This document discusses the importance of forests and the impacts of deforestation. It notes that forests provide valuable products for human use and consumption as well as ecosystem services. It then outlines some of the key forest products such as wood for building materials and paper, and non-wood products like berries, nuts, and maple syrup. The document also discusses the causes of deforestation including logging, mining, cattle ranching, and agriculture. It lists some of the major effects of deforestation such as loss of biodiversity, habitat fragmentation, soil erosion, climate change, and impacts to indigenous peoples.

1. VARDHAMAN COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING
ppt
presentation by
B.Manoj kumar
ECE-A

2. Importance of forests
Forests provide important products for human use
and consumption, and they provide valuable
ecosystem services. Let's look at each in turn.
Forest Products
 In poor areas where wood is scarce, people, usually women,
walk long distances to gather wood for cooking.

3.  Forests provide useful wood products. Round wood (whole logs)
can be processed into building materials, or made into plywood
products, furniture, etc. Pulp is used not only for paper and boxes,
but for a wide variety of products (including the “sponge” you used
to wash your dishes).
 Forests are the source of numerous non-wood products, including
bark, dyes, fibers, gums, incense, latexes, oils, resins, shellac,
tanning compounds & waxes. Fruits, nuts and berries are harvested
as food. Maple syrup is an example of a unique non-wood product
from the sap of the maple tree.

6. Deforestation
 Deforestation is the permanent destruction
of indigenous forests and woodlands. The
term does not include the removal of
industrial forests such as plantations of
gums or pines. Deforestation has resulted
in the reduction of indigenous forests to
four-fifths of their pre-agricultural area.
Indigenous forests now cover 21% of the
earth's land surface.

12. Causes of deforestation
 Logging
 Mining
 Oil and gas extraction
 Cattle ranching
 Agriculture: Cash crops
 Local, National, and International factors:
development, land titles, government subsidies to
attract corporations into developing countries, trade
agreements (NAFTA, CAFTA), civil wars, debt, lack of
resources, and lack of law enforcement.

14. Effects of deforestation
Extinctions (loss of biodiversity of microbes (bacteria),
plants, insects, animals, indigenous peoples, etc.
Habitat fragmentation. This disturbes the animals'
habitat and may force them to enter habitats which are
already occupied. This can pose many problems such as
territorial conflicts, homelessness (loss of habitat), lack
of food availability, migration disturbances, etc.
Soil erosion occurs when trees and plants are removed;
the rain water washes the nutrients in the top soil away.

15. Desertification (dry, hot, arid conditions).
Edge effects can change microclimates (small climates)
which affect endemic species (native species which can
only live in specific environmental and habitat
conditions).
Climate change (more carbon dioxide is released into the
atmosphere, thus increasing the effects of global
warming).
Pollution (ground, water and air pollution from oil
extraction and mining chemicals).
Changes in watershed geomorphology.

17. Impacts of deforestation
Loss of culture (indigenous peoples subsistence
living in the rainforest). People who live in the
rainforest depend on the natural environment for
food, shelter, materials for cooking, clothing,
etc. If the forest is cut down or if their
environment becomes polluted from oil
extraction and mining, they are forced to move or
risk starvation and sickness.
Displacement of people (loss of farmland, forest
resources, etc).

18. Social conflicts and struggles over land and
natural resources.
Conflicts over racial and ethnic rights.
Poisoning from oil and mining waste.
Economic uncertainty (price fluctuations and high
interest rates on outstanding international loans
with The World Bank and International Monetary
Fund.