Assignment 1 Part 1: Defining the Problem Problem Identification According to Ludwick and Doucette (2009), one of the primary issues in healthcare is the reduced standard of patient care due to the continued non-integration of technology in medical-based facilities. The result is a poor entry of patient data, coupled with a system that cannot be relied upon in the long term. In this context, Black et al. (2011) are of the opinion that it is mandatory for all healthcare facilities to incorporate electronic health records systems and shift from the use of manual-based recording strategies. Comment by Author: Use all of participating authors the first time listing Problem Statement The continued utilization of manual health-based recording system in the contemporary society leads to reduced efficiency. It also negatively affects the overall outcome of healthcare delivery at the expense of the patient. Problem Description The continued use of paper-based records in the modern society is inefficient as compared to hospices that use electronic-based recording system. First, the use of the latter focuses on patient-centered care whereby there it leads to reduced repetition of tests, as there is no scattering of test results in various hospitals. In addition, the paper-based recording system is redundant as the access to a patient’s records by a medical health provider is limited by the location of the doctor as well as the time they can access the hospital (Black et al. 2011). However, the latter is not limited by the mentioned entities since data can be sent electronically at any time and place to the doctor. The problem is directly related to my discipline since patients that undergo recording of their personal information through the manual-based recording system are prone to medical errors. According to Ludwick and Doucette (2009), such errors may involve poor drug administration, especially if a patient may prove allergic to various subscribedprescribed medications. Besides, the electronic-based records will result in increased monitoring of a patient, which leads to faster healthcare delivery, which is the objective of studying my discipline. Purpose Statement The reduced efficiency coupled with the adverse outcome caused by paper-based recording systems will be obliterated upon the incorporation of the electronic-based recording system. The objective related to the implementation of the project is increased efficiency and improved quality of healthcare delivery to the patients. Part 2: Defining a Searchable, Answerable Question: Population/Patient Problem: 1. What are the efficiency rates concerning number of patients that are bound to benefit from the incorporation of the electronic-based records? Comment by Author: Needs to clarify what the rates are referring? Efficiency of what? 2. Does the electronic health recording provide any unique advantages over the manual recording system regarding the health status, of a patient? Interventio ...

1. Assignment 1
Part 1: Defining the Problem
Problem Identification
According to Ludwick and Doucette (2009), one of the primary
issues in healthcare is the reduced standard of patient care due
to the continued non-integration of technology in medical-based
facilities. The result is a poor entry of patient data, coupled
with a system that cannot be relied upon in the long term. In
this context, Black et al. (2011) are of the opinion that it is
mandatory for all healthcare facilities to incorporate electronic
health records systems and shift from the use of manual-based
recording strategies.
Comment by Author: Use all of participating authors the first
time listing
Problem Statement
The continued utilization of manual health-based recording
system in the contemporary society leads to reduced efficiency.
It also negatively affects the overall outcome of healthcare
delivery at the expense of the patient.
Problem Description
The continued use of paper-based records in the modern society
is inefficient as compared to hospices that use electronic-based
recording system. First, the use of the latter focuses on patient-
centered care whereby there it leads to reduced repetition of
tests, as there is no scattering of test results in various
hospitals. In addition, the paper-based recording system is
redundant as the access to a patient’s records by a medical
health provider is limited by the location of the doctor as well
as the time they can access the hospital (Black et al. 2011).
However, the latter is not limited by the mentioned entities
since data can be sent electronically at any time and place to the
doctor. The problem is directly related to my discipline since
patients that undergo recording of their personal information
through the manual-based recording system are prone to medical

2. errors. According to Ludwick and Doucette (2009), such errors
may involve poor drug administration, especially if a patient
may prove allergic to various subscribedprescribed medications.
Besides, the electronic-based records will result in increased
monitoring of a patient, which leads to faster healthcare
delivery, which is the objective of studying my discipline.
Purpose Statement
The reduced efficiency coupled with the adverse outcome
caused by paper-based recording systems will be obliterated
upon the incorporation of the electronic-based recording
system. The objective related to the implementation of the
project is increased efficiency and improved quality of
healthcare delivery to the patients.
Part 2: Defining a Searchable, Answerable Question:
Population/Patient Problem:
1. What are the efficiency rates concerning number of patients
that are bound to benefit from the incorporation of the
electronic-based records?
Comment by Author: Needs to clarify what the rates are
referring? Efficiency of what?
2. Does the electronic health recording provide any unique
advantages over the manual recording system regarding the
health status, of a patient?
Intervention:
1. What factors are to be considered before and after the
incorporation of the electronic health recording system?
2. How will the relevant stakeholders react to the introduction
of the electronic health records and how will their concerns be
addressed.
Comparison:
1. What are alternative methods of recording to be adopted if
the electronic-based recording system becomes flawed?
2. What advantages do you perceive the electronic-based

3. recording system will create holistically as compared to the
paper-based recording system.
3. How will the electronic health recording system be
introduced to the hospital? Is it gradually or immediately?
Outcome:
1. Will the electronic health recording system’s benefits prove
to outweigh the demerits
2. What factual evidence has the electronic-based recording
system proved to offer in hospitals around the world regarding
being cost-effective?
Timeframe:
1. What is the approximate time in which the new system can be
adopted in a hospital?
2. What factors have you considered before coming up with a
timeframe for the implementation of the plan?
References:Comment by Author: It’s a good idea to include doi
when possible. Makes searching for articles easier since not all
readers have access to the same database.
Black, A. D., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Anandan, C., Cresswell, K.,
Bokun, T., ... & Sheikh, A. (2011). The impact of eHealth on
the quality and safety of health care: a systematic
overview. PLoS Med, 8(1), e1000387.Comment by Author:
Need to include ALL participating authors. Don’t omit:
McKinstry, Proctor, and Majeed from listing.Comment by
Author: Include doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000387

4. Ludwick, D. A., & Doucette, J. (2009). Adopting electronic
medical records in primary care: lessons learned from health
information systems implementation experience in seven
countries. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 78(1),
22-31.
Assignment 2
Improving the Quality Of Medical Services For Patients
The delivery of quality healthcare services is vital, though it is
a progressively difficult challenge. As a result of the
complexities of healthcare systems and services, and many other
elements are important in informing the stakeholders about
health-related issues. Improving patient care should be an
important priority for all healthcare providers with the aim of
achieving a high degree of patient outcomes and satisfaction.
More healthcare regulation, concern about poor outcomes,
increasing medical malpractice litigation, as well as the
increasing demand for better healthcare are the factors that
contribute to this change (Koh, et al., 2013). Comment by
Author: Missing authors. Include all participating authors for
the first time using the reference. Afterwards ok to use the
format.Comment by Author: Don’t use period with ‘et al’.
Problem Statement
Most people attending the healthcare facilities report that there
are insufficient resources to meet the needs of the increasing
number of patients on a daily basis. This has led to the quality
of services being offered to be compromised.Comment by
Author: In-text citation needed here to support the claim.
Description of the Problem Statement

