Online Assignment

1. Submitted To, Submitted By,
Mary Jain Mam Happy Maria Babu
Assistant Professor I B.Ed Geography
Emmanuel college of Emmanuel college of
B.Ed training B.Ed training
ASSIGNMENT
MEANING, SCOPE AND
OBJECTIVES OF
EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY

2. MEANING, SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) defined
educational technology as "the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and
improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes
and resources”. It denoted instructional technology as "the theory and practice of design,
development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for
learning". As such, educational technology refers to all valid and reliable applied education
sciences, such as equipment, as well as processes and procedures that are derived
from scientific research, and in a given context may refer to theoretical, algorithmic or
heuristic processes: it does not necessarily imply physical technology. Educational
technology is the process of integrating technology into education in a positive manner that
promotes a more diverse learning environment and a way for students to learn how to use
technology as well as their common assignments.
Educational technology’s definition has evolved over the years as a variation of ways of
dealing with learning processes, a conceptual framework, theory and practice, and the latest
study and ethical practices of dealing with technological processes and resources.
Educational technology is a wide field. Therefore, one can find many definitions, some of
which are conflicting. Educational technology can be considered either as a design science or
as a collection of different research interests addressing fundamental issues of learning,
teaching and social organization. Official Definitions .The Association for Educational
Communications and Technology, the professional society for ET, defines it as: Educational
technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving
performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and
resources. As a field, educational technology emphasizes communication skills and
approaches to teaching and learning through the judicious use and integration of diverse
media. Scholars in the field examine the uses of innovative media and technologies for
education, examining all aspects from direct student learning to management and impacts on
institutions. As in all forms of applied technology, the field studies how theoretical
knowledge and scientific principles can be applied to problems that arise in a social context.
Practitioners in educational technology seek new and effective ways of organizing the
teaching and learning process through the best possible application of technological
developments. These activities rely upon a body of knowledge for successful and ethical
implementation, rather than routine tasks or isolated technical skills.

3. MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology is the use of both physical hardware, software, and educational
theoretic to facilitate learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing
appropriate technological processes and resources An educational technologist is someone
who is trained in the field of educational technology.
It encompasses several domains including learning theory, computer-based training, online
learning, and where mobile technologies are used, m-learning. Accordingly, there are several
discrete aspects to describing the intellectual and technical development of educational
technology:
 Educational technology as the theory and practice of educational approaches to learning.
 Educational technology as technological tools and media, for instance massive online
courses, that assists in the communication of knowledge, and its development and
exchange. This is usually what people are referring to when they use the term
"Educational Technology".
 Educational technology for learning management systems (LMS), such as tools for
student and curriculum management, and education management information systems
(EMIS).
 Educational technology as back-office management, such as training management
systems for logistics and budget management, and Learning Record Store (LRS) for
learning data storage and analysis.
 Educational technology itself as an educational subject; such courses may be called
"Computer Studies" or "Information and communications technology (ICT)".
There are three views regarding the meaning of educational technology.
The first view which may call educational technology 1(ET1) refers to the application of
physical science and engineering technology to provide mechanical or
electromechanically tools, instrumentation or ‘hardware’ which can be used for
instructional purposes. this is the view of James O Fin and others(1960) for the
‘audiovisual education’ movement and by the electronic communication industry. in this
sense, the reference is generally to the use of equipment for presenting instructional
material such as still and motion picture projectors( silent and sound ),tape
recorders(including language laboratory), television, teaching machines and computer
based teaching.
The second view which may call educational technology 2 (ET2) refers to the application
of scientific principles to instruction. This is the view of Skinner, Gagne and others .Here
psychological principles of learning are stressed.
The third and the modern view of educational technology 3 (ET3) as described by Davis
and Hartley (1972) , incorporates both ET1 and ET2 through application of a “system
approach” to education and training. According to this view, education should be
considered a system in which machines, materials, media, men and methods are
interrelated parts and are organized in such a way as they work together for the fulfilment
of specific educational objectives. Educational technology, according to this view,
implies planning, implementing and evaluating a system in education according to
scientific principles so as to best achieve the educational objectives.

