THIS PRESENTAION CONNSISTING OF X RAY ARTIFACTS AND THERE APROPRETE CORRECTIVE MEASURES WELL.AND EXPLAINED EACH AND EVERY TERM MAGNIFFICILENTLLY.DIFFERNCE BETWEEN ERRORS AND ARTIFACTS .AND CLASSIFICATION OF ARTIFACTS ITS COMMON CAUSES

1. ARTIFACTS IN X-RAY
VANI PUSHPA
MRIT 1ST YEAR
REG.NO 210513027

2.  Any appearance/opacity on a radiograph which doesn’t
represents an actual anatomic structure within the patient
being radiographed.
WHAT IS ARTIFACTS ?

3. ARTIFACTS(US) OR ARTEFACTS (EUROPEAN)

4. ERRORS VS ARTIFACTS
ERRORS ARTIFACTS
 Errors occurred by a human
being i.e., by patient or by
technologist
 Errors can be avoided by
technologist.
 Artifacts occurred, even
thought we give 100% effort.
 Artifacts may be avoided

5. COMMON CAUSES
• Improper handling of the films
• While processing the films
• Patient movement while taking the image

6. Patient related
artifacts
Motion/blurred Artifact
Radiopaque Objects
Dust /powder
Processing
related artifacts
Stitching Artifacts
Malfunctioning
rollers
Unit related
artifacts
Ghosting Artifact
Communication error
artifact
Inappropriate exposure
Light bulb effect
Under exposure
Over exposure
Grid artifact
Grid cutoff
TYPES

7. MOTION ARTIFACT
• Movement of a patient or cassette or x ray tube head during
exposure will result in a
• Blurred image
• Poor clarity
Radiographic errors and artifacts

8. Strategy :
• The operator should explain the patient and remind him/ her to
remain motionless during exposure.
• Sedation
• Stable x ray cassette
• Stable x ray unit

9. TWIN/DOUBLE EXPOSURE
• Superimposition of two
structures from different
locations due to double
exposure of same film/plate
Strategy :
• Prefer immediate processing
• Avoid placing exposed
cassettes in area of unexposed
cassettes.
• Proper erasing of cassettes
Radiographic errors and artifacts

10. If a cassette is exposed and laid aside for later processing , unfortunately
the operator may pick the cassette which is already exposed and use it
again. This result in double exposure.
Another error?

11. RADIOPAQUE OBJECTS
• Radiopaque objects on/external to the
patient (e.g. Jewelry,(buttons), hair
(ponytail, hair braids) hearing aid etc.).
• Implants
Strategy :
• All things should be removed before
placing of the film
• Collection of history
Radiographic errors and artifacts

12. GHOSTING ARTIFACT
• Latent image from previous
exposure present on current
exposure
Strategy :
• Proper erasing of cassette
• Biomedical
Computed Radiography Image Artifacts Revisited : American Journal of Roentgenology : Vol. 196, No. 1 (AJR) (ajronline.org)

13. STITCHING ARTIFACTS
• Occur when two separate DR/CR
(digital/computed radiography)
images are merged into a single
image.

14. INAPPROPRIATE EXPOSURE
• Image shows underexposed
grainy radiograph of kidney and
upper bladder in which quantum
mottle is evident and image
quality is degraded.
Strategy :
• Increasing milliampere seconds

15. Under exposure Over exposure
• Too low mAs or kVp • Too high mAs r KVp
• Body size high • Body size low
• Increased FFD • Decreased FFD
• Under development • Over development
Strategy : Maintaining proper exposure techniques according to
anatomy of imaging, patient’s body thickness.

16. Under exposure Over exposure

17. GRID CUTOFF
• Grid is not aligned with the beam.
• Loss of primary radiation as a result of
undesirable absorption.
• Too light and less contrast image.
Strategy:
• Check the grid alignment
• Tube head
Radiographic artifacts

18. LIGHT BULB EFFECT.
• Darkening occurs because of either high peak kilovoltage technique
used in obese patients or improper collimation.
ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563
Strategy : 1. Maintaining exposure techniques.
2. Collimation should corrected.

