2.  Mental Imagery
involves an ability to
picture events via
thoughts in the brain
 Imagery is a form of
simulation and allows
the user to create,
modify and strengthen
important pathways
involving coordination
of muscles by training
powerful thought
processes

3.  Allow us to ‘feel’
our body as it
moves through
different actions
 Heavily involves
proprioception
 Cartoon: “feeling”
your way to the end
result
 EG: Hitting a golf
ball

4.  Before they jump,
they will visualise the
movements (flips,
twists and turns) of
the jump they’re
about to perform
 Mental rehearsal can
only work if the
athlete is in a relaxed
state

5.  Improves neural
pathways between
the CNS and muscles
 Provides a mental
template of rehearsal
 Enables athletes to
practice and prepare
for foreseeable and
unforeseeable events
during competition

6.  Similar to imagery,
simulation is carried
out by making the
physical environment
as similar as possible
to the game situation
 EG: training in front
of spectators, playing
full contact games

7.  Very similar to the
principle of
specificity.
 Simulation is thought
to be superior to
imagery as the
stimuli introduced
exists in reality
 On the other hand, it
requires greater
preparation and set
up

8.  The definition contains 3 parts
1. Focusing on relevant environmental cues
2. Maintaining attention focus over time
3. Having awareness of the situation
Concentration and attention are used
interchangeably

9. 1. Broad-internal focus:
- Used to focus on
thoughts and feelings
- Fast bowler preparing
to run in and bowl
2. Broad-external focus
- Used to focus outwards
on an opponents
actions
- Watching an opponent
try to make a run to
receive the ball

10. 3. Narrow-internal
focus
- Used to focus
thoughts and
mentally rehearse
upcoming
movements
- A springboard diver
4. Narrow-external
focus
- Used to focus on very
few external cues
- Taking an
uncontested mark in
football

11.  Any most sports,
attention needs to shift
to adapt to the
environment around
them
 It an athletes attention
is inappropriate to the
task, performance can
be affected.
 Sometimes distractions
caused by future-
oriented thinking EG?

12.  A situation where
performance
decreases because
a heightened sense
of pressure or
importance is
placed on an
upcoming event or
action

13.  Roberto Baggio
◦ 1994 World Cup

15.  Simulation
 Shutting out irrelevant cues
 Use of cue-words (move your feet, follow
through etc)
 Routines (see example on P324)
 Overtraining skills (autonomous stage of
learning)