4. WIDER MEANING OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
The National Council Of Educational Technology Report-U.K (1969)gives the wider
meaning of educational technology in these words, ”It perhaps needs to be reiterated that
the council sees educational technology as having a wider connotation than simply the
use of electromechanical and other aids in teaching. it places as much stress on
educational ideas as on technological inventions, largely because it accepts the
fundamental advances usually come from the interaction of changing concepts (leading to
new ways of looking at things) with changing techniques(leading to new ways of doing
things)”.

5. OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology, in the capacity of technology of education, provides valuable
help in the total teaching-learning process for achieving the best possible results in an
economic way through the available human and non-human resources. In this respect, the
major objectives of education technology can be summarized as follows:
Objectives at macro level:
In the view of the broad educational goals, i.e. the macro level, the objectives of
educational technology can be listed in the following way:
 To identify educational needs and aspirations of the community.
 To determine the aims of education, broad strategies and structure of education.
 To develop a suitable curriculum with interaction of science, art and human
values.
 To identify man-material resources and strategies for achieving stipulated aims of
education.
 To develop certain models leading to improvement of process of teaching and
learning.
 To develop the appropriate aids and equipments to meet the educational purposes.
 To identify major constraints in the environment and the ways and means to
tackle those.
 To help in extending educational opportunities to the masses especially the
neglected section of the community.
 To manage the all educational system covering planning implementation and
evaluation phases.
Objectives at the Micro Level:
In the view of the specific classroom teaching, i.e. the micro level, the objectives of
educational technology are as follows:
 To identify and analyse the characteristics and educational needs of the pupils.
 To determine the specific classroom objectives and state them in behavioural
terms
 To analyse the content of the instruction and organise in a proper sequence
 To identify the available teaching learning material and resources
 To identify the nature of the interaction of the subsystems like students, teachers,
teaching learning material, content of instruction and methodologies.
 To plan the teaching strategies and utilise the man material resources for
achieving specific classroom objectives.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of classroom teaching in the terms of the pupils
performance or change in behaviour.

6. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Scope of educational technology is as wide as education itself. Its scope ranges from the
concrete educational process to the most abstract and subtle once. It includes use of
hardware and software and system analysis in various system operations. The
possibilities of using educational technology in almost all areas of education has been and
being explored. There are three major areas in education in which its copies very wide.
These are:
 Technology related to general educational administration and management.
 Technology related to general educational testing.
 Technology related to the instructional process
Rawntra has stated the following as the proving of educational technologies
 Identify aims and objectives of learning
 Planning the learning environment
 Exploring and structuring the subject matter
 Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media.
 Evaluating the effectiveness of learning system
 Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness for the
future
Important areas which should comprises educational technology area as under:
 Concept and various facts of educational technology
 Teaching learning process
 Individualised instructional technology
 Programmed learning
 Teaching models
 Learning theories
 Multimedia approach to teaching.
 Mathetics
 Cybernetics
 Task analysis
 Module
 System approach

7. CONCLUSION
Education as a broad discipline that is responsible for changing behaviour of individual with
the help of suitable method, strategies and techniques of teaching and learning. From the time
of traditional Guru Sisya parampra till date drastic changes have been observed in this regard.
In this modern era of 21st century of science and technology the complex process of teaching
learning has been modified and simplified by the use of educational technology which is
nothing but application of modern technology in the field of educational process. You can
understand the meaning of educational technology by dividing it into two words education‖
and ―technology‖: Education is the process of acquiring and imparting cognitive, affective,
psychomotor development on the part of the learner with a suitable strategy. Education is a
discipline which is both science and art. It is a mixture of science of learning and arty of
teaching.
Technology refers to the techniques as also the technical contrivances. A systematic way of
applying the techniques to achieve an objective is as important as the use of technical
equipment for the same. As a matter of fact, techniques are reckoned as the software and the
equipment as the hardware of technology. Technology results in new designs and devices as
also new ideas and processes. Each new physical device is accompanied by a new set of
procedures and techniques. For example, the development of telephone has led to phone
books, answering machines, fax, telephone shopping, etc. the hard component (physical
device) for the purpose of study.

8. REFERENCE
1. Essentials of Educational technology
S.K Mangal,Uma Mangal.
2. Teaching Learning Process
Dr. J. S Walia.
WEB RESOUCES
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