5. In the healthcare industry, availability of adequate resources is
crucial if patients are to be treated well. These resources
include the medications, space, hygiene facilities, foodstuffs,
bedding, clothing, as well as the human resource. According to
research, some patients have stayed in hospitals for many years,
yet they have never improved. These patients are part of the
population that deplete the resources yet more sick people need
to go to hospitals on a daily basis. As the number of patients
going to hospitals is increasing, the number of healthcare
providers is hardly enough to meet all the needs of the patients.
Similarly, other resources such as medicines and clothing are
not enough, and in most cases, the patients end up not being in
proper hospital uniform. Comment by Author: Whose research?
In-text citation is needed here.
The remedy to poor quality health care services offered to
patients is in the hands of the government. The government
should allocate adequate resources to the public hospitals as
requested by the specific hospitals to finance their operations
fully. The government should employ enough medical personnel
to a workable ratio, and should also motivate them by
compensating them in equal to their expertise and sacrifice that
comes with their jobs. On the other hand, the clinicians should
be ethical in their practice and serve all patients equally
(Barton, 2009). Furthermoe, there is need to educate patients on
the kind of services offered in hospitals as well as hospital
protocals.
Statement of purpose
By implementing this project, I would make sure that all
patients across the country access better and quality health care
services whenever they visit the health facilities. It is vital for
the patients to be accorded full attention in cases of sicknesses
so that they can recover and revert to their daily life. This
project would also seek to compel the federal government to
allocate sufficient resources to the healthcare facilities to
improve their operations; hence quality care services for the
patients. The project would also provide an awareness of the

6. code of conduct, and would also remind the health care
providers of what is expected of them by the law, as well as the
consequences of the failure to oblige (Melnyk & Fineout-
Overholt, 2011).
Developing Research Question
P (population or patient or problem) patients seeking health care
services
I (intervention or Test or Prognostic Factor or Risk Factor)
Allocate more resources
C (Comparison, if one) Sufficient resources
O (Outcome(s)) Improved quality of healthcare service
Foreground question:
Among the patients seeking health care services, will allocating
more resources to the health care facilities improve the quality
of healthcare services offered?
Analysis and Appraisal
Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for
nurses is an article by Barton (year) that has reviews of a wide
range of issues in patient safety as well as quality in the
medical system. The author indicate that there are multiple
factors that has resulted in poor health care delivery like
shortage of nurses. The article offers important statistics
regarding the rate of patient satisfaction. It is cited that out of
10 patients who visit medical facilities in the U.S., only 3
percent of them reported satisfaction. The article support my
proposed solutions to patient safety, which is the need of the
government to invest more in heathcare by improving the
infrastructure in hospitals. Comment by Author: In-text citation
is needed here to cite your reference with this specific data.
On the other hand, Evidence-based practice in nursing &
healthcare: A guide to best practice. Is is an analysis of some of
the critical practices in nursing written by Melnyk and Fineout-
Overholt (year). This article describes the issue of poor quality
care as a big problem in the United Staes Health care system
that has resulted in poor patient satisfaction. As indicated by
the authors, lack of ethical conduct and poor policies are the

7. major issues resulting in poor health outcome. Some important
statistics made include that o infant mortality of 50% between
2001 and 2008 that were linked to poor health are quality. Also,
regarding patient literacy of electronic database and the privacy
and confidentiality rule, only 27% of patients are cited as to
understand the information. In the general population, there is a
high rate of infant mortality. The article supports my proposed
change of the need for the federal government to increase
funding in medical facilities. Also, the authors highlight the
importance of clinitians to uphold ethics when administering
health sevices.
A proposed ‘health literate care model’would constitute a
systems approach to improving patients’ engagement in care is
an article by Koh et al (year) discusses the wide range of issues
surrounding attaining patient satisfaction due to lack of enough
information by patients. Their proposed change concided
coincided with mine which is to create awareness among
patients regarding what to expect whe seeking medical services.
Even though the article does not offer statistical data that
suggest the rate of patient’s lack of information, it suggests that
the rate at which patients lack the necessary self-mangement
skills has relatively resulted in poor health decisions. The
article proposes a similar solution to achieving quality care.
They suggest that enhancing patient outcomes lies in engaging
patient fully in decision making and prevention measures. It is
indicated that educating patients is a strategic way of improving
patient satisfaction and enhance the quality of care delivered.
High Relaibility Theory
High reliability concept is a theory that will be critical in heling
address the issue. This concept aims at avoiding disasters in
high risk fields like the medical field. Comment by Author: Not
sure of what you intended here.

