The Oceans Of The Ocean

The Oceans Of The Ocean
Oceans are bodies of saline water that make up for much of the Earth's hydrosphere. Approximately,
oceans cover 71% of Earth's surface and 90% of the Earth's biosphere. There are five oceans that
cover our globe– Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern or Antarctic and Arctic. In spite of all the water
surrounding us, we know very little of the oceans and the life within them. The mysteries are awe
inducing as well as leave you in fear.
1. Unknown sounds.
In 1997, NOAA hydrophones picked up one of the loudest sounds ever recorded off the southern
coast of South America– the Bloop was recorded by two hydrophones nearly 3,000 miles (4,800
kilometres) apart. Another sound named Julia was recorded in 1999. According to NOAA, the most
likely explanation for these two sounds is that it was the sound of a large iceberg fracturing.
2. Underwater rivers.
When seawater dribbles through thick layers of salt, the salt dissolves and forms depressions in the
seafloor. That dissolved salt makes the water in that area denser and it settles into the depressions.
These underwater lakes and rivers, also called brine pools, are similar to land–based rivers – they
have shorelines, and even waves.
3. Milky Sea Phenomenon.
The Milky Sea Phenomenon, most common in the Indian Ocean occurs on account of
bioluminescent bacterial action. These cause the water to turn blue, which to the naked eye appear
as milky white in colour in the darkness. The Milky Sea phenomenon has been recognized to be in
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Safavid Architecture
The architecture and landscape design of the Palace of the Alhambra has been called "sensuous"
because the alhambra engages the senses of sight, smell and sound.The palace was made to engage
the viewer in all sense and showcase their own power. The patrons uses artists around the middle
east who craftsmen in area. The palace was designed to engage the mind. The palace brought a force
of nature into play in the place. Visually, the palace engages the eyes the artwork embed in the
building itself. The careful place bordered tree, bushes sunken flower beds, and the sudden glimpse
of of mountains or gardens framed in a casement miradors and belvederes. Which is also cunningly
placed to exploit the sight line over entire landscape around ... Show more content on
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While one went with simplistic and another went complex and detail in artwork. The Süleymaniye
Mosque shows white marble mihrab and mimbar are simple in design with simple designs in ivory.
The original complex consisted of the mosque itself, a hospital, school, public baths, four Qur'an
schools, a medical college, and a public kitchen. The The Shah Mosque of Isfahan show the best of
the Safavid, the complex, delicate and amazing detail artwork in architecture. The entrance–iwan to
the mosque takes the form of a semicircle, a recessed half–moon, the arch framed by turquoise
ornament and decorated detail stalactite tilework, the two minarets, topped by beautifully carved,
wooden balconies with many stalactites running down the

Mineral Observation
Upon entering the Hall of Gems and Mineral, you are plunged into the deep recesses of space where
meteorites, the gems of space, rule. The roof of the Moon, Meteorites, and the Solar System gallery
section was painted pitch black like the night sky. Along the roof, there were lights on tracks so that
they could be moved to highlight specific pieces in the exhibit. These lights also seem to represent
stars in the night sky, because they were bright, you could see them, but they were out of reach. The
lights on the roof of this section that were pointing to meteors had shades over them, I believe this
was to protect the specimens from light damage. There were also large cases the held meteor
specimens that were not to be touched. These cases had light attics. The lights ... Show more content
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The entrance for that gallery was interesting. It was a giant 3d rendering of the earth. The entrance
was cut through the rendering creating the illusion of visitors entering the earth. Since the section
discusses what goes on within the earth I thought that the opening was fitting. There were a great
deal of displays that lit up from within, which would illuminate the words on the display making
them easier to read in the dark sections. I believe that this displays used fiber optic lights or LED
lights because they were bright but the displays gave off no heat. In the Hall of Geology, Gems and
Minerals the lighting of the overall exhibit was much brighter. There was a greater variety of lights
used in this area. In the roof the where more lights on tracks, but there were also what seemed to be
florescent lights in roof. There were LED lights or fiber optic lights in some the cases. In this
sections many of the rocks on display were in the open so people can touch them. In the stalactite
cave the designers used light to mimic the sunlight one would see in the opening of a cave. The light
shined of the rock formations highlighting them

Geography Assignment : Landforms And Landscapes
Geography Assignment: Landforms and Landscapes (Stage 1)
How Has Rainfall Impacted Stalactite Formation in the Princess Margaret Rose Cave?
Concepts
The seven concepts of geography are used many times by geographers and each concept plays a key
role in landscapes and landforms. Space, Place, Interconnection, Change, Environment, Scale and
Sustainability re all the 7 concepts geographers use. The landscape 'Princess Margaret Rose Cave ' is
arguably the most attractive cave in Victoria and in the cave the 7 concepts are involved.
Space– This concept relates to the way things are arranged in the cave. In Princess Margaret Rose
Cave there are many objects inside, these include: stalagmites, stalactites, shawls, rim pools, straws,
flowstone, cave coral, blankets, bacons, pillars and helictites. All of these are placed in the cave,
some may be coming down at the top or some maybe coming out at the bottom or even some maybe
coming out of the sides. These help geographers to see what is in the cave.
Place– This concept are parts of the cave that are identified and given meaning by people. The
Princess Margaret Rose Cave is located Princess Margaret Rose Caves Road, Mumbanaar VIC
3304. It is located 30 minutes from Mount Gambier and 15 minutes from Nelson. The cave is also
300m from the Glenelg River and the whole cave is situated near a national park: Lower Glenelg
National Park. The surrounding of the cave is green grassland with trees on the sides and flowers as
well. Throughout

