3. Chapter 3 : Cell Membrane TransportationTopic Outlines 3.1 Movement of molecules in & out of cells 3.1.1 Types of movement 3.2 Passive transport 3.2.1Definition 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example 3.3 Active Transport 3.3.1 Principles & example of active transport 3.4 Vesicular transport 3.4.1 Principles & example of active transport © 2010 Cosmopoint

5. To understand the scope of biology and human genetics which includes the study of cell, structure of cell, division of cells, genetic materials, mutation and common genetic condition.

6. To acquire knowledge according diseases caused by genetic mutation.

7. To understand basic techniques involved in biology laboratory.

8. To understand laboratory hazards and step to ensure safety in biology procedure. © 2010 Cosmopoint

9. Chapter 3 : Cell Membrane TransportationLearning Outcomes After completing this lecture, students will be able to: (a) List out the types of cell membrane’s transport (b) Describe passive transport Diffusion Osmosis (c) Explain active transport Sodium/Potassium Pump (d) Summarize vesicular transport Exocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint

11. Active Transport

12. Vascular Transport(a) Endocytosis (b) Exocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint

14. - osmosis

15. - Facilitated diffusion© 2010 Cosmopoint

16. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.1/3.2.2 : Passive Transport/Definition Characteristics © 2010 Cosmopoint

18. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example © 2010 Cosmopoint

20. Distance of diffusion

21. Area of diffusion

22. Size of diffusing molecules© 2010 Cosmopoint

24. Follows the concentration gradient& no energyis needed© 2010 Cosmopoint

26. Spontaneous, as a result of a downhill energy system called ‘water potential’

27. Water moves from an area of higher potentialto an area of lower water potential

28. Water potential= the tendency for water molecules to enter or leave a solution by osmosis© 2010 Cosmopoint

29. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example A high concentration of waterA lower concentration of water © 2010 Cosmopoint

31. Isotonic medium – a solution with exactly the same water concentration as the cell – there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane

32. Hypertonic medium – a concentrated solution, with a lower water concentration if compared with the cell – the cell will loose water by osmosis© 2010 Cosmopoint

33. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example © 2010 Cosmopoint

35. From an area of low concentrationto an area of high concentration

36. Involves carrier proteinsin membranes

37. The cell uses active transport in three situations:(a) when a particle is going from low to high concentration (b) when particles need help entering the membrane because they are selectively impermeable (c) when very large particles enter and exit the cell © 2010 Cosmopoint

39. Each type of carrier protein is specific for one type of substance to carry

40. It will go against concentration gradient

41. The process will only stopwhen there is no moreof the substance to transport© 2010 Cosmopoint

43. Cellular respiration must occur to add the phosphate back to ADP, thus restoring the ATP© 2010 Cosmopoint

44. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.3.1:Principles & example of active transport Sodium Potassium Pump © 2010 Cosmopoint

45. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.3.1:Principles & example of active transport Sodium Potassium Pump © 2010 Cosmopoint

47. Outside the cells (extracellular), the are high concentrations of sodium & low concentrations of potassium

48.  diffusion occurs through ion channels in the plasma membrane

49. Eg. Neuron & muscle© 2010 Cosmopoint

52. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Endocytosis Uptake of substances by cell en mass or in bulk in the form of vesicle Two types: (a) phagocytosis (b) Pinocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint

54. Solid substances or whole organisms are brought inside the cell by invagination (an infolding of the cell membrane)

55. A vacuole is formed, the inner surface of which is derived from the outer surface of the cell surface membrane

56. Eg. Amoeba, white blood cells (phagocytes) perform phagocytosis© 2010 Cosmopoint

57. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Phagocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint

58. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Pinocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint

60. Transportof materials out of a cell

61. Materials to be exported must first be enclosed in a membrane vesicle, usually from the rough endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus eg. hormones & digestive enzymes & residue indigested microorganisms from the intracellular digestion by lysosomes

62. Eg. Secretion of mucus or hormones© 2010 Cosmopoint

63. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Exocytosis Hormones & digestive enzymes are secreted by exocytosis from the secretory cells of the intestine & endocrine glands. Vesicles & vacuoles move to the cell surface membrane, fuse with it & release their contents to the outside © 2010 Cosmopoint

64. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Summary © 2010 Cosmopoint