A COMPLETE LECTURE ON INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE SYSTEMS.

1. PREPARED BY:
Muhammad Jehanzeb
CHAPTER 1
DATABASE SYSTEM
INTRODUCING DATABASE SYSTEM

2. Slide 2 of 73
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
 Explain what is data management
 Differentiate manual file system and computerised file system with database
system
 Define database system, database and database management system
 List the functions, advantages and disadvantages of database management
system

3. Slide 3 of 73
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
TOPIC OUTLINES
Introduction
1.1 Manual File System
1.1.1 Disadvantages of Manual File System
1.2 Computerised File System
1.2.1 Disadvantages of Computerised File System
1.3 Database System
1.4 Database
1.4.1 Characteristics of Database
1.5 Database Management System
1.5.1 Functions of Database Management System
1.5.2 Advantages of Database Management System
1.5.3 Disadvantages of Database Management System

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
Are you being overwhelmed by too much data?

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
Not sure how to make sense of the data?

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
What you need is
Data Management

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
Generating Data Storing Data Retrieving Data
Data management is a discipline that focuses
on the proper way for
Focus of this course

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
We will examine 3 ways for managing data
Manual File System
Computerised File
System
Database System
Evolution of
Data Management

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
A manual file system is a way of managing
data using
Pen and paper

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
1. Record data on paper.
2. File paper away into folders and cabinets.
Data Storage

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
1. Locate paper from cabinets and folders.
2. Retrieve data from paper.
Data Retrieval

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
As data collection increases
1.1 Manual File System
1.1.1 Disadvantages of Manual File System

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
Where is my
data?
1.1.1 Disadvantages of Manual File System
Keeping track and looking up data becomes
much more difficult

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
Solution to Manual File System
Replace Manual File System with Computerised File System

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
A computerised file system is a way of
managing data using
FilesComputer Programs

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
1. Launch a program (e.g. Microsoft Excel) to input data.
2. When you saved the data, the data gets stored in a computer file
(e.g. Excel file .xls).
Data Storage

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
1. Find a program that could open the computer file (e.g. Excel file .xls).
2. Launch the program (e.g. Microsoft Excel) to retrieve the data.
Data Retrieval

18. Slide 18 of 73
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
1.2.1 Disadvantages of Computerised File System
Program
Dependency
Data
Redundancy
Complex
administration
Click on the boxes for explanation

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
Solution to Computerised File System
Database
System
Replace Computerised File System with Database System

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
Database
Database
System
Database
Management
System
(DBMS)
What is Database System?

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
A database can be thought of as an electronic
version of a filing cabinet
Database is where all the data are stored
1.3 Database System
Database

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
A DBMS can be thought of as a secretary who
has sole access to the filing cabinet
DBMS handles all data requests (i.e. data
storage/retrieval) on behalf of programs
DBMS
1.3 Database System

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
Database
Database Management System (DBMS)
Program
1
Program
2
Program
3
Program
N
Only
DBMS has
access to
database
Programs
store/retrie
ve data
through
DBMS
Data stored in the
database are shared
by all programs (i.e.
no redundant data)

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
Data Storage
DBMS
Database
Click on the numbered boxes for explanation
1 2
3

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
Data Retrieval
DBMS
Database
Click on the numbered boxes for explanation
1 2
4
3

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.4 Database
Database is a computer structure that
houses a collection of related data
and metadata
Database

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.4.1 Characteristics of Database
1.4 Database
Persistent
Shared
Interrelated
Click on the boxes for explanation

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System
Database Management System is a
collection of programs that enables the
creation, maintenance and usage of
a database
DBMS

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System
Some popular DBMS include
…

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System
1.5.1 Functions of Database Management System
Data Storage
and Retrieval
Database
Access
Language
Application
Programming
Interfaces
Database
Communication
Interfaces
Data Integrity
Management
Multiuser
Access Control
Security
Management
Backup and
Recovery
Management
Click on the boxes for explanation

31. Slide 65 of 73
TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System
1.5.2 Advantages of Database Management System
Controlling Data
Redundancy
Improvement in
Data Integrity
Improvement in
Security
Access Versatility
Reduced
Development Time
Click on the boxes for explanation

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System
1.5.3 Disadvantages of Database Management System
Increased cost
• Hardware cost (e.g. new computers) and DBMS cost
• Personnel cost (e.g. hire database administrator)
• Adoption cost (e.g. re-enter data into database)
Complexity
• DBMS is complex as it provides a lot of functionalities
• If the functionalities are not needed (e.g. in the case of a
small company), the power of DBMS would be wasted
Greater impact of failure
• Due to lack of data redundancy, if the DBMS goes down,
suddenly one lose access to all data

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
SUMMARY
 Data management is a discipline that focuses on the proper way for generating,
storing and retrieving data.
 The evolution of data management
Manual file system
Computerized file system
Database system
 Database system = Database + Database management system (DBMS).
 Database is a computer structure that houses a collection of related data and
metadata.
 Database management system is a collection of programs that enables the
creation, maintenance and usage of a database.

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TOPIC
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
NEXT SESSION PREVIEW
In Chapter 2, we will delve
into the architecture and
components of database
system