NewZealand and AustraliaAgendaLecturePrimary source analysis[post response toBlackboard]HW:no reading quiz--read Ross“Intro” and prepare discussionquestions for Tuesday’s class (I’llemail these out tomorrow)prepare presentations https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/videos/798-tectonic-plates ClimateFauna Species New ZealandIslands had birds, lizards,sea mammals, and batsLess diverse than otherPacific islandsadaptiveradiationBut abundant numbers AustraliaGondwana’smarsupialsandmonotremesFirst placental mammalswere humans 60,000y.a.few new plant/animal species after 80 million yearsago Aborigines, Land & AnimalsLargelyforested continent fedmegafauna (100 kg+ animals)returned nutrients tosoilMany theories about megafaunacollapseNo grazing placental mammals orcrops = remained semi nomadichunter-gatherersUse of fire = formed scrublandscapeattractive to Britishsettlers Polynesians, Land & Animals13/14thcenturies: Maori arrival in NZPlentiful animals = protein boost & massive population growthFlora not adapted to fireMaori hunting fires madegrasslandsDebate: 15thc. societal collapse/fighting OR transition toagriculture? Europeans in Oceania16thcentury:Spanish andPortuguese arrived17thcentury: DutchdisplacedTasman exploredAustralia, part ofNew ZealandAll explorerswanted spices fromMolucca islands(modern: Indonesia) James Cook (1728-79)Three voyages in OceaniaScientific (categorizingspecies, observing Venustransit)Secret instructions:discover southerncontinentInfluenced British ideas ofAU and NZKilled on Hawaii Don Gardenargues Australiaexploited because:ChristianityCapitalismContempt New Zealand “So well was groundtilldthat Ihave seldom seen even in thegardens of curious (“careful”)people land better brokedown…” sweet potatoes“ranged in rows… all laid by aline most regularly” and othervegetables “set in small hollowsor dishes much as we do inEngland.”–Joseph Banksbotanistonboard Endeavor New ZealandMaori seen as working,therefore owning landMore readily assimilatedCouldn’t just take landNevertheless: differentideas of ownershipResult: confusion amongBrits how to purchaseland Primary Source Reflection on Blackboard:1.What differences do you see in descriptions–cite specificexamples? [4 pts]2.What impression does Cook have of each group? How can youtell? [4 pts]3.How do you think this influenced Europeans’ treatment of peopleor land at each location? Why do you think that was? [4 pts]4.Respond to a classmate’s post [4points]Whydo you agreeor disagreewith their assessment? Wouldyou point out anything in Cook’s descriptions that yourclassmate perhaps missed that may change her or his opinionof what the source reveals? The Tropics and ExtractionAgendaLectureWork with groups onpresentationread BannerIntroduction&Australia, TerraNullisby DesignonBlackboardReading ComprehensionQuiz #7all short answerresponseprep presentation (1.5weeks)European Colonization, 1945 Northerncontinent Torrid zone Theoretical southerncontinent(“Antichthones”orterraaustralis)World ...

1. NewZealand and AustraliaAgendaLecturePrimary source
analysis[post response toBlackboard]HW:no reading quiz--read
Ross“Intro” and prepare discussionquestions for Tuesday’s class
(I’llemail these out tomorrow)prepare presentations
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/videos/798-tectonic-plates
ClimateFauna Species
New ZealandIslands had birds, lizards,sea mammals, and
abundant numbers
AustraliaGondwana’smarsupialsandmonotremesFirst placental
mammalswere humans 60,000y.a.few new plant/animal species
after 80 million yearsago
Aborigines, Land & AnimalsLargelyforested continent
theories about megafaunacollapseNo grazing placental mammals
orcrops = remained semi nomadichunter-gatherersUse of fire =
Polynesians, Land & Animals13/14thcenturies: Maori arrival in
NZPlentiful animals = protein boost & massive population
grow
madegrasslandsDebate: 15thc. societal collapse/fighting OR
transition toagriculture?
Europeans in Oceania16thcentury:Spanish andPortuguese
arrived17thcentury: DutchdisplacedTasman exploredAustralia,
part ofNew ZealandAll explorerswanted spices fromMolucca
islands(modern: Indonesia)
James Cook (1728-79)Three voyages in OceaniaScientific
(categorizingspecies, observing Venustransit)Secret
instructions:discover southerncontinentInfluenced British ideas
ofAU and NZKilled on Hawaii
Don Gardenargues Australiaexploited
because:ChristianityCapitalismContempt
New Zealand
“So well was groundtilldthat Ihave seldom seen even in
thegardens of curious (“careful”)people land better

