![Computing with Directed Labeled Graphs Marko A. Rodriguez Los Alamos National Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel University of California at Santa Cruz [email_address] http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~okram](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-1-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Mini-CV. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-2-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![My infrastructure. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-3-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Main projects. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Digital Library Research and Prototyping Team](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-4-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![The history of this talk. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-5-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Outline. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-6-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Outline. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-7-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![What is a computer? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-8-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![The Turing machine. ,[object Object],[object Object],A. M. Turing. On computable numbers, with an application to the entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 42(2):230–265, 1937.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-9-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Turing completeness. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-10-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![The Von Neumann architecture. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],J. von Neumann. The principles of large-scale computing machines. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 10(4):243–256, 1988 Processor ( M* ) Data ( D_M ) Instructions ( M ) Memory ( D )](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-11-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![What is in memory? ,[object Object],[object Object],Memory Data: Integer, Float, Memory Address, etc. opcode Instruction: add, subtract, goto 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-12-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![What are the types of data? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* This is not the standard two’s complement convention. 16 8 4 2 1 * ASCII 7-bit standard for representing characters.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-13-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![What are the types of instructions? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A D D 7 43 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-14-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![How does a processor compute? ,[object Object],[object Object],Data ( D_M ) Instructions ( M ) Memory ( D ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 load 7 0 load 8 1 add 0 1 2 store 2 7 goto 0 noop 1..2..3..4..5.. 1 PC Processor ( M* ) 0 1 2 3 registers * Note that memory does not represent characters, just 0 or 1. ALU](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-15-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Virtual computing machines. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-16-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Programming patterns through the ages. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Note that all patterns are ultimately represented as lists of instructions in memory.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-17-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Object orientation and its relationship to a network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],marko johan hasFriend hasPaycode $10,000 0000 hasAmount](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-18-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Outline. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-19-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![The undirected network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],i j](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-20-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![The directed network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],i j](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-22-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![The semantic network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],i j s](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-24-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Modeling computing data structures with a network. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-26-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![A network analog to the Turing model. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],M. A. Rodriguez and J. Bollen. Modeling computations in a semantic network substrate. in review at International Journal of Semantic Computing, LA-UR-07-3678, 2007.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-27-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Obviously a network can represent computer instructions and virtual machines. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-33-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Outline. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-34-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![A standardized semantic network data model. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],T. Berners-Lee and J. Hendler. Publishing on the Semantic Web. Nature, 410(6832):1023–1024, April 2001.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-35-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Triple store technology. SELECT ?a ?c WHERE { ?a type human ?a wrote ?b ?b type article ?c wrote ?b ?c type human ?a != ?c } ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-36-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Open computing. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],M. A. Rodriguez and J. Shinavier. The RDF Virtual Machine. in review at 2008 World Wide Web Conference, Beijing, China, 2007.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-40-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Distributed computing. ,[object Object],[object Object],R/T : Virtual Machine and Stored Program D? : Data](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-41-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Reflective computing. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-42-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![A new level of abstraction. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-43-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Outline. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-44-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
![Future research objectives. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],V. B. Mountcastle. An organizing principle for cerebral function: the unit model and the distributed system. In G. Edelman and V. Mountcastle, editors, Mindful Brain: Cortical Organization and the Group-Selective Theory of Higher Brain Function. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1978.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cnls-computing-networks-100428005645-phpapp01/75/computing-with-directed-labeled-graphs-45-2048.jpg?cb=1668192782)
Computing with Directed Labeled Graphs
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Computing with Directed Labeled Graphs
- 1. Computing with Directed Labeled Graphs Marko A. Rodriguez Los Alamos National Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel University of California at Santa Cruz [email_address] http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~okram
- 21. Example undirected network. Herbert Marko Aric Ed Zhiwu Alberto Jen Johan Luda Stephan Whenzong
- 23. Example directed network. Muskrat Bear Fish Fox Meerkat Lion Human Wolf Deer Beetle Hyena
- 25. Example semantic network. SantaFe Marko NewMexico Ryan California UnitedStates LANL livesIn worksWith cityOf originallyFrom stateOf stateOf locatedIn hasLab Cells Atoms madeOf madeOf researches Oregon southOf hasResident Arnold governerOf northOf
- 28. Network representations of the various software patterns. 7 0 load load 8 1 add 0 1 2 store 8 1 someProcedure opA opB opA opA opA opB opB opB opC nextInst nextInst nextInst nextInst 7 0 load load 8 1 add 0 1 2 store 8 1 opA opB opA opA opA opB opB opB opC nextInst nextInst nextInst nextInst 7 0 load load 8 1 add 0 1 2 store 8 1 opA opB opA opA opA opB opB opB opC nextInst nextInst nextInst nextInst someObject hasBody hasBody hasMethod List of Instructions Procedure Object someProcedure
- 29. Objects and their relationship to each other and their methods. 7 0 load load 8 1 add 0 1 2 store 8 1 opA opB opA opA opA opB opB opB opC nextInst nextInst nextInst nextInst charges marko hasBody hasMethod 7 0 load load 8 1 add 0 1 2 store 8 1 opA opB opA opA opA opB opB opB opC nextInst nextInst nextInst nextInst addMoney 0000 hasBody hasMethod 7 0 load load 8 1 add 0 1 2 store 8 1 opA opB opA opA opA opB opB opB opC nextInst nextInst nextInst nextInst angry johan hasBody hasFriend hasPaycode hasMethod $10,000 hasAmount * Though not represented, each method should have different instructions.
