Introduction to data classification. Back to origins: history of libraries and their classification methods. Some examples of classification in different areas.

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Frieda Brioschi - frieda.brioschi@gmail.com
Emma Tracanella - emma.tracanella@gmail.com
INFORMATION CLASSIFICATION
LESSON 3 - 2019/20

2. WITH YOUR DATA MANIPULATION
LET’S START

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PRESENT YOUR DATA(SET)

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NEXT STEP
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DATA ORGANIZATION
Organizing data is very difficult. There are many ways that you can do it. Actually,
there is an infinite number of options that you can take to organize the data
properly. There are people who have issues with data organization simply
because of the huge volumes that it presents itself in.
There is a world of difference between designing the database and the data
organization itself. How will the data be organized in the database?
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METHODS
1. location
2. alphabetically
3. chronologically
4. with hierarchies
5. using categories
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LOCATION
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LOCATION
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ALPHABETICALLY
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CHRONOLOGICALLY
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HIERARCHICALLY
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WITH CATEGORIES
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13. LIBRARIES
A JUMP INTO THE HISTORY OF
PHOTO BY JAREDD CRAIG ON UNSPLASH

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HISTORY
The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections
of documents.
Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials,
arrangement and finding tools, the book trade, the influence of the physical
properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education,
rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for specially targeted audiences,
architectural merit, patterns of usage, and the role of libraries in a nation's cultural
heritage, and the role of government, church or private sponsorship.
Since the 1960s, issues of computerization and digitization have arisen.
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CATALOGING
The function of the catalog is to identify all the items in a collection and to group
like items together.
All the great libraries of the ancient world seem to have had lists and inventories,
whether kept on clay, stone, papyrus, parchment, palm leaves, or bamboo strips.
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LIBRARY OF ASHURBANIPAL
Ashurbanipal (reigned 668–c. 627 BC), the last of the great
kings of Assyria, maintained an archive of some 25,000
tablets, comprising transcripts and texts systematically
collected from temples throughout his kingdom.
The tablets were stored in a variety of containers such as
wooden boxes, woven baskets of reeds, or clay shelves. The
"libraries" were cataloged using colophons, which are a
publisher's imprint on the spine of a book, or in this case a
tablet. The colophons stated the series name, the title of the
tablet, and any extra information the scribe needed to indicate.
Eventually, the clay tablets were organized by subject and size.
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ANCIENT CHINA
In ancient China the emperor Shih huang-ti, a member of the Ch’in dynasty and ruler of
the first unified Chinese empire, ordered that historical records other than those of the
Ch’in be destroyed so that history might be seen to begin with his dynasty.
Repression of history was lifted, however, under the Han dynasty, which succeeded the
Ch’in in 206 BC and classification schemes were developed.
Some favoured a seven-part classification, which included the Confucian
classics, philosophy, rhymed work (both prose and poetry), military prose, scientific and
occult writings, summaries, and medicine.
A later system categorized writings into four types: the classics, history, philosophy, and
miscellaneous works.
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ORGANIZING
For many centuries the feature that gave a work its unique identity was the name
of the writer, and users of the library were expected to know the names of the
authors whose works they wished to consult.
Since the late 19th century far more attention has been paid to cataloging the
subject contents of books as well as the names of their authors.
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LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION IN USE
While catalogs aim to identify and list items in a collection, schemes
of classification have a more general application in arranging documents in a
sequence that will make sense and be helpful to the user.
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LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION IN USE
Classification systems can be divided into three types depending on how they are used:
▸ Universal schemes
Covers all subjects, e.g. the Dewey Decimal Classification, Universal Decimal
Classification and Library of Congress Classification.
▸ Specific classification schemes
Covers particular subjects or types of materials, e.g. Iconclass, British Catalogue of
Music Classification, and Dickinson classification, or the NLM Classification.
▸ National schemes
Specially created for certain countries, e.g. the Swedish library classification system,
SAB (Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksförening).
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DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION
The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is
a general knowledge organisation tool first
published in the United States by Melvil
Dewey in 1876 and until now it and revised
through 23 major editions.
Basic classes are organised by disciplines
or fields of study.
The scheme comprises ten classes, each
divided into ten divisions, each having ten
sections.
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DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION
The system's notation uses Arabic numbers, with three whole numbers making up the main classes
and sub-classes and decimals designating further divisions.
For example:
500 Natural sciences and mathematics
510 Mathematics
516 Geometry
516.3 Analytic geometries
516.37 Metric differential geometries
516.375 Finsler geometry
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23. CLASSIFICATION
DATA

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LINNAEUS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Linnaeus described a particular form of biological classification (taxonomy) in his
Systema Naturae (1735) and subsequent works. In the taxonomy of Linnaeus
there are three kingdoms, divided into classes, and they, in turn, into orders,
genera and species.
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MODERN CLASSIFICATION
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VOLCANOS
▸ Active
▸ Dormant
▸ Extinct
or by eruption type.
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ERUPTION CLASSIFICATION
27IMG BY CHIARA CINGOTTINI, DENSITYDESIGN RESEARCH LAB - CC-BY-SA

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STELLAR CLASSIFICATION
28IMG BY RURSUS AT ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA - CC-BY-SA

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SATELLITE CLASSIFICATION
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LANGUAGE FAMILIES
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ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
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33. COUNTRY & SCHOOL
YOU

34. IMG BY GURCH AT ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA - CC-BY

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YOUR COUNTRY
▸ Italy - 9
▸ South Korea - 3
▸ Egypt
▸ Mexico
▸ Serbia
▸ The Netherlands
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▸ Norway
▸ Taiwan
▸ Costa Rica
▸ Macedonia
▸ Turkey
▸ Australia

36. Your name Where are you from?
How many years did you spend at
school till now?
Greta Scuto Italy 20
Vittoria Italy 20
Soonji Kwun South Korea 17
Rewan Egypt 15
Aurora Italy 16
Neithan Mexico 17
Nadja Serbia 14
Andrea Italy 17
Nadia van 't Klooster The Netherlands 19
Yeso Lee South Korea 15
Hanne Heimdal Norway 16
Hsin Yi Chen Taiwan 14
Yuri Michieletti Costa Rica 18
Alessandro Calzoni Italy 19
Giulia Filippi Italy 15
Elena Fantini Italy 19
Stasha Macedonia 15
Eugenio Tonoli Italy 18
Ahmet Karan Oner Turkey 16
Eileen Australia 20
Matteo Italy 17
Yeso Lee South Korea 15

37. WIKIPEDIA
DATA ORGANIZATION IN

38. IMG BY GURCH AT ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA - CC-BY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization