The Pros And Cons Of Supportive Reasoning

The Pros And Cons Of Supportive Reasoning
supportive reasoning. Consider a unique scenario where 'fa', 'ga', 'hb, and 'Ib' subjects are the stock
of belief and thereby the belief of 'a=b' aspect is assumed, as soon as one accepts the identity he/she
automatically owes a justification to his/her supportive reasoning in relation to the contextual basis,
the three variables are basically related and mutually interlinked. Frege does assume that, depending
on the preposition expressed, the 'a=a' expression is considered a priori while the second clause
expression 'a=b' is a posteriori. The aspect behind this is that the formulation of the expression is
often considered by many as a petition principal to favor the perception that the sentences
respectively express different propositions. It is possible to formulate and state Frege's puzzle in a
better way without necessarily committing on either positive or negative side of the question or
context, besides the formulation, the understanding of the puzzle doesn't necessarily involve two
singular terms 'a' and 'b,' (Eros & Jerome 2). In addition, the identity "a=b" can be contrasted into
two uses to derive both informative and uninformative sentences, and the number of singular terms
used doesn't matter. Lastly, being distinctive in the relevant notations of the original Frege's puzzle
is likewise important: cognitive value, from the typical puzzle, 'a=b is informatively expressed
contrary to 'a=a', cognitive content which is the part of information associated with the sentence
subject, information content which is what an individual learns and perceive the case by simply
understanding and thereafter accepting, in other words, it is the state which approves a sentence to
be true and lastly semantic content which implies the entire meaning decoded from the sentence and
the individual strictly respond to what the sentences basically expresses.
Solution to Frege's puzzle Incorporation of a metalinguistic approach which is related to Milian
view. This method is based on identity statements for instance "Hesperus is Phosphorus" are
utterances that are related to language rather than the identity per the see. Although the expressed
statement might lack knowledge aspect, the acquired knowledge could be
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Digital Logic : The Autobiography Of Binary
Digital Logic: The autobiography of Binary
Calculators, watches, computers – eletronic devices of all kinds that immerse the information age
that has so dautingly taking control of modern society. Stephen Rajkumar Samuels–Koothrapalli
takes apart the casing of most prominent technologies, exploring the evolution of analog to digitial
logic and it's implications for the growth of contemporary eletronics. The development of digital
logic circuits began with the creation of electromechnical relays by Jospeh Henry in 1853. Relays
are devices that allow small currents residing in relay coils to close their contacts, permitting the
flow of larger currents in an electrical circuit (Vogel, 2015); these relays are found in essentially all
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This condensing of information into a single digit input, instigation of a process, followed by the
output also being a single digit allows for easy pattern finding or in the case of Boolean algebra, the
simplification of logic gates in a digital circuit.
Furthermore, it can be seen that digital circuits utilise the converted information in two forms,
combinational and sequential circuits. Combinational circuits operate as functions of input, with a
consistent input reliably resulting in a consistent output e.g. an input of 01 into a circuit results in a
01 output, this process will remain, whenever this input is put into the circuit the 01 output will
result (Lin, 2003). Sequential circuits differ in that their output can be affected by previous inputs
and future inputs through the utilisation of memory elements that store previous logic values
(Schibli & Lee, 2015). This data retention is achieved through Flip Flops, memory elements capable
of storing a single bit of information in binary form (Godse & Godse, 2009). When grouped these
form Registers whose sole purpose is the shifting and storing of binary data (Bakshi & Godse,
2009). As seen in figure 1.2, output Z is a function of the External Input and the memory states. The
'function of input' is 'saved' into the state, with the next signal from the external input being affected
by the new internal input (Sequential Switching

Basic Logic And Circuit Simplification
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIVERSITY
ELEG–3021–P01 Logic Circuits Lab
LAB 2–Basic Logic Gates and Circuit Simplification
Fall 2016
Lab Report # 2
Submitted by
Abdullah Safdar
On
SEP 20th, 2016
To
Dr. Foreman
Course Name: Logic Circuits Laboratory
Course #: ELEG 3021–P01
Student Name: Abdullah Safdar
Name : Abdullah Safdar
Lab #: 2
Points:
Title page 5
Objective 5
Introduction/Theory 20
Equipment 5
Procedure 20
Circuit diagrams 10
Questions, Data and Results 30
Conclusion and References 5

Total: 100 points
Date of Submission: 20/09/2016
Date of Performance:06/09/2016
LAB 2–Basic Logic Gates and Circuit Simplification
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this lab is to become familiar with digital design in order to derive Boolean
expressions that represent logic circuits and then simplifying these expressions using the rules of
Boolean Algebra. We will also verify the equivalency of the original and simplified Boolean
expressions by implementing the logic circuits represented by each expression. Using Multisim, we
will simulate the logic circuits and create their truth tables for further Circuit Analysis.
EQUIPMENT:
Logic Circuit Trainer Kit
Multisim 14.0
Introduction:
In Today's era mostly all electronic devices use Binary Digital Logic Circuits. These circuits consist
of two possible outputs, mostly used terms are "TRUE/FALSE", or "ONE/ZERO." Such an output is
called a Binary Digit, or a bit. The

Comp230-Intro to Scripting Essay
Week 1 Week 1 – Quiz A 1. The name of the service that controls the queue of print jobs with the
Window NET command is ______. SPOOLER 2. Which of the following Windows commands will
shutdown and restart your computer in 2 minutes? Shutdown –r –t 120 3. Which Windows shutdown
command switch is sued to log off the current user of the local computer? –l 4. Which one of the
following Windows AT commands specifies an action that will take place at 3:00 p.m.? At 15:00
command 5. From the Start/Run dialog, the command used to open the 32–bit Windows command
prompt is ______. cmd 6. The Windows CLI command used to turn off the display of the current
command in a batch file is ______. @command Week1 – Quiz B 1. Which ... Show more content on
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ServiceName? DELETE 2. The netsh command that will set the IP Address of the interface name
"NIC" to 192.168.100.10 255.255.255.0 with a metric of 1 is _____. netsh interface ip set address
"NIC" source=static 192.168.100.10 255.255.255.0 1 3. Which of the following Windows
commands will shutdown and power down the computer FileServer in 2 minutes? shutdown –s –m
FileServer –t 120 4. Which one of the following Windows AT commands specifies an action that
will take place at 3:00 p.m.? at 15:00 command 5. The Windows CLI command that is used to
display the search path for the executable files is _____. path 6. The Windows CLI command used
to turn off the display of the current command in a batch file is _____. @command Week 1 – Quiz
G 1. Which one of the following Windows NET commands will allow other computers to access the
C:Data directory under the share name UserData? NET SHARE UserData=C:Data 2. The netsh
command that will set the IP Address of the interface name "NIC" to a DHCP supplied IP address is
_____. netsh interface ip set address "NIC" source=dhcp 3. Which Windows shutdown command
switch is used to log off the current user of the local computer? –1 4. Which Windows shutdown
command switch is used to shutdown and turn off a local or remote computer? /s 5. From the
Start/Run dialog, the command used to open the 32–bit Windows command prompt is _____. cmd 6.
The Windows CLI command