8. References
Barton, A. (2009). Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based
handbook for nurses. AORN Journal, 90(4), 601-602.
Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., & Parchman, M. L.
(2013). A proposed ‘health literate care model’would constitute
a systems approach to improving patients’ engagement in
care. Health Affairs, 32(2), 357-367.Comment by Author: Good
to include doi. Health Affairs includes doi’s with their articles.
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (Eds.).
(2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A
guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2008).
Organizing for high reliability: Processes of collective
mindfulness. Crisis management, 3(1), 31-66.

9. References
Barton, A. (2009). Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based
handbook for nurses. Aorn Journal, 90(4), 601-602.
Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., & Parchman, M. L.
(2013). A proposed ‘health literate care model’would constitute
a systems approach to improving patients’ engagement in
care. Health Affairs, 32(2), 357-367.
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (Eds.).
(2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A
guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2008).
Organizing for high reliability: Processes of collective
mindfulness. Crisis management, 3(1), 31-66.

10. Assignment 1
Part 1: Defining the Problem
Problem Identification
According to Ludwick and Doucette (2009), one of the primary
issues in healthcare is the reduced standard of patient care due
to the continued non-integration of technology in medical-based
facilities. The result is a poor entry of patient data, coupled
with a system that cannot be relied upon in the long term. In
this context, Black et al. (2011) are of the opinion that it is
mandatory for all healthcare facilities to incorporate electronic
health records systems and shift from the use of manual-based
recording strategies.
Comment by Author: Use all of participating authors the first
time listing
Problem Statement
The continued utilization of manual health-based recording
system in the contemporary society leads to reduced efficiency.
It also negatively affects the overall outcome of healthcare
delivery at the expense of the patient.
Problem Description
The continued use of paper-based records in the modern society
is inefficient as compared to hospices that use electronic-based
recording system. First, the use of the latter focuses on patient-
centered care whereby there it leads to reduced repetition of
tests, as there is no scattering of test results in various

11. hospitals. In addition, the paper-based recording system is
redundant as the access to a patient’s records by a medical
health provider is limited by the location of the doctor as well
as the time they can access the hospital (Black et al. 2011).
However, the latter is not limited by the mentioned entities
since data can be sent electronically at any time and place to the
doctor. The problem is directly related to my discipline since
patients that undergo recording of their personal information
through the manual-based recording system are prone to medical
errors. According to Ludwick and Doucette (2009), such errors
may involve poor drug administration, especially if a patient
may prove allergic to various subscribedprescribed medications.
Besides, the electronic-based records will result in increased
monitoring of a patient, which leads to faster healthcare
delivery, which is the objective of studying my discipline.
Purpose Statement
The reduced efficiency coupled with the adverse outcome
caused by paper-based recording systems will be obliterated
upon the incorporation of the electronic-based recording
system. The objective related to the implementation of the
project is increased efficiency and improved quality of
healthcare delivery to the patients.
Part 2: Defining a Searchable, Answerable Question:
Population/Patient Problem:
1. What are the efficiency rates concerning number of patients
that are bound to benefit from the incorporation of the
electronic-based records?
Comment by Author: Needs to clarify what the rates are
referring? Efficiency of what?
2. Does the electronic health recording provide any unique
advantages over the manual recording system regarding the
health status, of a patient?
Intervention:

12. 1. What factors are to be considered before and after the
incorporation of the electronic health recording system?
2. How will the relevant stakeholders react to the introduction
of the electronic health records and how will their concerns be
addressed.
Comparison:
1. What are alternative methods of recording to be adopted if
the electronic-based recording system becomes flawed?
2. What advantages do you perceive the electronic-based
recording system will create holistically as compared to the
paper-based recording system.
3. How will the electronic health recording system be
introduced to the hospital? Is it gradually or immediately?
Outcome:
1. Will the electronic health recording system’s benefits prove
to outweigh the demerits
2. What factual evidence has the electronic-based recording
system proved to offer in hospitals around the world regarding
being cost-effective?
Timeframe:
1. What is the approximate time in which the new system can be
adopted in a hospital?
2. What factors have you considered before coming up with a
timeframe for the implementation of the plan?
References:Comment by Author: It’s a good idea to include doi

13. when possible. Makes searching for articles easier since not all
readers have access to the same database.
Black, A. D., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Anandan, C., Cresswell, K.,
Bokun, T., ... & Sheikh, A. (2011). The impact of eHealth on
the quality and safety of health care: a systematic
overview. PLoS Med, 8(1), e1000387.Comment by Author:
Need to include ALL participating authors. Don’t omit:
McKinstry, Proctor, and Majeed from listing.Comment by
Author: Include doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000387
Ludwick, D. A., & Doucette, J. (2009). Adopting electronic
medical records in primary care: lessons learned from health
information systems implementation experience in seven
countries. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 78(1),
22-31.
Assignment 2
Improving the Quality Of Medical Services For Patients
The delivery of quality healthcare services is vital, though it is
a progressively difficult challenge. As a result of the
complexities of healthcare systems and services, and many other
elements are important in informing the stakeholders about
health-related issues. Improving patient care should be an
important priority for all healthcare providers with the aim of
achieving a high degree of patient outcomes and satisfaction.
More healthcare regulation, concern about poor outcomes,
increasing medical malpractice litigation, as well as the
increasing demand for better healthcare are the factors that
contribute to this change (Koh, et al., 2013). Comment by
Author: Missing authors. Include all participating authors for

14. the first time using the reference. Afterwards ok to use the
format.Comment by Author: Don’t use period with ‘et al’.
Problem Statement
Most people attending the healthcare facilities report that there
are insufficient resources to meet the needs of the increasing
number of patients on a daily basis. This has led to the quality
of services being offered to be compromised.Comment by
Author: In-text citation needed here to support the claim.
Description of the Problem Statement
In the healthcare industry, availability of adequate resources is
crucial if patients are to be treated well. These resources
include the medications, space, hygiene facilities, foodstuffs,
bedding, clothing, as well as the human resource. According to
research, some patients have stayed in hospitals for many years,
yet they have never improved. These patients are part of the
population that deplete the resources yet more sick people need
to go to hospitals on a daily basis. As the number of patients
going to hospitals is increasing, the number of healthcare
providers is hardly enough to meet all the needs of the patients.
Similarly, other resources such as medicines and clothing are
not enough, and in most cases, the patients end up not being in
proper hospital uniform. Comment by Author: Whose research?
In-text citation is needed here.
The remedy to poor quality health care services offered to
patients is in the hands of the government. The government
should allocate adequate resources to the public hospitals as
requested by the specific hospitals to finance their operations
fully. The government should employ enough medical personnel
to a workable ratio, and should also motivate them by
compensating them in equal to their expertise and sacrifice that
comes with their jobs. On the other hand, the clinicians should
be ethical in their practice and serve all patients equally
(Barton, 2009). Furthermoe, there is need to educate patients on
the kind of services offered in hospitals as well as hospital
protocals.
Statement of purpose

