The Cold War began due to tensions between the US and USSR after WWII. The US was angry with Stalin for breaking promises made at Yalta and keeping the atomic bomb secret. The USSR wanted to spread communism while the US sought to contain it and give countries self-determination. This led to Europe being divided with an "Iron Curtain" between the Western democratic countries and Eastern bloc nations controlled by the Soviet Union. Germany was split into the capitalist West Germany and communist East Germany allied with the USSR.

1. Unit 5- The Cold War

2. World War II StatisticsTotal Deaths by Nation (Numbers are averaged from multiple sources
Soviet Union: 25,000,000
China: 15,000,000
Germany: 8,000,000
Poland: 5,720,000
Dutch East Indies: 3,500,000
Japan: 2,870,000
British India: 2,087,000
French Indochina: 1,600,000
Yugoslavia: 1,363,500
Philippines: 807,000
Romania: 800,000
Hungary: 580,000
France: 550,000
Italy: 454,600
United Kingdom: 450,900
United States: 418,500
Korea: 430,500
Lithuania: 350,000

3. Czechoslovakia: 325,000
Greece: 563,500
Netherlands: 301,000
British Burma: 272,000
Latvia: 230,000
Austria: 120,000
Ethiopia: 100,000
British Malaya: 100,000
Finland: 97,000
Belgium: 88,000
Estonia: 50,000
Singapore: 50,000
Canada: 45,400
Australia: 40,400
Total: 72,468,900
Albania: 30,000
Bulgaria: 25,000
New Zealand: 11,900
South Africa: 11,900
Norway: 9,500
Thailand: 7,600
Denmark: 3,200
Brazil: 2,000
Luxembourg: 2,000
Iraq: 500
Ireland: 200
Iran: 200
Turkey: 200
Iceland: 200
Mexico: 100

4. Difference between Soviet Union
and Russia
 The Soviet Union contained Russia and today’s
independent countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan

5.  I. Cold War- a period of intense political and
military tension between the US and USSR
 Not a single shot is fired (1945-1991)
 A. How did it start?
 1. US was furious with Stalin’s pact with Hitler
 2. Stalin didn’t keep his word from Yalta
conference

6.  3. Stalin felt the US should have entered WWII
sooner
 4. Stalin felt the US shouldn’t have kept the A-
Bomb a secret
 5. United Nations (UN) becomes a forum for
both sides to spread their influence

7.  II. US desires:
 A. Give all nations the right to self
determination
 B. Reunite Germany
 C. Create new markets for American goods

8.  III. USSR desires:
 A. Encourage communism around the world
 B. Control Eastern Europe
 C. Keep Germany divided
 D. Satellite Nations: Communist gov’ts in
Eastern Europe controlled by Stalin

9.  IV. US wants to stop communism
 A. Containment- measures to prevent the
extension of Communism throughout Europe
 B. Marshall Plan- US gives money to countries
that resist the USSR

10.  V. Iron Curtain- The division in Europe between
the Democratic free countries in the west and the
Soviet controlled communist countries in the east
 Germany is split into two countries
 1. West Germany- free, democratic
 2. East Germany- communist, under USSR