Relationship Between Mathematics And Logic With Boolean Logic
Almost everyone at some point their life has used a computer. Most people haven 't thought about
how they work or operate. Those who have, often enter the field of software development. The
relatively new field of software development has many advantages and opportunities, including
good pay, and good opportunities to advance in this wide open and quickly growing job field.
Programing has been around much longer than most people think. Some experts consider the earliest
programing was completed in France as early as 1804 by Joseph Marie Jacquard. He used punch
cards for a loom that predefined tasks for the machine.("1. Introduction to Software History."
Introduction to Software History. Web 7). Several years later, Charles Boole, a British
mathematician proved the relationship between mathematics and logic with BOOLEAN logic
(binary) in 1847. (4) The only characters in BOOLEAN logic are 0 meaning false, and 1 meaning
true. Although it will be nearly 100 years before BOOLEAN logic will be used in computers, it was
still a huge breakthrough. (11) Some advancements in software were reinvented, due to the work not
becoming public or prohibited from becoming public.(6) Much like hardware, software was
developed in large distinguishable steps. (6) The first computer programs had one purpose, and the
hardware must be changed to run a different program. At first this is how computers were
developed. This all changed when John Von Neumann, working at the Institute for Advanced

The Decisive Treatise: Averroes
With the passing of the notable ancient Greek greats, a new era in philosophy emerged. The
Medieval period fostered an outburst of Islamic culture and thought, with many significant
philosophers leading the way. Amongst these was Averroes, who thrived during the early 12th
century. His many areas of interest allowed him to be a very learned and experienced individual,
enabling him to produce many publications elaborating his thoughts. One of these publications is
The Decisive Treatise, in which he discusses the role that philosophy plays in religion and how that
impacts society. According to Averroes, in The Decisive Treatise, philosophy is a required part of
religion that provides educated individuals with a deeper understanding of ... Show more content on
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The unmentioned aspects are the parts that are open for interpretation, while the mentioned have
definite meanings and are accepted by all. It is universally agreed upon by all Muslims, from many
generations, that some Laws are apparent thus anyone who disputes those Laws is clearly wrong. All
people seem to be united by the concept that certain Laws are indispensable and forever applicable,
while others can be extended beyond just what is stated. The extensions of these Laws are also
subject to criticism. Although interpretations are an option, the original idea of the Law must not be
lost in the process of thought. Philosophy also seems to be a privilege only given to the learned.
Averroes divides the society into two classes: the uneducated class and the demonstrative class. The
demonstrative class is the group of philosophers who are allowed to interpret text because they
demonstrate their understanding of the God by using "the most perfect kind of reasoning"(165). He
then further divides the Law into three different grades. The first grade is text that can only be
accepted by its apparent meaning. This means that the text is not open for study and must be taken
point blank, so to speak. All who interpret it the wrong way can be said to be unbelievers. The
second grade is text that must be analyzed through its inner meaning by the demonstrative class, but
through its apparent meaning by

Business
Case study
Submission details
|Candidate's Name | |Candidate ID | |
|Assessor's Name | |
|Assessment Site | |
|Assessment Date/s | |Date | |
The Assessment Task is due on the date specified by your assessor. Any variations to this
arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor.
Submit this document with any required ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Robert was going to hire 14 more administrative staff and 17 more delivery personnel to operate the
various locations in Canberra, Melbourne and Brisbane. He also decided to replace all computers
within the business and purchase more computers due to the new locations.
There were so many computers brands on the market, and so many different styles and speeds of
computers. All Robert knew was that he needed desktops for the administrative staff, laptops for his
sales staff and PDAs (personal digital assistant) for his delivery personnel. Robert did not
understand computers, but was going to research the desktop, laptop and PDA markets to determine
his needs. Robert's organisational requirements were:
20 brand new desktops 13 brand new laptops which were the lightest on the market. 50 PDAs with
the latest GPS tracking. Purchase these items in the one location – if possible – to ensure discounts.
He was going to conduct both online and non–electronic research. However, he did not know which
websites would be best, or which places were best to view computers and PDAs.
Questions
Question 1
How can Robert ensure that his research is valid and relevant to his requirements and make efficient
use of available resources?

Question 2
When Robert

History Of Computers During World War II
History of Computers
Introduction
In today's modern world, it's hard to imagine life without computers. Throughout the decades,
computers have gotten better, faster, and smaller. It's hard to imagine that before the 20th century
almost all calculations were done by mechanical devices such as the electromechanical computers;
or, the first digital computers that had huge tubes around them that you had to designate a whole
room just to fit the computer in. Today we have Internet, phone book, pictures, videos, telephone,
mail, and camera that is compacted into one tiny device that can fit in your pocket.
Electromechanical Computers
There was a big push for technological advancement during World War II in order to gain the upper
hand in the war. The computers built during this time period were mainly electromechanical. The
calculations were performed by electrical switches that signaled the mechanical operation.
Konrad Zuse, German Computer Engineer, created Z2; one of the very first electromechanical relay
computers. It used fixed point arithmetic with 16–bits2. This was an upgrade from the previous one
he had made named the Z1. The Z1 had a 22 floating point bit, but was slower2. Therefore, Z2 was
more desired because it could compile data quicker.
Around the same time, electromechanical devices called 'bombes' were created by the British in
order to decipher the machines that the Germans had built during World War II3. The US later

The Projetion of the Perfection Paradox
The Projection of the Perfection Paradox
In René Descartes's Discourse on Method, "seeking the true method for arriving at knowledge" (p.
10) is the goal in which he states in the beginning of discourse. With that end in mind, by analyzing
proofs that Descartes finds it can be seen if this was achieved. The proof that God exist is a defining
moment in the discourse since God is continually referenced for origin of true knowledge. The
reference to God does not only set the stage for further proofs on knowledge, but as the original
truth, all of what Descartes finds real can be related back to God. This idea will be key in order to
keep the excising of the method going when Descartes falls stagnant when relating to the external
world (p. 19). Nevertheless, his two proofs of the existence of God affect the entire discourse either
logical or structurally. His reasoning for the both proofs is in someway exposed to either an
assumption or a logical mistake. While the need for two proofs reflects negatively on the way the
theme is structured through out the entire discourse. Inherently, the way these issue are dealt with
will show the proficiency of Descartes 's method. God's existence is a fundamental idea in the
Discourse on Method, since Descartes's method is unsuccessful to prove this idea with out any error;
the entire message of the discourse suffers.
Descartes's method, as shown in part two, is set up to ensure that he is conducting his reasoning with
the most