15. By implementing this project, I would make sure that all
patients across the country access better and quality health care
services whenever they visit the health facilities. It is vital for
the patients to be accorded full attention in cases of sicknesses
so that they can recover and revert to their daily life. This
project would also seek to compel the federal government to
allocate sufficient resources to the healthcare facilities to
improve their operations; hence quality care services for the
patients. The project would also provide an awareness of the
code of conduct, and would also remind the health care
providers of what is expected of them by the law, as well as the
consequences of the failure to oblige (Melnyk & Fineout-
Overholt, 2011).
Developing Research Question
P (population or patient or problem) patients seeking health care
services
I (intervention or Test or Prognostic Factor or Risk Factor)
Allocate more resources
C (Comparison, if one) Sufficient resources
O (Outcome(s)) Improved quality of healthcare service
Foreground question:
Among the patients seeking health care services, will allocating
more resources to the health care facilities improve the quality
of healthcare services offered?
Analysis and Appraisal
Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for
nurses is an article by Barton (year) that has reviews of a wide
range of issues in patient safety as well as quality in the
medical system. The author indicate that there are multiple
factors that has resulted in poor health care delivery like
shortage of nurses. The article offers important statistics
regarding the rate of patient satisfaction. It is cited that out of
10 patients who visit medical facilities in the U.S., only 3
percent of them reported satisfaction. The article support my
proposed solutions to patient safety, which is the need of the
government to invest more in heathcare by improving the

16. infrastructure in hospitals. Comment by Author: In-text citation
is needed here to cite your reference with this specific data.
On the other hand, Evidence-based practice in nursing &
healthcare: A guide to best practice. Is is an analysis of some of
the critical practices in nursing written by Melnyk and Fineout-
Overholt (year). This article describes the issue of poor quality
care as a big problem in the United Staes Health care system
that has resulted in poor patient satisfaction. As indicated by
the authors, lack of ethical conduct and poor policies are the
major issues resulting in poor health outcome. Some important
statistics made include that o infant mortality of 50% between
2001 and 2008 that were linked to poor health are quality. Also,
regarding patient literacy of electronic database and the privacy
and confidentiality rule, only 27% of patients are cited as to
understand the information. In the general population, there is a
high rate of infant mortality. The article supports my proposed
change of the need for the federal government to increase
funding in medical facilities. Also, the authors highlight the
importance of clinitians to uphold ethics when administering
health sevices.
A proposed ‘health literate care model’would constitute a
systems approach to improving patients’ engagement in care is
an article by Koh et al (year) discusses the wide range of issues
surrounding attaining patient satisfaction due to lack of enough
information by patients. Their proposed change concided
coincided with mine which is to create awareness among
patients regarding what to expect whe seeking medical services.
Even though the article does not offer statistical data that
suggest the rate of patient’s lack of information, it suggests that
the rate at which patients lack the necessary self-mangement
skills has relatively resulted in poor health decisions. The
article proposes a similar solution to achieving quality care.
They suggest that enhancing patient outcomes lies in engaging
patient fully in decision making and prevention measures. It is
indicated that educating patients is a strategic way of improving

17. patient satisfaction and enhance the quality of care delivered.
High Relaibility Theory
High reliability concept is a theory that will be critical in heling
address the issue. This concept aims at avoiding disasters in
high risk fields like the medical field. Comment by Author: Not
sure of what you intended here.
References
Barton, A. (2009). Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based
handbook for nurses. AORN Journal, 90(4), 601-602.
Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., & Parchman, M. L.
(2013). A proposed ‘health literate care model’would constitute
a systems approach to improving patients’ engagement in
care. Health Affairs, 32(2), 357-367.Comment by Author: Good
to include doi. Health Affairs includes doi’s with their articles.
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (Eds.).
(2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A
guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2008).
Organizing for high reliability: Processes of collective
mindfulness. Crisis management, 3(1), 31-66.

18. References
Barton, A. (2009). Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based
handbook for nurses. Aorn Journal, 90(4), 601-602.
Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., & Parchman, M. L.
(2013). A proposed ‘health literate care model’would constitute
a systems approach to improving patients’ engagement in
care. Health Affairs, 32(2), 357-367.
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (Eds.).
(2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A
guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2008).

19. Organizing for high reliability: Processes of collective
mindfulness. Crisis management, 3(1), 31-66.
Assignment 3 rubrics
Top of Form
Proposed
Solution
, Implementation, and Evaluation
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%

20. 2
Less than Satisfactory
65.00%
3
Satisfactory
75.00%
4
Good
85.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
80.0 %Content
25.0 %Description of