This document discusses opportunities for company secretaries related to intellectual property rights. It provides an overview of the objectives of the seminar, which are to understand opportunities for CS in IPR, the importance of IPR and patents, and procedures for protecting different types of intellectual properties. It then describes some specific opportunities for a CS working as a consultant or with a company, such as advising on IPR protection and preparing applications. The document also provides a basic introduction to intellectual property rights in India including the main types of IPRs and procedures for obtaining patents.

1. Professional Opportunities, Patent Act and
GI Act
R. P. Yadav
Founder & Managing Partner
sr4ipr Partners
Patent & Trade Mark Attorneys
August 8, 2022 © R. P. Yadav 1

2. Objectives of the seminar
 To know about the opportunities for CS in respect of
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).
 To know about importance of intellectual property
rights (IPRs) and patent.
 To understand the procedures of protecting different
kinds of intellectual properties (IPs).
 To clarify doubts, misunderstanding and uncertainties
about the IPs and IPRs.
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3. Opportunities for a company secretory (CS)
 If a CS is working as a company consultant then following
opportunities are there;
 A CS can advise his / her client about the protection of
the intellectual properties (Patent, Trade Mark, Design,
Copyright and Geographical Indications)
 A CS can prepare applications for the registration
design, copyright and / or GI and can file these
applications at the respective offices for his / her client
after getting these signed by the clients.
 Some time a CS is also an advocate then in that case the
CS can sign all the above mentioned IP applications
himself / herself and can file the IP registration
applications at the respective IP offices.
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4. Opportunities for a company secretory (CS)
 Unfortunately a CS can not sign any document to be
filed at the Patent Office unless he / she is registered
patent agent / attorney.
 And if a CS is working with a company as a Company
Secretory then he / she can advise the company about the
protection of the IPRs and for that a CS should have basic
knowledge about the IPRs.
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5. Introduction, IP and IPR
 Intellectual Property (IP) - is a property created by a person
/ persons using his / her own intellect for ultimate use in
commerce and which is not available in the public domain.
 Examples of IP are, an invention relating to a product or
process, a new design of an article, a literary or artistic work
and a trademark (a word, a symbol and / or a logo, etc.),
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6. Introduction continue ..
 Intellectual Property Right (IPR) is the statutory
right granted by the Government, to applicant(s)
or owner(s) of an intellectual property (IP) to
exclude others from exploiting the IP
commercially for a given period of time, in lieu of
the discloser of his/her IP in an IPR application.
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7. Importance of IPRs in general
Why should an IP be protected?
 IP is an assets and can be exploited by the owner
for commercial gains
 IP owner can stop others from manufacturing and
selling products and services which are dully
protected by the IP owner
 IP owner can sell and/or license the IP for
commercial gains
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8. Importance of IPRs cont. ..
 IP can be used to establish the goodwill and brand
value in the market.
 Inventor, creator or author of an IP can mention
about the IP in his/her resumes and thus show
their competence
 IPR certificate establishes legal and valid
ownership about an intellectual property
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9. Kinds of IPRs
IPRs are protected in accordance with the provisions of the
corresponding legislations of a country. In India, IPRs can be
protected and monopolized under the provisions of
different Acts, mainly, for example,
1- The Patent Act, 1970, 2- The Designs Act, 2000, 3- The
Trade Mark Act, 1999, 4- The Geographical Indications of
Goods Act, 1999, 5- The Copyright Act, 1957, 6- Protection
of Integrated Circuits Layout and Designs Act, 2000, 7-
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001,
and also Trade Secret
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10. Kinds of IPRs Cont. ..
 Patent (to protect technologies - The Patent Act)
 Trade Mark (to protect words, signs, logos, labels –The
Trade Mark Act)
 Design (to protect outer ornamental configuration –The
Designs Act)
 Geographical Indications (GI) (to protect region specific
product –The Geographical Indications of Goods Act)
 Copyright (to protect literary and artistic work –The
Copyright Act)
All kinds of IPRs are territorial rights
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11. Patent
 Patent is an exclusive monopoly right granted to an
applicant/patentee by the Govt., for a limited period to
practice the invention (manufacture, use and sale), in lieu
of the information (best known method) disclosed to the
Govt. with regard to an invention.