Historical Development Of The Ruled Based System Methodology
Historical Development of the Ruled–based system methodology 95 Computer–based clinical
decision support (CDS) system employ decision rules that either uses procedure rules or production
rules. A procedure is a compilation of data and logical statements that influence them by using
control structures to control the decision–making flow. A rule–based system, utilizing a heuristic
approach, comprises a set of statements called production rules. Production rules were initially
studied in the 1940s and used in a different field of grammar. According to Greenes (2014), they
were created as axioms to aid in rewriting strings as a section of the specification of a formal
grammar. This concept was then transferred to solving problems. It took the ... Show more content
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A final advantage to using the production rule is that only some rules may be altered to achieve a
result, compared to modifying the immense code in procedural rule systems (Greenes, 2014).
However, the production rules' independence in itself creates a disadvantage. Due to its independent
nature, the output action may not be able to be determined. This is amplified when the knowledge
base comprises over one hundred rules in its system. This vast rule system prevents a knowledge
engineer from finding similar rules when updating the knowledge base. Hence, specific tools were
created to circumvent this issue (Greenes, 2014). Furthermore, a rule–based system can implement
either a backward chain reasoning or a forward chain reasoning. In Figure 2.6: Rule–based system,
it illustrates the backward chain method, also referred to as goal–directed reasoning. Here, the goal
is to diagnose a disorder y which resides in the action part of the equation. Now, the inference
engine must ascertain if x (i.e., the condition) is true. Thus, the inference engine locates any
data/rules that make the condition x true. The rule is abandoned if it cannot fulfill the goal (Greenes,
2014). In contrast, the forward chain (also known as data driven reasoning) is utilized when data
assembles consistently in an application such as in patient monitoring. Here, the inference engine
employs new information or concluded values to apply any rules

Statement Of Purpose In Electronics And Communication...
Statement of purpose
"Electronics gadgets and communication systems of present age have tremendously improved the
quality of life. With the tempo of events throughout the world, it has become essential to have more
efficient communication network with the latest electronic devices and circuits." The strikingly first
sentence i read while going through a brochure after passing out from my secondary education and
this curiosity pushed me to explore further with on the internet to obtain an information about the
field.
I took an admission for diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, A gained
knowledge in the diploma prior to my bachelors degree has helped me to explore the field more
rigorously throughout my bachelor curriculum. I have completed my undergraduate Bachelor's
degree in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from Mumbai university in June 2012.
When I was a kid I always wonder how do microwave oven works how can we pick up a well
cooked cake within a few seconds ?? How does ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I wondered how can a simple logic of sensors can be implemented for the effective functioning of
trains. Here i started exploring the world of electronics by comprehending every other aspect of the
concepts developing the ability to use it in a different way so as to accomplish a traditional work in
more simplified and efficient manner. Diploma in Electronics and Communication engineering has
cleared my fundamentals of electronic devices (micro–controller, microprocessor), electrical circuits
with basic components like resistors, conductors, capacitors, ICs, encoders, decoders consequently
given a chance to integrate this components in circuit using bread boards as well as PCB designing.
I learned these concepts practically in the labs after the analysis of the theoretical

George Boole Research Paper
George Boole was an English mathematician and the founder of an algebraic tradition. George
Boole worked as a schoolmaster and from the year, 1849 to 1864, he was a professor of mathematics
at Queen's University in Cork Ireland. He was a math genius and also a fine humanitarian. George
Boole was born in 1815 in Lincoln. George did not receive much formal education yet he went on to
become one of the greatest mathematicians and educators of the 19th century Forced to become the
primary breadwinner of his family at the age of 16. George's passion was being dedicated in the
field of science and technology. He loved participating in Lincoln Mechanics Institution a
community social club promoting discussions as well as lectures

Euthyphro-Plato: What is Holiness? Essay
Euthyphro – Plato Holiness is a central theme in the Socratic dialogue with Euthyphro. Socrates has
taken up the ironic role of a student in the narrative as he attempts to gain knowledge of what
holiness entails, from Euthyphro. Socrates meets with Euthyphro as they meet at a court in Athens.
He seeks to gain knowledge on holiness, such that, he can use the insights in his trial against
Meletus. Earlier, Meletus had charged him for impiety in a court. This justifies the importance that
has been placed on the idea. In the ensuing dialogue, Euthyphro serves different definitions of
holiness to Socrates. However, each of these is questioned, casting ambiguity over his supposed
knowledge. In his first attempt, Euthyphro defines holiness as ... Show more content on
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& Jowett, 2013). Socrates refutes this definition since he views that the gods do not need to be
assisted by mortals. In his final attempt, Euthyphro defines holiness as an exchange between the
gods and human beings. The gods receive sacrifices from us, while we they grant our prayers in
exchange. In response, Socrates posits that this perspective implies correlates to the prior argument
on the gods' approval. He states that if holiness is gratifying to the gods, it is ambiguous as seen in
the argument concerning what the gods approve, and the influences behind them (Plato. & Gallop,
1997). From the dialogue, it is my understanding that Socrates posits that there is no universal
understanding of holiness. In that respect, holiness may be understood once our elaborate and true
beliefs or arguments have been defined and proven through logic. This is seen from the
inconclusiveness that characterises the end of the dialogue. This instance implies that the dialogue
has failed at defining holiness. The irony in Socrates arguments' highlights that; ideas have to be
proven before acceptance. This holds irrespective of who posits them. In my view, holiness refers to
the state of being good to all. It involves practicing the universal ideas of good, such as, kindness
and respect. Socrates would respond by questioning what the universal ideas of good are. In that
respect, he would probably argue that different societies have different perceptions of good. For
example,

Using Skepticism to Acquire Knowledge
"A skeptic is one who is willing to question any knowledge claim, asking for clarity in definition,
consistency in logic and adequacy of evidence." In the context of Theory of Knowledge, the
definition of logic is reasoning conducted according to strict principles of validity. The definition of
a knowledge claim is a statement that is assumed to be true. Adequacy is defined as the sufficiency
for a particular purpose. Using this knowledge, it is appropriate to say being a skeptic is a great
approach to acquire knowledge. For example in the Area of Knowledge of the natural sciences being
a skeptic is a great characteristic. Another prime example is in the Area of Knowledge of history. In
history, historians are always skeptical of others knowledge claims. They always are refining history
by using the same concepts as a skeptic would: asking for clarity in definition, consistency in logic
and adequacy of evidence. This process is a primary way that historians are able to acquire
knowledge. However, acquired knowledge is useless unless historians are able to comprehend and
utilize this knowledge, most easily by using the way of knowing of language and reason. By using
language historians are able verify terms and concepts with each other in order to check the clarity
of claims. With reason historians are able to check the validity of other claims in order to verify the
information. Based on the quote and references to theory of knowledge, I can conclude that being a
skeptic is

Definitions Of Vague Ideal And Vague Prime Ideal Of A Γ...
Vague Prime Ideals of a Γ–Semirings–II Y.Bhargavi Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics,
K.L.University, Guntur, India. yellabhargavi@gmail.com T.Eswarlal, Associate Professor,
Department of Mathematics, K.L.University, Guntur, India. eswarlal@kluniversity.in
Abstract The concepts of vague ideal and vague prime ideal of a Γ–semiring which is characterized
by a truth–membership function and a false membership function in a complete lattice satisfying
inﬁnite meet distributive law (i.e., CompleteBrouwerianLattice)areintroduced.
Furtherallvagueprimeideals of a Γ–semiring are determined by establishing a one–to–one
correspondence between vague prime ideals of a Γ–semiring and the pair (I,α), where I is
aprimeidealofaΓ–semiringand α isaprimeelementinthecompletelattice.
Key Words: Complete lattice, Brouwerian lattice, vague set, vague ideal, vague prime ideal.
Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation: 08A72, 20N25, 03E72.
1.Introduction In 1965, Zadeh.L.A[16] introduced the study of fuzzy sets. Mathematically a fuzzy
set on a set X is a mapping µ into [0, 1] of real numbers; for x in X, µ(x) is called the membership of
x belonging to X. The membership function gives only an approximation for belonging but it does
not give any information of not belonging. To overcome this, Gau.W.L and Buehrer.D.J[7]
introduced the concept of vague sets. A vague set A of a set X is a pair of functions (tA,fA), where
tA and fA are fuzzy sets on X satisfying tA(x)+fA(x)≤1, ∀ x ∈ X. A fuzzy set tA of X

