TOOLS FOR PLANNING AND SCHEDULING Safety Management Techniques Types of Tools for Scheduling Flow Charts GANTT charts PERT networks Flow Charts Used by computer programmers for identifying task components TQM teams for work simplification Sequencing tool Consist of boxes and diamonds, stop and start ovals Boxes contain major events Diamond contains a yes-or-no decision Sample Flow Chart Respirator Selection Flowchart Respirator selection flowchart from www.osha.gov Flow Charts: Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Force people to consider all relevant links in an endeavor Proper sequence Encourages analytical thinking Disadvantages Does not indicate time dimension Not practical for complex tasks GANTT Charts Developed by Henry GANTT with Fredrick Taylor at Midvale Steel 1887 Advantages More complex activities Shows actual progress at a glance Force managers to be analytical Specify time on each activity Disadvantages Overly complex situations are cumbersome to chart Sample Gantt Chart Multi-Color Gantt Chart Demo Task Manager – Gantt Chart Screen PERT Networks Program Evaluation and Review Technique History – 1958, weapon systems for Polaris submarine Simultaneous sequencing and scheduling amounts to programming Used for large, complex, and non-routine projects Terminology Event – start or finish of some activity Activities Times A 9 Sample Pert Network PERT times Estimated times for the completion of PERT activities Weighted averages of three separate time estimates Optimistic time (To) Most likely (Tm) Pessimistic time (Tp) Te = To + 4 Tm + Tp 6 Critical Path The most time-consuming chain of activities and events in a PERT network If any of the activities along this path are delayed, the whole project is delayed Symbols Events are coded by circled letters PERT activities coded by number PERT time has been calculated and recorded for each PERT activity Critical path in Figure 6.9 Another Sample PERT Network Critical Path: 83 Days Positive aspects of PERT Excellent scheduling tool for large non-routine projects Forces managers to view project in its entirety Tool for predicting resource needs Time lost can be calculated Negative aspects of PERT Not appropriate for production tasks run by machines Only as good as underlying assumptions Too time-consuming Must use project management software Comparisons Flow charts Used for decision-making No time dimensions GANTT charts Used to schedule activities in a job Time dimensions PERT Networks Used to estimate times for each task in a project Used in complex projects Mostly computer-based TOOLS FOR PLANNING AND SCHEDULING Safety Management Techniques Types of Tools for Scheduling Flow Charts GANTT charts PERT networks Flow Charts Used by computer programmers for identifying task components TQM teams for work s ...

1. TOOLS FOR PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
Safety Management Techniques
Types of Tools for Scheduling
Flow Charts
GANTT charts
PERT networks
Flow Charts
Used by computer programmers for identifying task components
TQM teams for work simplification
Sequencing tool
Consist of boxes and diamonds, stop and start ovals
Boxes contain major events
Diamond contains a yes-or-no decision

2. Sample Flow Chart
Respirator Selection Flowchart
Respirator selection flowchart from www.osha.gov
Flow Charts: Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Force people to consider all relevant links in an endeavor
Proper sequence
Encourages analytical thinking
Disadvantages
Does not indicate time dimension
Not practical for complex tasks

3. GANTT Charts
Developed by Henry GANTT with Fredrick Taylor at Midvale
Steel 1887
Advantages
More complex activities
Shows actual progress at a glance
Force managers to be analytical
Specify time on each activity
Disadvantages
Overly complex situations are cumbersome to chart
Sample Gantt Chart
Multi-Color Gantt Chart Demo

4. Task Manager – Gantt Chart Screen
PERT Networks
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
History – 1958, weapon systems for Polaris submarine
Simultaneous sequencing and scheduling amounts to
programming
Used for large, complex, and non-routine projects
Terminology
Event – start or finish of some activity
Activities
Times

5. A
9
Sample Pert Network
PERT times
Estimated times for the completion of PERT activities
Weighted averages of three separate time estimates
Optimistic time (To)
Most likely (Tm)
Pessimistic time (Tp)
Te = To + 4 Tm + Tp
6
Critical Path
The most time-consuming chain of activities and events in a

6. PERT network
If any of the activities along this path are delayed, the whole
project is delayed
Symbols
Events are coded by circled letters
PERT activities coded by number
PERT time has been calculated and recorded for each PERT
activity
Critical path in Figure 6.9
Another Sample PERT Network
Critical Path: 83 Days

7. Positive aspects of PERT
Excellent scheduling tool for large non-routine projects
Forces managers to view project in its entirety
Tool for predicting resource needs
Time lost can be calculated
Negative aspects of PERT
Not appropriate for production tasks run by machines
Only as good as underlying assumptions
Too time-consuming
Must use project management software
Comparisons
Flow charts
Used for decision-making
No time dimensions
GANTT charts
Used to schedule activities in a job
Time dimensions

8. PERT Networks
Used to estimate times for each task in a project
Used in complex projects
Mostly computer-based
TOOLS FOR PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
Safety Management Techniques
Types of Tools for Scheduling
Flow Charts
GANTT charts
PERT networks