 The Patent confers rights to the patentee to exploit the
patent for commercial gains and also to stop others from
manufacturing, and selling the patented products/process.
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12. Patent continue ..
 An invention in general mans a new discovery,
relating to a product (machine) or process, even to an
existing module or idea.
• An invention according to Indian Patent Act [Section
2(1)(j)] means:
i- a new product or process;
ii- involving an inventive step; and
iii- Capable of industrial application.
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13. Patent continue ..
Therefore any:
- product (e.g. device, machine, composition)
- process (used for preparing a tangible product), is
patentable;
Only if the product or process is:
- new (novel)
- involving an inventive step (non-obvious) and is
- of industrial use (useful)
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14. Patent continue ..
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15. Patent Continue ..
Procedure for grant of a patent?
 Filing a patent application along with the required documents,
 Publication of the patent application (18 months publication),
 Filing a request for examination,
 Filing a pre-grant opposition by an interested person,
 Examination of the patent application based on the turn of the
request for examination,
 Filing reply to comply with the requirements of the objections
raised by the patent office,
 Attending hearing, if any,
 Acceptance or rejection of the patent application,
 Publication grant of the patent application,
 Filing a post-grant opposition by an interested person,
 Grant of patent
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16. Patent Continue ..
 Documents required to file a patent application
 Application form (Form 1),
 Specification (Form 2),
 Drawings (if needed to describe the invention clearly and
sufficiently),
 Undertaking under section 8 (form 3),
 Declaration of inventorship (Form 5, in case complete
specification is filed after provisional),
 Document to claim priority (in case of a conventional
application), and
 Power of Authority (if the patent application is filed through
a patent attorney)
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17. Patent Continue ..
Patent specification; two types
1. Provisional Specification -comprises mainly little
 description regarding the invention,
2. Complete specification –comprises
i. Description and ii. Claims
 i. Description(technology section)
- Describes the BEST MODE, in detail, which the
inventor considers for practicing the invention
- Enables others skilled in the art to make and use the
invention without undue experimentation
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18. Patent continue ..
ii. Claims (legal section)
- KEY to all patents
- Protects legal rights of the patentee
- Defines the legal boundaries of the granted
exclusive rights, i.e., determines exactly what the
inventor is entitled to exploit commercially and
exclude others from practicing (making, using,
selling, importing and/or offering for sale)
inventor’s invention.
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19. Patent Continue ..
Who can apply for a patent?
 A true and first inventor who holds the
rightful ownership in the invention
 A person who is an assignee/legal
representative of the first and true inventor
 A legal heir of the first and true inventor in
case of demise of the true and first inventor.
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20. Patent Continue ..
Where to file a patent application?
 Patent Office Delhi -The States of Haryana, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, National Capital Territory of Delhi
and the Union Territory of Chandigarh.
 Patent Office Mumbai-The States of Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Chhattisgarh, the
Union Territories of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar
Haveli.
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21. Patent Continue ..
 Patent Office Chennai -The States of Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the
Union Territories of Pondicherry and Lakshadweep.
 Patent Office Kolkata -Rest of India (States of Bihar,
Orissa, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya,
Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and
Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
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22. Patent Continue ..
 Term (life) of a patent
The term of the patent according to the amended
Patent Act is 20 years from the date of patent.
 Govt. fee for filing a patent application
 The Government fee in India for filing a patent application
is as follows;
 1. Individual -Rs.16o0/-,
 2. Other than individual, like MSME -Rs. 4o00/-, and
 3. Pvt. and / or Public Ltd. Company -Rs. 8o00/-
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23. Patent Continue ..
Opposition of a patent - Section 25 of the Patent Act
a) Applicant – wrongly obtained the invention ….
b) Publication before priority date of patent application.
c) Prior claiming
d) Invention publicly known
e) Obvious – no inventive step
f) No invention as per the Patent Act
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24. Patent Continue ..