The Film The Joy Of Logic With Professor Dave Cliff
Logic is a thought process formed by systems of reasoning and deductions, explained in the film
The Joy of Logic with Professor Dave Cliff. The film discusses the complex definition of logic
which includes formal reasons, "clear thought, good reasoning, reliable argument", which originated
in the times of Socrates and Aristotle. Furthermore, logic drives the fundamental process of reason
through a set of various rules. This mathematical and social revolution impacts the way people live
by affecting the way we speak to one another. Though often people do not consciously pay close
attention to how logic affects our speaking patterns, they do indefinitely. The phrases we use, for
example the film's beer example with the three logicians, is a way

Rhetorical Analysis
The Squint and the Wail Rhetorical Analysis "The Squint and the Wail" is an essay by Michael Hsu.
Hsu, a Taiwanese American author and editor, wrote this essay in order to express his views on the
negative connotations that occur with some of the racially charged objects present in society. More
specifically, the essay deals with the stereotypical nature of The Chin Family. The Chin Family is
the name of Stefano Giovannoni's tabletop collection, which includes salt and pepper shakers that
have the caricaturized facial expressions of Chinese people (Giovanni, 404). In this essay, Hsu talks
about the appalling nature of the stereotypical features and how those features pose a derogatory
inference to Chinese culture, but then ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His father even explained to him the historical reasoning behind the facial structure of the salt
shaker and the name "Chin" for the Chin family. This instance of logos is very strong for the reader
and the author. For the reader, it appeals to the logical aspects of racial identity. It makes one think
about how the views of a race from one racial group differ from that of the racial group being
analyzed. It also allows the reader to see race–related material from a different perspective. After
reading the piece, the reader should most likely have a different view on racially charged material.
As for the author, his comparisons appeal to his logical reasoning. It shows that he shouldn't have
jumped the gun and immediately felt defamed or insulted but instead should have done his research
more on the significance of the racial symbols of the tabletop collection. Michael Hsu conformed to
the general tradition present in writings that pertain to one defending his or her race. The mythos
present here can be seen by the initial attitude of the author. Traditionally, if one is defending his or
her race, they may tend to deviate from facts and move straight towards letting out emotions of
annoyance or outrage. Although mythos is present in this essay, it does not do a good job in
persuading the reader but instead highlights the fallacies present in the author's logic. It is because
the mythos highlights

What is a Computer?
What is a computer?
When trying to explain the computer to my grandparents I realizing just how complicated it is
Explaining what it is and why it's so powerful, the differences between data and information and
how the computer knows what to do.
First what is a computer? A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry
out a set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed,
the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. Conventionally, a computer consists of at
least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory.
The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control
unit that can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ARPANET's main job was to research computer networking in order to provide a safe, secure
communications system in case of war. (Internet)
If we didn't have computers we wouldn't have so much information at our finger tips it is
astonishing to think how computers came about, how would we get answers so quickly. A second
reason why computers are powerful is because people make them powerful by putting mass
information and data into them for easy access latter.
Third there is a difference between data and information Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to
be processed. Data can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized.
And information is when data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so
as to make it useful, it is called Information (contributors.) Information is interpreted data. An
example of data is a single person's bowling score is one piece of data and information is The
Bowling team's average score is the information that can be concluded from the given data.
(Introductory com2)
Finally how does a computer know what to do? Computers cannot run unless they have a
commander computers have programs that have special language telling it tasks to do. It is hard to
believe somebody just thought of an idea like this and was able to make it happen. In the past 50
years we have came up with several billion ideas that actually work out well! It is crazy to look
around everyday

Describe The Sudoku Puzzle
Most people must heard about or used to seen the Sudoku puzzle in newspaper, which is a world
famous game that need player to fill in the number one to nine in a 9×9 grid. However, there might
be not much people know that the Sudoku puzzle was developed Latin square is an n×n grid contain
the set of number {1,2,3...,n}. Every number occurs only once in each row and each column. We
called the n as order of the Latin Square. Some people might think solving this kind of puzzles did
not require mathematical knowledge and thinking. However the statement was wrong. Solving a
Latin square or Sudoku relied on the mathematical logical thinking. Although it is different from
solving algebra, geometry or other math questions that looks more 'mathematical', ... Show more
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There must be at least one number in each entry and that each number appears at most once in each
row and column. These are my conditions that need to be satisfied. At least a number appears in
each cell: ∧_(a=1)^4 ∧_(b=1)^4 ∨_(c=1)^4 L_abc Each number appears at most once in each row:
∧_(a=1)^3 ∧_(b=1)^4 ∧_(c=1)^4 ∧_(i=x+1)^4 (¬L_abc∨〖¬L〗_ibc) Each number appears at most
once in each column: ∧_(a=1)^4 ∧_(b=1)^3 ∧_(c=1)^4 ∧_(i=y+1)^4 (¬L_abc∨〖¬L〗_aic) This is
not the end. We need to show that there is exactly one number in each entry and that each number
appears exactly once in each row and column. We will show this by the inverse of the previous
encoding. At most one number appears in each cell: ∧_(a=1)^4 ∧_(b=1)^4 ∧_(c=1)^3 (¬L_abc∨
〖¬L〗_abi) Each number appears at least once in each row: ∨_(a=1)^3 ∧_(b=1)^4 ∧_(c=1)^4
L_abc Each number appears at least once in each column: ∧_(a=1)^4 ∨_(b=1)^3 ∧_(c=1)^4 L_abc
After we encoding the Latin square, we can apply those SAT inference techniques to the CNF
formulas that we just get form the previous steps. This was also had been known as a way to
simplify the formulas, since the additional information that we get from the CNF formulas will
eventually reduce the quantity of variables and clauses in a

Investigation And Analysis Technique : Fault Tree Analysis
Investigation and Analysis Technique
The following report examines a three types of investigation techniques – Fault Tree Analysis, Event
Tree Analysis and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. The methodology of the report is based on a
research on the developmental history and procedural methodology of these three analytical
techniques.
This research paper will identify the strength and weaknesses of all three techniques and an opinion
on which method is preferred. In the last section of the report, I will examine an accident scenario
and conduct an investigation using the Fault Tree Analysis method.
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
There are multiple causes of an accident or a loss–making event. The Fault Tree Analysis is one of
the many analytical techniques that is used for tracing the series of events that could contribute to an
accident (NEBOSH, 2010).
Who or What Company Developed The FTA and Why
The Fault Tree Analysis method was developed in 1962 at Bell Telephone Laboratories by H.A.
Watson, under a U.S. Air Force Ballistics Systems Division contract to evaluate the system safety
and reliability of the launch control system for the Minuteman Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
(ICBM) (NIOSH, 2010).
It was later adopted and applied by the Boeing Company as a systematic safety analysis method to
promote the safety of highly technical complex systems and the nuclear industry to improve the
safety and reliability of nuclear reactors (NIOSH, 2010).
What The FTA Is Used For