9. Flow Charts
Used by computer programmers for identifying task components
TQM teams for work simplification
Sequencing tool
Consist of boxes and diamonds, stop and start ovals
Boxes contain major events
Diamond contains a yes-or-no decision
Sample Flow Chart
Respirator Selection Flowchart
Respirator selection flowchart from www.osha.gov
Flow Charts: Advantages and Disadvantages

10. Advantages
Force people to consider all relevant links in an endeavor
Proper sequence
Encourages analytical thinking
Disadvantages
Does not indicate time dimension
Not practical for complex tasks
GANTT Charts
Developed by Henry GANTT with Fredrick Taylor at Midvale
Steel 1887
Advantages
More complex activities
Shows actual progress at a glance
Force managers to be analytical
Specify time on each activity
Disadvantages
Overly complex situations are cumbersome to chart
Sample Gantt Chart

11. Multi-Color Gantt Chart Demo
Task Manager – Gantt Chart Screen
PERT Networks
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
History – 1958, weapon systems for Polaris submarine
Simultaneous sequencing and scheduling amounts to
programming
Used for large, complex, and non-routine projects

12. Terminology
Event – start or finish of some activity
Activities
Times
A
9
Sample Pert Network
PERT times
Estimated times for the completion of PERT activities
Weighted averages of three separate time estimates
Optimistic time (To)
Most likely (Tm)

13. Pessimistic time (Tp)
Te = To + 4 Tm + Tp
6
Critical Path
The most time-consuming chain of activities and events in a
PERT network
If any of the activities along this path are delayed, the whole
project is delayed
Symbols
Events are coded by circled letters
PERT activities coded by number
PERT time has been calculated and recorded for each PERT
activity
Critical path in Figure 6.9
Another Sample PERT Network

14. Critical Path: 83 Days
Positive aspects of PERT
Excellent scheduling tool for large non-routine projects
Forces managers to view project in its entirety
Tool for predicting resource needs
Time lost can be calculated
Negative aspects of PERT
Not appropriate for production tasks run by machines
Only as good as underlying assumptions
Too time-consuming
Must use project management software

15. Comparisons
Flow charts
Used for decision-making
No time dimensions
GANTT charts
Used to schedule activities in a job
Time dimensions
PERT Networks
Used to estimate times for each task in a project
Used in complex projects
Mostly computer-based
TOOLS FOR PLANNING AND SCHEDULING DROPBOX
ASSIGNMENT
Part 1:
Instructions: Answer the questions below from your
powerpoint.
1. Name three uses for flow charts.
2. What are three advantages of flow charts?
3. What are two disadvantages of flow charts?
4. What 2 people developed the GANTT chart?
5. What else did Fredrick Taylor do? (if you don’t remember

16. from other classes, look him up)
6. What are 4 advantages of GANTT charts?
7. What is one disadvantage of a GANTT chart?
8. On a GANTT chart, the vertical boxes are for _________ in
the process. The horizontal axis is for time. When you use a
GANTT chart, you can show that some activities can take place
at the same time. This kind of chart is what you can use to
track your own activities.
9. What does PERT stand for?
10. When was it developed?
11. For what project was it developed?
12. What is it used for?
13. What are some positive aspects of PERT?
14. What are some negative aspects of PERT?
15. Summarize the differences between the three tools
Part 2:
GANTT Chart Dropbox Assignment
As you know, based on your powerpoint “Tools for Planning
and Scheduling,” a GANTT chart is the best way to plan and
track your activities in the workplace.
1. The following might be a list of activities and tasks
associated with the objective of setting up a safety committee.
Assign whatever time frames you think would be best to each
Task and Step.

17. 2. Construct a GANTT chart with horizontal bars for each Task
and Step listed below. (You can use the example I provided or
you can find one on the internet). You must use Excel, Word or
some other computer program. Your chart must include color.
You must decide what activities must be done before others and
what activities can be done simultaneously in order to construct
your GANTT chart.
Grading: Charts will be graded on logic of steps and neatness
of presentation. (Obviously, you must assign dates to these
objectives, activities and tasks.)
Objective #1: Organize a safety committee – suggested
activities and tasks
Task #1 Enlist management support
Steps #1 Gather data on the cost effectiveness of a committee
Steps #2 Present data to management
Task #2 Enlist supervisory support
Steps #1 Plan meetings
Steps #2 Hold series of 4 meetings for all supervisory
personnel (two day shifts
and 2 night shifts) to gather input
Task #3 Enlist worker support
Steps #1 Plan meetings
Steps #2 Hold series of 8 meetings for all workers
Steps #3 Plan incentive campaign
Steps #4 Conduct incentive campaign
Task #4 Select committee members
Steps #1 Gather input from supervisors
Steps #2 Gather input from Unions, etc.
Steps #3 Gather input from management
Steps #4 Approach potential candidates
Task #5 Hold first meeting
Steps #1 Schedule a convenient time
Steps #2 Secure a room and organize the meeting agenda