19. DUST/POWDER
• Artifacts due to dust particles on imaging plate. Radiographs of right
elbow joint and left thigh show radiopacities overlying soft tissues, which
mimic soft-tissue calcification or foreign bodies but are actually due to
dust over imaging plate.
• Debris in the housing caused by the collimator tube can cause small
trapezoidal regions.
jronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

20. Strategy : 1. Imaging plates should cleaned periodically.
2. If any foreign objects such as talcum power or
deodorants applied on patients skin causes
this artifacts, so they should cleaned before examination

21. DOT ARTIFACT
• The identification dot produce a circular radiolucent artifact on a
final radiograph. This may interfere with interpretation of the
apical are of the teeth.

22. RETICULATION ARTIFACT
(ORANGE PEEL APPEARANCE)
• When the films subjected to a sudden temperature changes
between the developer and water appears as a cracked film/
(Orange peel appearance
Cracked appearance
Orange peel appearance
Strategy : Maintain the required temperature in solutions.

23. DISPARITY ARTIFACT
• This artifact occurs because of
malfunction of roller in computed
radiography reader, causing defective
scanning and resulting in alteration in
image contrast.
• In upper and lower half of chest
radiograph. Lower half of chest
radiograph was exposed to laser beam
for longer time, which resulted in
brighter image output that image
suboptimal.
• Strategy : Required QA
ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

24. • Damage of imaging plate due to rollers. Chest
radiograph shows linear radiopacities along right
lateral chest wall. One can easily misdiagnose.
https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563
Chest radiograph shows multiple scattered
Radiopacities (white arrows) overlying soft
Tissues of left upper abdomen due to dirt
Over localized area on rollers. These can
Be misdiagnosed as soft-tissue calcification.
There is another radiopacity (black arrow)
Overlying right hypochondrium mimicking
Gallbladder calculus, which is actually caused by
Roller damage to image plate

25. MALFUNCTIONING ROLLERS
• Anterior half of lateral skull radiograph
is not visualized because slipping of
feed rollers, resulting image being half
read (black arrow). Radiopaque line
(white arrow) is plate reader artifact
• Strategy : maintain equipment
periodically.
ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

26. COMMUNICATION ERROR
ARTIFACT
• lower part of radiograph of knee
joint was not visualized because of
missing lines or pixels. transmission
of image was truncated because of
sudden power failure.
ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

27. GRID ARTIFACT
• Improper grid usage leading to moire
pattern.
• Radiograph of pelvis shows wavy
radiolucent lines, resulting in
suboptimal image.
Strategy :
• Grid should be maintained properly.
• Careful exposure
American Journal of Roentgenology : Vol. 196, No. 1 (AJR) (ajronline.org)

28. ERRORS

29. 1.MARKS AND PRINTS
• Pressure marks
• Abrasion marks
• Hanger marks
• Flow marks
• Bending of films
• Finger marks or prints
• Sticking of films
• Stains

30. 2.SPOTS AND SPLASHES
• Dark spots
• Light spots
• Splashes
• Patchiness
• Finger nail scratches

31. CONCLUSION
MOST RADIOGRAPHIC ARTIFACTS CAN BE PREVENTED BY
• PROPER STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FILMS
• PROVIDE OPTIMUM ENVIRONMENT FOR SOLUTIONS
• INSTRUCTIONS TO PATIENTS
• EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE
• CAREFUL ATTENTION TO DARKROOM CLEANLINESS
• REGULARLY SCHEDULED PROCESSOR MAINTENANCE
• CHEMICAL REPLENISHMENT
• DAILY QUALITY ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES

32. LETS WORK TOGETHER FOR WELLNESS
NOT FOR ILLNESS