Design Automation Of Integrated Circuits And Fpga
ECE 501 Home Work Assignment Instructor: Eric J. Balster. Student: Modukuri Sri Harsha
INTRODUCTION:
VHDL – VHSIC HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE is a hardware description language
used in design automation to describe signals in integrated circuits and FPGA's. This is used to write
codes for the circuits and it is simulated. The test for the codes is done in the ALTERA. The
Simulation models are called as test bench. This Test bench is to verify the functionality of the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this we create a binary file that can program the DE2 board FPGA. Connect the power to board
and board to laptop through USB Blaster port. Here we finally test the design on FPGA.
Types of Execution: Here in this VHDL coding there are two types of executions that are used in it.
Dataflow type and Behavioral type. The Dataflow is executed using the Boolean expressions and the
signals that are given as inputs and outputs. In Behavioral type processing of signals takes place
inside the statement. In this signals are simulated in sequential order.
Designs: For F3: 00 01 11 10
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
00 01 11 10
From the above table we have 1 quad label and 4 pairs,
On solving the above K–Map we get an Boolean equation for the input A,B,C,D is given by F3:
B'C+A'B'D'+BC'D+A'BD+ACD'
For F2: 00 01 11 10
1

1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
00 01 11
10
From the above table we have 1 quad label and 1 pair and 4 singles,
On solving the above K–Map we get a Boolean

The Contributions Of George Bole And Boolean Logic
Christian Bur
Angel Poling
MATH 129
September 26, 2017
George Boole and Boolean Logic
If you own a computer, tablet, or smartphone, you already use the contributions of George Boole to
the worlds of technology and mathematics. Boole, an Englishman, was an intellectual who was
interested in many fields including poetry, languages, science, and metaphysics. However, it was his
interest in mathematics that drove him to pursue knowledge in many areas of the subject, and he
went on to write numerous papers and volumes on a variety of mathematic topics. Boole's
determination to find a way use algebra to manipulate and solve logical problems led to his greatest
contribution to society, Boolean logic, and set the stage for explosion of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
On his website, Luke Mastin explains, "Boole began to see the possibilities for applying his algebra
to the solution of logical problems...determined to find a way to encode logical arguments into a
language that could be manipulated and solved mathematically, he came up with a type of linguistic
algebra, now known as Boolean algebra" (Mastin). Boole devised a simplified system assigning
symbols and connectives (such as AND, OR, and NOT) to statements comparing sets of things or
ideas. He used a binary system that processed two objects (i.e. "true" and "false") that can be applied
to any logic statement. This logic system was later used in computer programming (by assigning a 1
for "true" and a "0" for false, for example) and in electrical circuitry (Mastin). Boole wrote and
published many academic documents and papers including On a general method of analysis, in
1843, and Mathematical Analysis of Logic in 1847. However, his most important work, and one that
defines his legacy, was his An investigation into the Laws of Thought, on Which are founded the
Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities, published in 1854, in which he explained the
ideas that would become Boolean algebra (O'Connor and Robertson). The concepts that Boole
developed and illustrated in his documents laid the foundation for computer programming and
contributed to the explosion of technological advances that have happened since. Boolean logic is
the basis for almost anything that is

Electronic Computers And Their Components
Electronic computers and their components are very complicated pieces of hardware and would be
impossible to completely explain every single intricacy in one essay. Although complicated they can
be explained but only one piece of hardware at a time so the best option to start would be explaining
the unit that has its hand in everything in a computer and that is known as the "Central Processing
Unit" also known as "CPU." In a modern computer are 6 main components that are required for a
computer to work. These components are the Motherboard, Central Processing Unit (CPU),
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Random Access Memory (RAM), Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or
Solid State Drive (SSD), and the Power Supply Unit (PSU). The motherboard acts as a highway for
every component to interact with each other. The CPU processes data and determines what to do
with it. Everything done on a computer will have to travel through the CPU at some point as the
CPU acts as traffic control on the highway. The GPU is in charge of processing everything visual or
different mathematical assets such as Floating Point Operations and many more. Everything you see
on the screen was processed by the GPU. RAM is temporary memory to be used by the CPU when
the computer is powered on. Open programs any other software store its memory in the RAM while
they are being used. RAM is used because it is much faster than using an HDD or SSD. In some
cases when the CPU and GPU are combined on the same silicon die they

Saadia Gaon‚Äôs four roots of knowledge
Saadia Gaon's four roots of knowledge Saadia Gaon was born and raised in Egypt from 882–942
CE. He was known as one of the most outstanding and inspiring leaders of the Jewry in his age.
Saadia was a prolific author who made contributions in Hebrew philogoy, Jewish liturgy, and
halakah. He also provided commentary on the bible and translated it into Arabic. Saadia is most
known for producing the first major medieval Jewish theological treatise: the Book of Beliefs and
Opinions (Seltzer 3).
In the Book of beliefs and opinions, Saadia Gaon presents the four roots of knowledge. Saadia
believes in order for a man to fully obtain the knowledge he seeks he must clearly understand all
four roots of knowledge. These four roots of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saadia believes dreams are erroneous and can lead to falsehood. What people do not know is that
that dreams can be produced through thoughts of yesterday which pass through the mind or by the
preponderance of one of the humors in the temperament (Lewy 156). However, Saadia also explains
dreams as being inspirations. They can be hints and images from above that inspire you. I tend to
differ with this assumption. I believe dreams are usually very unrealistic. I think dreams show
qualities that go far behind a human's capacity. Trying to live up to a dream can be extremely
difficult and result in one feeling badly about themselves.
The third root of knowledge Saadia explains is inferential knowledge, or roots of necessary
knowledge. This root of knowledge allows us to make decisions based on our senses without
complete belief in the matter. For example, making an assumption that there is a fire because we see
smoke. Fire generates smoke, and one cannot exist without the other. Thus, we believe in things
based on the co existing things that go along with it. Saadia describes this root as "a proposition in
which a man cannot deny without being compelled to deny at the same time some proposition
obtained from reason or sense perception" (Lewy 154). Where there is truth in the present
proposition there is no way in denying the previous proposition. Another example is our belief that a
man posses a soul.