Opposition of a patent ..
a) Invention not described clearly and sufficiently
b) Undertaking under sec. 8, about foreign filing
c) Convention application not filed in 12 months
d) No disclosure about source or geographical origin
e) Anticipation – traditional knowledge
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25. Patent Continue ..
Revocation of a patent
 Yes, a patent cab be revoked, at any time, on the similar
grounds as applicable in case of an opposition. The
revocation application is to be filed at the office of the
Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) established
by the Govt. of India under the provisions of the
amended Patent Act.
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26. Patent continue ..
 What is PCT and how is a PCT application
initiated?
 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is an International
treaty which provides facility, to an applicant of the
member country, to file a single patent application and
designate the countries in which the applicant wants
to protect the invention. This is known as
international phase of the patent application filed
under PCT.
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27. Patent continue ..
 Where can a PCT application be filed?
 A PCT application can be filed by the applicant either
at the national receiving office in his/her own country
or at the office of international Bureau (WIPO),
Geneva.
 The applicant can claim the date of filing as the
priority date in other countries during national phase
entry.
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28. Patent continue ..
What is not patentable?
 An invention contrary to well established natural
laws, for example perpetual motion, gravitational
force etc..
 An invention contrary to laws of public health
and morality, for example, toxic drugs, food
items, drinks, etc..
 Mere discovery of scientific principles or
formulations of an abstract theories or mere
discovery of any living thing or non-living
substance occurring in nature.
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29. Patent Continue ..
What is not patentable cont. ..?
 Mere discovery of any new property or new use
for known substance unless the efficacy of that
substance is increased or mere use of a known
process or machine
 Substance obtained by mere ad mixture resulting
only in the aggregation of the properties of the
components - no new product
 Mere arrangement or rearrangement of the
known devices working independently in a
known manner
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30. Patent Continue ..
What is not patentable cont. ..?
 A method for agriculture and horticulture
 Any methods of treatment of human beings, or
animals
 Plants and animals in whole or any part thereof
other than microorganism0
 A mathematical or business method or a
computer program per se or algorithms
 A literary, dramatic, musical, artistic work, etc.
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31. Patent Continue ..
What is not patentable cont. ..?
 A mere scheme or rule or method of performing
mental act or method of playing game
 A presentation of information
 Topography or integrated circuits
 An invention relating to the traditional
knowledge
 An invention relating to Atomic Energy (Sect. 4)
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32. Quiz
Which of the following is patentable?
 An abstract idea: transporter
 A law of nature: gravity
 A natural phenomenon: lightning, earthquake
 Mathematical algorithms per se: quadratic formula
 Isolation of a microorganism present in nature.
 A mere admixture of the known substances not
resulting into a new product.
 Mere arrangement or rearrangement of the known
device working inter-dependently.
 A microorganism isolated from a natural product.
 Treatment of human being or plant.
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33. Quiz Cont. ..
 Discovery of new use or new property of a known
substance.
 A genetically modified microorganism by human
intervention.
 Discovery of new living thing or non-living substance
available in nature.
 Computer program per-se.
 A literary or artistic work.
 Method of presentation.
 An invention relating to atomic energy.
 An invention relating to traditional knowledge.
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34. Patent
Q & A
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35. Geographical Indications
 Geographical Indication (GI) means an indication of
goods as originating, produced, processed or prepared
in a specific geographical area or territory of a country,
where a given quality, reputation or other
characteristics of such goods are essentially
attributable to its geographical origin.
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36. Examples of GI
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37. Examples of GI – Conti. ..
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38. Examples of GI – Conti. ..
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39. G I Continue ..
