The document summarizes key World War 2 battles between the Allies and Axis powers: 1) The Battle of the Atlantic involved German U-boats trying to cut off British supply lines, with the early phase dominated by Germany but sonar improvements and convoy systems helping the Allies gain control. 2) The Battle of Stalingrad was a pivotal battle where Soviet forces defeated Germany after fierce hand-to-hand combat and winter conditions slowed the German advance. 3) In North Africa, Allied General Eisenhower defeated German General Rommel, allowing the Allies to target Italy next.

1. Unit 4- The US in World War II

2.  I. Battle of the Atlantic
 A. German goal: prevent supplies from getting to
GB
 B. Early Phase (39-42) dominated by Germany
 U-boats- sonar not perfected yet, German
producing 5+ week, no convoy system

3.  C. Later phase (42-45) dominated by Allies
 Sonar improvements, German production slows,
using convoy system
 Capture of the “Enigma” machine- coded
communication by the Nazis

4.  II. Battle of Stalingrad
 A. Soviet industrial city on the Volga River,
access to oil fields
 B. USSR has joined the Allies
 C. Bloodiest battle of WWII- 1.8M dead
 D. Early phase dominated by Germany

5.  E. Later phase dominated by Soviet Union
 1. Hand to hand combat- no blitzkrieg
 2. Civilians join war effort
 3. Russian winter slows German supply lines
 4. Soviet victory is turning point of WWII

6.  III. North Africa
 A. Operation Torch- invasion of Axis
controlled N. Africa
 B. General Dwight Eisenhower leads Allies vs.
Nazi General Erwin Rommel (The Desert Fox)
 C. Allies defeat Rommel- next target is Italy

7.  IV. Italian Campaign
 A. FDR and Churchill agree they will only accept
“unconditional surrender”
 B. Sicily is taken first, Mussolini forced to resign
 C. Sept. 1943, Italy signs an armistice- cease fire

8.  D. Oct. 1943 Italy declares war on Germany
 E. Mussolini is executed in 1945
 F. Tuskegee Airmen- African American squadron
that helps defeat the Nazis

9.  V. D-Day- the Allied invasion of Nazi occupied
France- June 6, 1944
 A. Planned for 1 year under Generals Eisenhower
and Patton
 B. 3M US, UK, and Canadian troops will invade

10.  C. Paratroopers land the night before behind
enemy lines
 D. Intense fighting, huge Allied casualties at the
start- “Omaha Beach” the bloodiest
 E. 7 days to hold the beach, 2 months to Paris, 3
months to control France, Belgium, Luxembourg

11.  VI. Battle of the Bulge
 A. Oct. 1944, Allies have taken their first
German city- Aachen
 B. Last German offensive of the war
 C. Results in a stalemate, Germany will retreat
from this point on

12.  VII. End of War in Europe- 1945
 A. April 12- FDR dies at age 63, Harry Truman
takes over
 B. April 29- Hitler marries Ava Braun, the next
day they commit suicide
 C. May 8- Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day)