Argument Of An Open Source Visualisation Tool
Argument Visualisation tools
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
Argumentation is the area that studies the relation between a claim and any statement that supports
or opposes this claim.
Argument visualisation is the way to present the arguments, which make it easy way to analysis and
evaluate. There are many tools help to visualise arguments used different type of visualisation, such
as, network, tree, and table.
Argument graph is import to summarize the complex argument on documents, which make all the
argument's elements and relation clear and explicit. Also it can play role in making decision. The
decision can be taken after analysis the graph and find solution for problems.
3. Background
3.1. Network Visualisation:
It is type of visualisation which support directed and undirected graph. The graph consists of nodes
and lines.
3.1.1. CompendiumLD: is an open source visualisation tool that is usually used for learning
purposes [1]. It helps education's staff to organise their ideas, design learning tutorials, and share
relevant materials with students. CompendiumLD has a clear layout as Fig. 1 shows. This tool
consists of sets of icons. Users can simply drag and drop the icons and use arrows to link between
the icons and describe task's direction between them. The icons are divide to groups according to
their objectives [2]. Some icons are used for learning design while other are used to express
conditional issues in the task. For example, if a student passes the

Euthyphro, by Plato
In what is noted as one of Plato first accounts, we become acquainted with a very intriguing man
known as Socrates; a man, whose ambition to seek knowledge, inevitably leaves a significant impact
on humanity. Most of all, it is methodologies of attaining this knowledge that makes him so
mesmerizing. This methodology is referred to as Socratic irony, in literature. In any case, I will
introduce the argument that Plato's Euthyphro is extremely indicative of this type of methodology,
for the reason being that: Socrates's portrays a sense of intellectual humility. I will begin by,
imposing the distinction between Socratic irony, and the one that is more familiar. As mentioned in
the preceding section. The basic irony is simply ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First he states that: "people regard the same things, some as just and others as unjust,–about these
they dispute; and so there arise wars and fighting's among them"(...) After, Euthyphro concurs to this
statement Socrates then makes the suggestion that: "Then the same things are hated by the gods and
loved by the gods, and are both hateful and dear to them?"(...)Likewise, Euthyphro also concurs to
this statement, which eventually leads to their coherent agreement that in fact, pious and impious
things can be the same thing. At this point, a switch of roles is observed, Euthyphro position is now
downgraded to student as oppose to is initial role as teacher. This reversal of positions illustrates the
element of Socratic irony. If we recall, Socrates initially gives the notion that he his ignorant on the
issue; nonetheless, he ends up having the upper hand in the dialogue, by simply asking questions,
manipulating ideas and still allowing Euthyphro to recognize his ignorance. The fact that Euthyphro
is constantly concurring and reasoning to majority of Socrates's ideas validates the fact that the
method is immensely effective. In addition, throughout the dialogue Socrates consistently makes
reference to the amount of knowledge Euthyphro holds; however, it is apparent that such praise is
merely just a piece of his heap of tactics: "You, Meletus, as I shall say to him, acknowledge
Euthyphro to be a great theologian, and

A New Approach to Portfolio Matrix Analysis for Strategic...
A NEW APPROACH TO PORTFOLIO MATRIX ANALYSIS
FOR STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING
1
2
Vladimir Dobrić , Boris Delibašić
Faculty of organizational science, vdobric@fon.rs
2
Faculty of organizational science, delibasic.boris@fon.rs
1
Abstract: Portfolio matrix is probably the most important tool for strategic marketing planning,
especially in the strategy selection stage. Position of the organization in the portfolio matrix and it's
corresponding marketing strategy depends on the aggregation of values of relevant strategic factors.
Traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis uses averaging function as an aggregation operator.
This approach is very limited in realistic business environment characterized by complex ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is clear that the use of weighted arithmetic mean as an aggregation operator can't express all the
possible interactions between strategic factors that exist in a realistic business environment. This
explains why the traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis is highly limited, with the
inherited weaknesses that can't be overcome without substantial modification. Therefore, under
previous conditions, it is obvious that a new approach to portfolio matrix analysis is needed. This
new approach must take in consideration all the possible forms of interactions between strategic
factors that can occur in a realistic business environment.
These interactions can be expressed with a logical aggregation operator, so a new approach to
portfolio matrix analysis can be based on this operator. W eighted arithmetic mean and other known
aggregation operators are just, as we will see in the following sections, special cases of logical
aggregation operator.
2. THE MCDONALD'S DIRECTIONAL POLICY MATRIX (DPM)
Although the DPM, like other models of portfolio matrices, attempts to define an organization's
strategic position and strategy alternatives, this objective can't be met without considering what is
meant by the term
„organization". The accepted level at which an organization can be analysed using the DPM is that

of the
„strategic business unit". The most common

Heidegger And The Logic Of Categorical Syllogisms
Heidegger and the Logic of Categorical Syllogisms
According to traditional syllogistic logic, which has its roots in Aristotle, there are four types of
propositions: the A proposition ("All S are P"), the E proposition ("No S are P"), the I proposition
("Some S are P"), and the O proposition ("Some S are not P"). These propositional types represent
all of the possible combinations of the dichotomies of affirmative/negative and universal/particular.
Each makes a claim that a certain essent (the particular I and O propositions) or an entire class of
essents (the universal A and E propositions), the subject or subject–class, relates in some way
(belongs or does not belong) to a class of essents designated by the predicate of the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Heidegger, the meaning of a word can never be completely divorced from its etymology;
Steiner, in his work on Heidegger, quotes and then translates Heidegger, saying, "`Das Wort
"Philosophie" spricht jetzt griechisch.' This means, literally, that the word itself, if we hear it rightly,
speaks Greek." (Steiner 22) Steiner later summarizes Heidegger's attempt to find an explanation for
Being [Sein] by tracing the etymological roots of the German word. Heidegger, according to Steiner,
finds three roots for different forms of the German verb Sein. The German ist comes from the Indo–
European es, and is translated by Heidegger as "life itself" and "the integral." The German bin and
bist derive from the Indo–European bheu, which is translated by Heidegger as "that which declares
itself as a phenomenon." Finally, the German Wesen is derived from the Sanskrit vasami, which is
translated roughly as "to belong to and in." (Steiner 46)
Does this etymological study bear any relationship to formal logic, or have we wandered far afield?
As it turns out, this examination has important bearings on the theory and evaluation of categorical
syllogisms. Various forms of the English verb "to be" have differing etymologies, as well. The
English "is" has the same etymological root as the German ist, which means that it also (at least for
Heidegger) carries the meanings of "life itself" and "the integral." The

Explain What Is Meant By The Term Conditionally Executed
Short Answer 1. Explain what is meant by the term "conditionally executed". Conditionally
executed is called a single alternative decision structure because it provides only one alternative path
of execution. The action is conditionally executed because it is performed only when a certain
condition is true. 2. You need to test a condition and then execute one set of statements if the
condition is true. If the condition is false, you need to execute a different set of statements. What
structure will you use? I will use the "If" statement because it is a dual alternative decision structure.
3. If you need to a test the value of a variable and use that value to determine which statement or set
of statements to execute, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If x > 100 y = 20 z = 40 End If 2. Design an If–Then statement (or a flowchart with a single
alternative decision structure) that assigns 0 to the variable b and assigns 1 to the variable c if the
variable is a less than 10. If a < 10 Then b = 0 c = 1 End If 3. Design an If–Then–Else statement
(or a flowchart with a dual alternative decision structure) that assigns 0 to the variable b if the
variable a is less than 10. Otherwise, it should assign 99 to the variable b. If a < 10 b = 0 Else If b
= 99 End If 4. The following pseudo code contains several nested If–Then–Else statements.
Unfortunately, it was written without proper alignment and indentation. Rewrite the code and use
the proper conventions of alignment and indentation. If score < 60 Then Display "Your grade is
F." Else If score < 70 Then Display "Your grade is D." Else If score < 80 Then Display "Your
grade is C." Else If score < 90 Then Display "Your grade is B." Else Display 'Your grade is A."
End If End If End If End If 5. Design nested decision structures that perform the following: If

