CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY(For 4h semester B.Tech Degree Students Under Kerala Technological University) VISHNU VIJAYAN HOD-Department Of Civil Engineering Baselios Mathews II College Of Engineering Sasthamcotta, Kollam,Kerala,INDIA

1. CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
(For 4h semester B.Tech Degree Students
Under Kerala Technological University)
MASONRY
VISHNU VIJAYAN
HOD-Department Of Civil Engineering
Baselios Mathews II College Of Engineering Sasthamcotta,
Kollam,Kerala,INDIA
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2. Stone masonry
• Stone masonry is made of stone units bonded
together with mortar.
• Masonry-term used to indicate the art of
building the structure either in stone (stone
masonry) or in bricks (brick masonry)
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3. Classification of stone masonry
Stone masonry
Rubble masonry
1. Randam rubble masonry
- Coursed - uncoursed
2. Square rubble masonry
- Coursed - uncoursed
3. Polygonal rubble masonry
4. Flint rubble masonry
5. Dry rubble masonry
Ashlar masonry
1. Ashlar fine masonry
2. Ashlar rough tooled
3. Rock (or) quarry faced
4. Ashlar chamfered
5. Ashlar block in course
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4. Random rubble masonry
• Coursed
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5. Continue….
• In this type of masonry, the stones used are of
widely different sizes. This is the roughest and
cheapest form of stone masonry.
• In coursed random rubble masonry, the
masonry work is carried out in courses such
that the stones in a particular course are of
equal height.
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6. • uncoursed
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7. Continue….
• In this type of masonry, the stones used are of
widely different sizes. This is the roughest and
cheapest form of stone masonry.
• In uncoursed random rubble masonry, the
coarses are not maintained regularly. The
larger stones are laid first and the spaces
between them are then filled up by means of
spalls or sneeks.
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8. Square rubble masonry
• Coursed
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9. Continue…
• In this type of masonry stones having straight
bed and sides are used. The stones are usually
squared and brought to hammer dressed or
straight cut finish.
• In the coursed square rubble masonry, the
work is carried out in courses of varying
depth.
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10. • uncoursed
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11. Continue…
• In this type of masonry stones having straight
bed and sides are used. The stones are usually
squared and brought to hammer dressed or
straight cut finish.
• In the uncoursed square rubble masonry, the
different sizes of stones having straight edges
and sides are arranged on face in several
irregular patterns.
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12. Polygonal rubble masonry
In this type of rubble masonry, the stones are
hammer dressed. The stones used for face work
are dressed in an irregular polygonal shape. Thus
the face joints are seen running in an irregular
fashion in all directions.
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13. Flint rubble masonry
In this type of masonry, stone used are flints or
cobbles. These are irregularly shaped nodules of
silica. The stones are extremely hard. But they are
brittle and therefore they break easily.
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14. Dry rubble masonry
In this type of masonry, mortar is not used in the joints. This
type of construction is the cheapest and requires more skill
in construction. This may be used for non-load bearing walls
such as compound walls, etc…
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15. ASHLAR MASONRY
ASHLAR FINE MASONRY
In this type ashlar masonry, each stone is cut to uniform size and
shape with all sides rectangular, so that the stone gives perfectly
horizontal and vertical joints with adjoining stone. This type of ashlar
masonry is very costly.
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16. Ashlar rough tooled masonry
In this type of ashlar masonry, the beds and sides are
finely chisel-dressed. But the face is made rough by
means of tools. A strip, about 25mm wide and made
by means of chisel is provided around the perimeter
of the rough dressed face of each stone.
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17. Ashlar rock or quarry faced masonry
In this type of ashlar masonry, a strip about 25mm wide and
made by means of chisel is provided around the perimeter of
every stone as in case of rough-tooled ashlor masonry. But the
remaining portion of the face is left in the same form as received
from quarry.
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18. Ashlar chamfered masonry
In this type of ashlar masonry, the strip is provided as
below. But it is chamfered or beveled at an angle of 45
degrees by means of chisel for a depth of about 25mm.
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19. Ashlar back in course masonry
This is combination of rubble masonry and ashlar
masonry. In this type of masonry, the face work is
provided with rough tooled or hammer dresses
stones and backing of the wall may be made in
rubble masonry.3/21/2020 19VISHNU VIJAYAN

20. Brick Masonry
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21. Masonry-used for the costruction of
foundation,walls,columns & other similar components of a
structure-
Masonry-term used to indicate the art of building the
structure either in stone (stone masonry) or in bricks (brick
masonry)
Materials required for stone masonry- stones and mortar
Materials required for brick masonry- bricks and mortar
Mortar-act as a binding material & it may be cement
mortar or lime mortar

22. Brick masonry-built with bricks bonded
together with mortar
Various types of bonds generally used in brick
masonry are:
 Stretcher bond
 Header bond
 English bond
 Flemish Bond
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24. Stretcher bond
Stretcher-longer face of brick-as seen in elevation
Brick of size-190 mm*90 mm*90 mm face
190*90 mm is the stretcher face
Here, all the bricks are arranged in stretcher courses
Care should be taken to break vertical joints
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28. Header bond
Shorter face of the brick as seen in the
elevation
Standard brick 90*90 mm face
Here all the bricks are arranged in the header
course
Overlap-usually kept equal to half the width of
the brick
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30. English bond
Alternate courses, consists of headers & stretchers
Considered as strongest bond in brick work
Commonly used bond for the walls of all thickness
To break continuity of vertical joints-brick is cut
lengthwise into 2 halves & used in the
beginning & end of a wall after first header-
queen closer
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34. Flemish bond
 Each course comprises of alternate header &
stretcher
 Alternate courses start with stretcher & header
 If a course starts with header, queen closers are
required to break the vertical joints
 Flemish bond may be further classified as
 Single Flemish bond
 Double Flemish bond
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37. Double Flemish bond
 Consists of alternate stretchers & headers where
as in single Flemish bond
 Facing of the wall give the appearance of
Flemish bond & the backing that of English
bond
 If only, pointing is to be used for finished walls,
Flemish bond may be used to get good aesthetic
view
 If Plastering is to be used, it is better to have
English bond
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40. Characteristics of good bricks
Size & shape-Uniform size,rectangular surfaces,parallel
sides,sharp straight edges
Texture & Compactness-Uniform texture,fractured surface
should not show fissures,holes,grits or lumps of lime
Colour-Uniform deep red or cherry colour
Hardness & soundness-Not scratchable by finger nail
Produce metallic ringing sound
Water absorption-should not exceed 20% by weight
Crushing strength-Not less than 10.5N/mm2
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41. End…..
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