2. brokedown…” sweet potatoes“ranged in rows… all laid by aline
most regularly” and othervegetables “set in small hollowsor
dishes much as we do inEngland.”–Joseph
Banksbotanistonboard Endeavor
New ZealandMaori seen as working,therefore owning landMore
readily assimilatedCouldn’t just take landNevertheless:
differentideas of ownershipResult: confusion amongBrits how to
purchaseland
Primary Source Reflection on Blackboard:1.What differences do
you see in descriptions–cite specificexamples? [4 pts]2.What
impression does Cook have of each group? How can youtell? [4
pts]3.How do you think this influenced Europeans’ treatment of
peopleor land at each location? Why do you think that was? [4
pts]4.Respond to a classmate’s post [4points]Whydo you
agreeor disagreewith their assessment? Wouldyou point out
anything in Cook’s descriptions that yourclassmate perhaps
missed that may change her or his opinionof what the source
reveals?
The Tropics and ExtractionAgendaLectureWork with groups
onpresentationread BannerIntroduction&Australia,
TerraNullisby DesignonBlackboardReading ComprehensionQuiz
(1.5weeks)European Colonization, 1945
Northerncontinent
Torrid zone
Theoretical
southerncontinent(“Antichthones”orterraaustralis)World view
Traditional AgricultureAfter thousands of years,
improvedsustainabilitySelf-sufficientSmall scaleLarge
varietyLow technological stressEuropeans stressed this
systemIndonesiaLow-lyingland(coasts)=
riceagricultureHighlands(central) =shiftingagricultureand
hunting/gathering
Dutch in IndonesiaImposed export quotasControlled price,
wages, and trade ofcommoditiesPeasantsreducedown food
cropsCleared land to produce cropsFluctuating prices =

3. benzoinabaca
camphorpulses
cutchpetroleum
eaglewoodtortoiseshell
rattanzinc
sagorayskins
sappanwoodsaltpeter
(land, slave labor, climate)Necessary for cropsLong harvest
times = risky market = onlylarge businesses could manageCrop
demand fluctuatedSugar/toba
machines need
British IndiaEconomic needmeets political andcultural
ideologiesRobert Clivetakes over BengalLegitimate ruleImpose
lawsTake care of‘children’ IndiansRationalize use
oflandConsequences of Tropical ExploitationIntegrated tropical
justificationLong-term dependence on unstable globalforces that
they don’t controlHomeworkread
BannerIntroduction&Australia, TerraNullisby
answerresponsein-class presentations in 1.5 weeks (next
Thurs)In-class presentation: Thurs Oct 17thEach group will read
theIntroductionANDone chapterfromRossEcology and Power in
the Age of Empire[postedunder: Course
minutes & discusses1.Structure(how is the chapter organized–
why is this the organization?Chronological? Thematic? How
does this support his argument?)10 pts2.Arguments:What is this
chapter about? Why did empires do what theydid? What does he
say about the environmental impact of this process?How does it
relate to ‘ecology and power?’ Do we see any changes inthis
process during its history? Why or why not?15
pts3.Evidence:what primary and secondary sources does he cite?

4. Give afew examples of each and analyze how those sources
support or limit hisargument? Are they from the perspective of
the ‘colonizers’ or‘colonized’? Are the secondary sources
mostly older (before the 1970s)or newer (after the 1970s)?10
pts4.Class connection:how does this chapter relate to the class
generally?Connect to a few lectures and a few readings15 pts