very important PPT.

1. Topic:Tissues(Human)
Anatomy and Physiology
Presented by:
MR VIJAYREDDY VANDALI
M.SC(N), PGDHA,PGCDE,.
ASSOCIATE PROF CUM I/C PRINCIPAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
P P SAVANI UNIVERSITY, GUJARAT.

2. Tissues(Human)
Anatomy and Physiology

3. Key Terms
• Histology:
• the study of tissues.
• Tissues:
• groups of cells which are similar in
structure and which perform common
or related functions.

4. Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
•Epithelial Tissue
•Connective Tissue
•Muscle Tissue
•Nervous Tissue

7. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
• Epithelial Tissue Locations:
• Covers the body
• Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body
• Covers the organs inside body cavities
• Epithelial Tissue Functions:
• Protection from physical & chemical injury,
• Protection against microbial invasion,
• Contains receptors which respond to stimuli,
• Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and
• Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.

12. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Connective Tissue:
• Most abundant & widely distributed tissue
• Connective Tissue Functions:
• Connects, binds and supports structures,
• Tendons, ligaments, etc.
• Protects & cushions organs and tissues,
• Insulates (fat) and
• Transports substances (blood).

16. MUSCLE TISSUE
• Muscle Tissue:
• Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart and in the walls
of the hollow organs of the body.
• Muscle Tissue Functions:
• Movement
• Locomotion
• Maintains posture
• Produces heat
• Facial expressions
• Pumps blood
• Peristalsis

20. NERVOUS TISSUE
• Nervous Tissue:
• Main component of the nervous system,
ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.
• Nervous Tissue Functions:
• Regulates & controls body functions
• Generates & transmits nerve impulses
• Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

23. Identify the following cell organelles
• Cell Organelles
• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus
• nuclear membrane
• nucleolus
• chromosomes
• chromatin

24. Identify the five stages of mitosis
• Stages of Mitosis, or the Cell Cycle:
• interphase
• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

25. Interphase
• Metabolic phase
• Cell growth
• DNA replication
• Centriole replication
• Protein Synthesis
• Visible Nucleus &
nuclear membrane
• Visible nucleoli
• Chromatin

26. Prophase
• Nuclear membrane
disappears
• Nucleoli disappear
• Chromsomes appear
• Centrioles move to
opposite sides of cell
• Spindle fibers from
centrioles connect with
chromosomes

27. Metaphase
• Chromosomes line up on
equator of the cell

28. Anaphase
• Chromatids from each
chromosome separate &
are pulled to opposite
sides of the cell.

29. Telophase
• Chromatids reach
extremes of cell
 Nuclear membraneNuclear membrane
reappears around eachreappears around each
chromatid clusterchromatid cluster
 Nucleoli reappearNucleoli reappear
 Cell plate appearsCell plate appears
between nucleibetween nuclei
 Cytokinesis occursCytokinesis occurs

30. • Specific tissue types & representative cell types we will
review:
• EPITHELIAL
• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnar
• CONNECTIVE
• Adipose
• Bone
• Hyaline cartilage
• MUSCLE
• NERVOUS

31. Squamous Epithelium
• Simple – one cell thick
 Forms solid layer ofForms solid layer of
cells which line bloodcells which line blood
vessels, body cavitiesvessels, body cavities
& cover organs in body& cover organs in body
cavitiescavities
 Stratified – multipleStratified – multiple
layerslayers
 Forms epidermisForms epidermis

32. Cuboidal Epithelium
• Simple – one cell thick
• Roughly cube shaped
 Line ducts in kidneys,Line ducts in kidneys,
etc, where reabsorptionetc, where reabsorption
and secretory activitiesand secretory activities
take place.take place.
Duct
Cuboid Cells
Duct
Cuboid Cells

33. Columnar Epithelium
• Simple – one cell thick
• Column shaped (long &
narrow)
• Line digestive tract where
reabsorption & secretion
occurs.
 Pseudostratified – givesPseudostratified – gives
the appearance ofthe appearance of
more than one layer ofmore than one layer of
columnar epithelialcolumnar epithelial
cellscells

34. • Specific Connective Tissue Types:
• Adipose
• Bone
• Hyalaine cartilage

35. Connective - Adipose
• Honeycomb or
chickenwire appearance
 Stores energy (fat)Stores energy (fat)
 InsulatesInsulates
 Supports & protectsSupports & protects
organsorgans

36. Connective - Bone
• Tree ring-like appearance
 Supports & protectsSupports & protects
 Mineral storageMineral storage
 Fat storageFat storage
 Blood cell productionBlood cell production

37. Connective – Hyaline Cartilage
 Supports whileSupports while
providing flexibilityproviding flexibility
 Absorbs compressionAbsorbs compression
between bones inbetween bones in
joints (articularjoints (articular
cartilage)cartilage)
 Holds open respiratoryHolds open respiratory
passagespassages
 Most abundant type ofMost abundant type of
cartilage in bodycartilage in body

38. • Specific Muscle Tissue Types:
• muscle (skeletal)

39. Muscle - Skeletal
• Muscle fibers (cells) long,
parallel & cylindrical
• With many nuclei
(multinucleate)
 Striations (cross stripes runStriations (cross stripes run
perpendicular to the cellsperpendicular to the cells
 Produce voluntary movementProduce voluntary movement
 LocomotionLocomotion
 HeatHeat

40. Specific Nervous Tissue Types
Nervous – Neuron Branching cells with manyBranching cells with many
long processeslong processes
 Large central nucleusLarge central nucleus
 Transmit impulses from oneTransmit impulses from one
area of the body to otherarea of the body to other
areasareas
 Regulate activities throughRegulate activities through
neuron impulsesneuron impulses

41. THANK YOU