motions: (1) flexion, (2)
abduction, (3) extension, and (4) adduction.

20. ROTATION MOVEMENT
 Rotation is movement of a bone or part around its longitudinal axis.
Medial rotation:
 If the anterior surface moves inward toward the midline. This is
sometimes referred to as internal rotation.
lateral rotation or external rotation:
 If the anterior surface moves outward away from the midline.

21. REFERENCES
 Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy Lynn S. Lippert, MS, PT
 Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology SIXTH EDITION.