Importance of GI
The GI is important because it;
 provides a particular indication (mark and/or
logo) to be used by the people(s) of that area who
are involved in producing a unique product
having unique properties and/or advantages;
 helps a purchaser or user of the goods to identify
the goods manufactured and/or produced in a
particular geography;
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40. Importance of GI cont ..
 helps the manufactures and/or producers of that
area to establish goodwill in the market with
regard to their goods and/or product;
 owner of the GI can stop use and adoption of the
same GI, and/or deceptively similar GI to the
registered GI, by any person(s) not authorized by
the owner even of the same area for which the GI
has been registered.
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41. G I Continue ..
What can be registered as a GI?
 Any name, geographical or figurative
representation or any combination thereof
conveying or suggesting the geographical origin
of the goods to which it applies.
What is not registered as a GI?
 Following are not registerable as a GI;
 the use of which would be likely to deceive or cause
confusion; or
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42. Not registerable as GI cont. ..
 the use of which would be contrary to any law for the
time being in force; or
 which comprises or contains scandalous or obscene
matter; or
 which comprises or contains any matter likely to heart
the religious sentiments of any class or section of the
citizens of India; or
 which would otherwise be disentitled to protection in
a court; or
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43. Not registerable as GI cont. ..
 generic names or indications of goods and are,
therefore, not or ceased to be protected in their
country of origin or which fallen into disuse in that
country; or
 which although literally true as to the territory, region
or locality in which the goods originate, but falsely
represents that the goods originates another territory,
region or locality, as the case may be,
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44. G I Continue ..
Who can apply for the registration of a GI?
 An association of producers or an organization
or authority established by or under any law,
representing interests of the producers of the
concerned goods and desirous to register a GI in
relation to such goods, can apply for the
registration of a GI.
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45. G I Continue ..
What are the particulars needed to file a GI
application?
 Mainly following particulars are needed;
 representations of any name, geographical or
figurative representation or any combination thereof
conveying or suggesting the geographical origin of
the goods to which it applies,
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46. Particulars needed Continue ..
 statement as to how the GI serves to designate
the goods, as originating from the concerned
territory or region of the country, in respect of
specific quality, reputation or other
characteristics which are due to exclusively or
essentially to the geographical environment with
its inherent natural and human factors,
 the geographical map of the area,
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47. Particulars needed Continue ..
 statement containing particulars of the
producers,
 other particulars as prescribed in the
application form, and
 A power of authority, if the application is being
filed through a patent attorney.
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48. G I Continue ..
What is the Govt. fee to file a GI registration
application?
 The Government fee to file a design application is
only Rs. 5000.00 (Five Thousand, only).
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49. G I Continue ..
Who can use a GI?
 Only the person(s), who has/have been authorized
by the registered owner of the GI and particulars of
whom have been incorporated in Part B of the
Register of GI at the office of GI, can use the GI.
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50. G I Continue ..
What is the life (term) of a GI?
 The GI is registered for a period of 10 years, initially
and can be renewed from time to time. Thus, a GI
can be kept in force so long as it is renewed in a
timely manner every after 10 year’s interval.
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51. G I Continue ..
Can a GI registration be opposed?
 Yes, registration of GI can be opposed by any
person within three months from the date of
advertisement of an application for registration,
in a prescribed manner and with a prescribed
fee. The person (opponent) has to file a notice
of opposition in writing in a prescribed manner
and with the prescribed fee.
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52. G I Continue ..
Is it possible to re-register a registered GI?
 Yes, a GI can be re-registered for different goods
included in different classes by the registered owner of
the GI.
Is it possible to restore a GI, if removed from the
register, due to non-payment of the renewal fee?
 Yes, a GI can be restored by filing a request ,in a
prescribed manner with the prescribed fee and in the
prescribed time period, to restore the GI.
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53. G I Continue ..
What is the effect of registration of a GI?
 The registration of a “GI” grants legal rights to
stop unauthorized use of the registered GI even
by the people of that geographical area.
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54. GI
Q & A
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55. Thank You
 Contact details;
 E-mails –rpyadav@sr4ipr.in , and
 rpyadav.ipr@gmail.com
 Mob. : 91 -9717 333 11 2
 Visit us : www.sr4ipr.in
August 8, 2022 © R. P. Yadav 55