Advantages Of Fuzzy Logic System
From the above model we can make an overall idea about fuzzy logic system.Crisp input is dump
into the' Fuzzifier'..All those input should be defined as "set of input with different fuzzy ideas or
beliefs".All the input sets will be sent to Inference Engine which is connected with different fuzzy
rules which are nothing but some if–else statement.These if–else statement are used to define
different situations or conditions.So it is very obvious that we can impose different condition to the
fuzzy input sets.The main objective inference engine is matching the input data with different if else
statement and produce the fuzzy output.Next,all the sets of fuzzy output will be sent to the
Defuzzifier for the optimization of the given output sets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a small scenario that is described which is based on sales amount. If the company wants to
impose any other condition,they can easily do that by using ths fuzzy xquery technique.so it is easy
to understand that by using fuzzy membership function we are getting more efficient output than the
output which was genetred by the simple query method.Fuzzy crisp input is taking the values on the
basis of given membership function and produce the optimized output by calculating them within
the aspiration level.This aspiration level is playing a very vital role because all the three fuzzy
funcaion are balanced by these aspiration

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction by...
While reading the article, "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" by Walter
Benjamin, it is clear to grasp the idea being portrayed. The author is determined to prove to his
readers how the advancement of humanity has led to drastic changes in how we create and perceive
artwork. Mechanical reproduction of a work of art, however, represents something new. Historically,
it advanced intermittently and in leaps at long intervals, but with accelerated intensity. One of the
questions brought up in the article is: Has the aura of art been altered through its mechanical
reproduction? Walter Benjamin offers several strong examples to describe exactly what aura is and
how mechanical reproduction drastically alters this deep sensation in original artwork. Moreover, he
includes two key concepts of ritual and tradition throughout the article. The author does a good job
of explaining how the mechanical reproduction of artifacts can negatively influence the traditional
form of fine art. In other words, art was simply a craft that was man–made before we had the ability
to duplicate it. The custom of creating art was considerably altered when mechanical reproduction
started. Hence, the original or "traditional" way of producing fine art was completely changed.
Secondly, Walter Benjamin uses the concept of ritual, which he has also clearly defined within his
article. Using context clues, we can deduce that he believes the aura of any art is never disconnected
from its

ethical neutrality
ETHICAL NEUTRALITY In what follows, when we use the term "evaluation" we will mean,
where nothing else is implied or expressly stated, practical value–judgments as to the unsatisfactory
or satisfactory character of phenomena subject to our influence. The problem involved in the
"freedom" of a given discipline from evaluations of this kind, i.e., the validity and the meaning of
this logical principle, is by no means identical with the question which is to be discussed shortly,
namely, whether in teaching one should or should not declare one's acceptance of practical
evaluations, regardless of whether they are based on ethical principles, cultural ideals or a
philosophical outlook. This question cannot be settled scientifically. It is ... Show more content on
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On that account, in the last analysis, it must be decided only with reference to those tasks which the
individual, according to his own set of values, assigns to the universities. Those who on the basis of
their qualifications as university teachers assign to the universities, and thereby to themselves, the
universal role of forming character, of inculcating political, ethical, aesthetic, cultural or other
beliefs, will take a different position from those who believe it necessary to affirm the proposition
and its implications – that university teaching achieves really valuable effects only through
specialised training by specially qualified persons. Hence, "intellectual integrity" is the only specific
virtue which universities should seek to inculcate. The first point of view can be defended from as
many different ultimate evaluative standpoints as the second. The second – which I personally
accept – can be derived from a most enthusiastic as well as from a thoroughly modest estimate of
the significance of "specialised training". In order to defend this view, one need not be of the
opinion that everyone should become as much a pure "specialist" as possible. One may, on the
contrary, espouse it because one does not wish to see the ultimate and deepest personal decisions
which a person must make regarding his life, treated exactly as if they were the same as specialised
training.

How Technology Has Changed Real Time Digital Operations

Abstract– VLSI technology has been the cornerstone of every technological achievement in the past
century, but as Gordon
Moore predicted it is nearing its saturation. A lot of other technologies have been researched upon to
fulfill the needs of the fast paced world; one of the potential replacements is Quantum
Dots Cellular Automata technology which uses Nano–sized particles to realize real time digital
operations. The advantage of
QCA technology over its VLSI counterpart is a set of characteristics like drastic decrease in area
consumed, less power consumption, reduced time taken for execution and higher overall efficiency.
In this paper we discuss one of the many fundamental blocks of the digital technology that is a
simple
Serial register (SISO, SIPO). It finds its applications in every field be it medical where timer based
equipment's are used to monitor health or any day to day activity in which a memory unit is used.
Index Terms–Serial register, QCA technology, Quantum dot,
VLSI Technology.
I. INTRODUCTION
NE of the most promising nanotechnologies in the present day scenario in a pool of various
technologies in the research phase is Quantum–Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) which is able to
replace the CMOS technology. As we see in the current scenario there is rapid scaling of CMOS
technology to accommodate millions, now probably billions of transistors in a specified area as
efficiently as possible. As predicted by Gordon Moore, in the next few years CMOS is set to hit a

Embryonic Research
Many women are eager to become a mother, but infertility prevents some women from satisfying
this need. However, modern biotechnologies combined with changed norms of culture now provide
them reproductive choices such as in vitro fertilization. In order to develop these reproductive
choices, we need to research on living human embryo. Because its procedures terminate the life of
embryo, embryonic research stirs up public attention on its morality. Society questions if these
methods are morally right. Do they violate the meaning of personhood and life? Do we kill a human
when we research the embryos? These questions are asking our foundation of morality. We must be
cautious and avoid any logical fallacies when we answer them. Using ... Show more content on
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In this essay, Gorovitz points out several logical fallacies in embryonic research opponent essays,
including Kass'. For instance, one of his arguments is that opposing essays usually use slippery
slope arguments, stating that starting of artificial insemination would lead us to social disaster (117).
He argues that the slippery slope arguments are not valid in this discussion because they never
provide any rational evidences why we cannot stop after we start down this path. Gorovitz claims
that "Collectively we have significant capacity to exercise judgment and control" (118) so the
practice of artificial insemination will not lead us to the disaster. There are few more ill logics in
Kass' and other opposing essays that Gorovitz has pointed out. Ironically, however, logical fallacies
he uses to attack his opponents also appear in his essay too.
Another Gorovitz's important argument is the argument against Kass' statement, "The human
embryo is not mere meat; it is not just stuff; it is not a 'thing'" (Kass 102). Gorovitz argues that
according to Kass' statement, human cadavers which are also not mere meat, not just stuff, not the
thing, should be protected from being used for research purpose too. But since it is acceptable to use
human cadavers in research, in medical education, and in organs transplant, Gorovitz claims that
these using of cadavers justify using of embryos as well. In this comparison,