- 30. A virtual machine at its relationship to instructions. PC (current instruction) Method variables LIFO Stack
- 31. Physics and its relationship to the virtual machine. M. A. Rodriguez. General-purpose computing on a semantic network substrate. accepted with revisions at Journal of Web Semantics, LA-UR-07-2885, 2007. * Not for the faint of heart. * Ultimately, the only true “computer” is physics. All computing representations must be grounded in physics.
- 32. Mapping a semantic network to an undirected network. A computing infrastructure can be represented by dots and lines. M. A. Rodriguez. Mapping Semantic Networks to Undirected Networks. in review at International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, LA-UR-07-5287, 2007.
- 37. Triple store vs. relational database Triple store Relational Database SQL Interface SPARQL Interface SELECT (?x4) WHERE { ?x1 dc:creator lanl:LAUR-06-2139. ?x1 lanl:hasFriend ?x2 . ?x2 lanl:worksFor ?x3 . ?x3 lanl:collaboratesWith ?x4 . ?x4 lanl:hasEmployee ?x1 . } SELECT collaboratesWithTable.ordId2 FROM personTable, authorTable, articleTable, friendTable, hasEmployeeTable, organizationTable, worksForTable, collaboratesWithTable WHERE personTable.id = authorTable.personId AND authorTable.articleId = "dc:creator LAUR-06-2139" AND personTable.id = friendTable.personId1 AND friendTable.personId2 = worksForTable.personId AND worksForTable.orgId = collaboratesWithTable.orgId2 AND collaboratesWithTable.ordId2 = personTable.id
- 38. A distributed semantic network data model. 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.5 127.0.0.2 127.0.0.3 127.0.0.6 127.0.0.4
- 39. An RDF program. <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d00-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov/demo#Example> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d00-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasMethod> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d01-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d01-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov/demo#130ec6a7-8f0a-4f49-adec-b399c849bb9b> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d01-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasArgumentDescriptor> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d03-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d03-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#ArgumentDescriptor> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d03-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#_a0> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d02-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d02-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#Argument> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d02-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasSymbol> "n"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d02-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasType> "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d01-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasMethodName> "test"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d01-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasBlock> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d04-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d04-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#Block> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d04-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#nextInst> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d05-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d05-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#Set> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d05-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasLeft> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d06-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d06-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#LocalVariable> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d06-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasSymbol> "n"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d05-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasRight> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d07-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d07-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#PopLiteral> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d05-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#nextInst> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d08-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d08-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#Block> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d08-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#nextInst> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d09-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d09-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#PushValue> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d09-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasValue> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0a-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0a-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#LocalDirect> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0a-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasURI> "0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d09-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#nextInst> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0b-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0b-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#Set> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0b-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasLeft> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0c-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0c-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#LocalVariable> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0c-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasSymbol> "i"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0b-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasRight> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0d-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0d-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#PopLiteral> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0b-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#nextInst> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0e-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0e-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://neno.lanl.gov#LessThan> . <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0e-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> <http://neno.lanl.gov#hasLeft> <http://neno.lanl.gov/instance#42a65d0f-71c4-11dc-96bb-000014095701> . … .. .