how the amendments modified the constitution to extend the franchise and further define and extend the rights of the people

1. The Civil War amendments:The Civil War amendments:
• 1313thth
Ends slaveryEnds slavery
•1414thth
•Defines citizenship: by birth and lawDefines citizenship: by birth and law
•Due process protection extended toDue process protection extended to
statestate lawlaw
•Equal protection extended to state lawEqual protection extended to state law
•1515thth
Right to vote extended to formerRight to vote extended to former
slavesslaves
•These amendments are enforceable at theThese amendments are enforceable at the
state level, applying the Bill of Rights to statestate level, applying the Bill of Rights to state
law [law [selective incorporationselective incorporation]]
•Adoption of these amendments wereAdoption of these amendments were
originally a requirement for southern statesoriginally a requirement for southern states
readmission to the Union after the Civil Warreadmission to the Union after the Civil War
•Ineffective after the collapse ofIneffective after the collapse of
Reconstruction in 1872Reconstruction in 1872

2. Extending the franchiseExtending the franchise
The Civil War AmendmentsThe Civil War Amendments
1717thth
Amendment – popularAmendment – popular
election of senatorselection of senators
1919thth
Amendment – women’sAmendment – women’s
suffragesuffrage
2323rdrd
Amendment – voting forAmendment – voting for
D.C.D.C.
2424thth
Amendment – outlaws pollAmendment – outlaws poll
taxtax
2626thth
Amendment – voting ageAmendment – voting age
set at 18set at 18

3. Defining the PresidencyDefining the Presidency [and other stuff][and other stuff]
1212thth
– clarifies voting for president and– clarifies voting for president and
VPVP
1616thth
– Federal income tax– Federal income tax
1818thth
– prohibition– prohibition
2121stst
– repeal of prohibition– repeal of prohibition
2222ndnd
– president limited to two terms– president limited to two terms
2525thth
– codifies presidential succession– codifies presidential succession
2727thth
– delays congressional pay raises– delays congressional pay raises
to next termto next term