Boole's Argument
Aristotle (384–322) and George Boole (1815–1864) are both highly regarded logicians. Aristotle is
undeniably the elevated of the two as he paved the way for Boole's work when he created logic,
although, this is not by any means to diminish Boole's work. He geniusly developed Boolean
algebra. While both logicians profoundly contributed to many areas, their standpoints on the set
theory and consequently their interpretation of the square opposition greatly differ. Before
expounding upon how the Aristotle and Boole's views differ it is critical to first note what is called
existential import. Existential import is defined in the text as "an attribute of a categorical
proposition by which it implies that one or more things denoted by the subject ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of these is illicit contrary which occurs from an "incorrect application of contrary" (Hurley
263). An example of this fallacy is, It is false that all makeup artists are people that enhance beauty.
Therefore, no makeup artists are people that enhance beauty. Illicit subcontrary is another fallacy
which occurs from an "incorrect application of subcontrary" (Hurley 263). For example, Some dogs
are not cute. Therefore, some dogs are cute. The third formal fallacy is titled illicit subalternation
and it occurs from an "incorrect application of subalternation" (Hurley 263). For example, Some
french fries are not salted. Therefore, no french fries are salted. The existential fallacy may also
occur when "contrary, subcontrary, or subalternation are used on premises whose subject terms refer
to nonexistent things" (Hurley 263). For example, All mermaids who swim near boats are brave
women. Therefore, some mermaids who swim near boats are brave

Essay about Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide
Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide
My friends in the English department often ask me to explain the difference I so often talk about
between analytic and continental philosophy. For some odd reason they want to relate our discipline
with theirs in an effort, maybe, to understand both better. Thus, I welcome the opportunity offered
by Schuylkill's general theme this year to give a very general and un–rigorous presentation on
Philosophy, intended for the University Community at large.
One fine, if annoying, tradition in philosophy is that of hedging our bets. It's the fine art of being
slippery. And we actually think it's motivated by a wish to be exacting. Accordingly, I should begin
such a paper by saying that neither ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But perhaps you don't know about Descartes, the founder of "modern philosophy," and the most
armchair of the armchair philosophers. Doubting all that can be possibly doubted, no matter how he
tried he couldn't bring it about that he ceased to exist. He thought, and this established the idea of
himself as innate to himself. Of course John Locke wasn't having any of this. He announced that his
mind was a tabula rasa (blank slate) endowed instead with certain "capacities" and filled in like an
empty cabinet by the world of sense.
Thus the rationalist/empiricist tradition was born. Through many torturous turns it persists into the
analytic and continental divide. Indeed, it is still an open question whether analytic philosophy has
ever left this early beginning or whether it remains, as according to Joseph Margolis (Temple), "Pre–
Kantian" (Historied 57). Margolis argues that analytic philosophy, to the extent that it does not
eschew "all cognitive privilege" and a "principled disjunction between an independent actual world
and the world we experience and claim to know," is Pre–Kantian, particularly most forms of
"externalism"––the view that all thought contents are individuated at least partly by "external"
factors in the environment. In contrast, it is difficult to find an example of what I would call
"Continental" philosophy

Annotated Bibliography On Import Java
// to play, just run the program
import java.applet.Applet; import java.applet.AudioClip; import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL; import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem; import
javax.sound.sampled.Clip;
public class TTT
{
public static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
public static void reset(char[][] board) { for (int i = 0; i < board.length; i++) for (int j = 0; j <
board[0].length; j++) board[i][j] = ' '; }
public static void show(char[][] board) { int rows = board.length; int cols = board[0].length;
System.out.println(); System.out.print(" "); for (int i = 0; i < cols; i++) System.out.print(i + " ");
System.out.print( ' '); System.out.println(); for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) { System.out.print(i + " ");
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) { if (j != 0) System.out.print("|"); System.out.print(" " + board[i][j] + "
"); } System.out.println(); if (i != (rows – 1)) { System.out.print(" "); for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) { if
(j != 0) System.out.print("+"); System.out.print("–––"); } System.out.println(); } }
System.out.println(); }
public static void userTurn(char[][] board, char user) { System.out.print("
Enter the row and then column: "); int rows =

K-Maps
Question 1 2 / 2 points Looping on a K–map always results in the elimination of: variables within
the loop that appear only in their uncomplemented form. variables that remain unchanged within the
loop. Correct Response variables within the loop that appear in both complemented and
uncomplemented form. variables within the loop that appear only in their complemented form.
Question 2 2 / 2 points In a K–Map the number of squares in a cover (loop) is allways a power of
two. Correct Response True False Question 3 2 / 2 points What theorem is used when two terms in
adjacent squares are combined? Correct Response Uniting Elimination Multiplying and factoring
Consensus Question 4 0 / 2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is true about the expression of f given in the figure? a) The given expression of f represents the
minimum solution. b) An expression of f in product–of–sums that gives the minimu cost for f exits
and is equivalent in cost to the minimum solution in sum–of–products. c) Both options a) and b are
true Incorrect Response d) The given expression for f does not follow the covers (loops) shown in
the K–map. Correct Answer e) None of the above is true Question 11 3 / 3 points The figure above
shows the corresponding K–Map of the function F(X1,X2,X3). What is the expression
corresponding to the minimum cost of F? X1'X2'X3'+X1'X2X3'+X1X2'X3+X1X2X3 X1'X2'+X1X3
X1'X3'+X1X2 Correct Response None of the above Question 12 0 / 3 points The figure above
shows the K–map of a four variable f(A,B,C,D). What is true about f? Incorrect Response Only a
sum–of–products expression gives the minimum solution. Only product–of–sums expression gives
the minimum solution. Correct Answer Either a sum–of–products or a product– of–sums gives
minimum cost expression. A minimum solution for F will have at least three terms with three
literlas. Question 13 0 / 3 points In the K–Map of the figure above, which of the following is

Konwledge and Survival
Knowledge nowadays are the utmost significant thing needed by everyone in order to survive in this
so called cruel world. But what kind of knowledge need to be kept and what is need to be discarded
considering the time frame which is 'today–tomorrow'? Today might not really mean on this
particular day and date but it might as well mean the exact moment when a knowledge is classified
as knowledge. Likewise, tomorrow might not really mean tomorrow but it tends to be the future. As
knowledge is not totally valued by its function, it might be discarded in the days ahead. In other
words, it is ignored. But for the knowledge to be accepted, it needs someone to make the knowledge
stay and this someone can be the society or the authority. Therefore, I am going to discuss does
knowledge in arts is treated the same way as in natural sciences with regard to time? Arts is the
expression of human creativity and to argue with the knowledge question, I claim that yesterday's
knowledge acquired in arts will not be discarded in the future. Knowledge in arts is insisted to be
subjective as it overlaps with all areas of knowledge. To gain knowledge from arts is said to be done
by asking yourself what they mean to you and what you can learn from them. "Creativity takes
courage" said Henri Matisse, a French artist. To appreciate the arts, one should not discard the
knowledge because knowledge in arts can become knowledge in history. For instance, the
prehistoric sculptures that we know today

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