Caves : An Underground Hollow With Access From The Ground...
Review of Literature
Introduction to Caves According to Dictionary.com , a cave is an underground hollow with access
from the ground surface or fromthe sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines. The
way caves develop and form is called speleogenesis. Caves form when weathering of rocks, erosion,
pressure, and chemical transactions takes place. Caves can take over thousands of years to form and
age back to centuries ago. Most caves are usually found in limestone. Because of this, a lot of caves
first start to form because it will rain and the water will seep into the surface, becoming slightly
acidic as its progressing down. The acid is able to break down limestone and this continues for
hundreds of years. The water makes the cracks in the surface much larger, exposing them to the air.
The water starts to create formations in this new cave with the help of some other chemical
reactions, thus constructing a cave.
Caves have been used for lots of human occupations, some starting a very long time ago. Caves
were used for art. Lots of paintings can be found in them. Cueva de las Manos is a cave in Argentina
that is known for the art of handprints on the insides of the cave. Also, Cueva de la Manos is
translated to "Cave of Hands" in English. Within the Paleolithic period of the Stone Age, people
began to create stone tools and weapons, and caves were a place for this to happen.
Additionally, caves were used for shelter and protection, and since

Poem Analysis Of Understudy By Abe Louise Young
"Understudy" is a poem written by Abe Louise Young about her mother. The poem speaks about
Young's perception of her mother and describes her mother and their relationship. Young employs
many metaphors to describe her mother and her own emotions. Young uses this tactic very
creatively and is able to successful show the reader a unique and intimate perspective of her mother.
Through Young's the reader can begin to understand that Young's mother is a bit peculiar and
whimsical. The reader can also see from the poem that Young cares a great deal for her mother.
Young strives to create vivid imagery throughout the poem and helps the reader truly imagine her
mother and understand her. She begins the poem with a metaphor for her mother's hands

Essay on The Hiking Trail of American Fork Canyon
The hiking trail begins with a pile of loose rocks, a talus slope, thanks to rocks that fall down one of
the walls of the American Fork Canyon. The walls of the American Fork Canyon were widened by
erosion. Many of the rocks are cracked. This is caused by the presence of vegetation. The trees and
other plants that grow in the rocky area dig their roots down deep into the rocks, causing cracking.
This is known as physical organic weathering. The valley of the American Fork Canyon has a V
shape when viewed from a distance. This is indicative of its age, meaning it is young and was never
covered over in ice, or glaciated. If this had occurred, the valley would have a U shape instead, and
it would mean that the valley is older. The tunnel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that the fault is created by angular fragments of rock caused by movement along the
fault.
There are three caves, the Hansen cave, the Middle Cave, and the Timpanogos cave. There is a fault
line located right at the entrance of the Middle Cave. The minerals found most commonly in caves
everywhere are carbonite minerals, two of which, calcite and aragonite, are the two found in these
caves. Inside the caves, there are many different formations. There are 43 recorded formations, or
speleothems. One example is the stalactites found in Hansen cave that are 77 years old. Another
example is of the many helictites that have formed in Timpanogos cave. Helictites form from the
pulling of water through pores in the coverings of the walls. Calcite forms around the tiny openings
and water continues to fall through the straw–like structure, which continues to form in the direction
the water is falling. Branches are formed on the helictites when a passage through one way closes or
clogs and the water is forced to find another exit. There is an area that is called Father Time's Jewel
Box. There is another formation that was just recently discovered and identified. It is known as
Christmas Tree Coral. There is also frostwork, which are thin spreads of aragonite crystals. Carbon
dioxide from a possible number of sources and rain combine and react to make carbonic acid. This
acid dissolves limestone, which causes any water

Metamorphic Rock Lab
Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn how metamorphic rocks form and how to classify them based
upon their texture and composition. In this chapter, we will also learn about distinguishing among
the three rock groups and processes that wear rocks down once they have formed.
Key Terms anthracite, bituminous, decomposition, disintegration, foliated, gneissic banding, grade,
lignite, mass wasting, metamorphic rock, metamorphism, parent rock, peat, phyllitic texture,
schistosity, slaty cleavage, sub–bituminous, weathering
Equipment
Introduction
Metamorphic rocks have been altered from the composition and texture of their parent rocks
through the process of metamorphism. Rocks undergoing metamorphism are exposed to high ...
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Parent rocks composed predominantly of a single mineral (for example, quartz or calcite) often
produce non–foliated metamorphic rocks. Sand grains in a metamorphosed sandstone fuse into a
dense, compact mass of interlocking particles, producing a rock called quartzite. Metamorphism of
limestone produces marble.
Evaluating Metamorphic Rocks
Examine the metamorphic rocks in your kit, with a hand lens or microscope as appropriate, and use
the information in Table 5–1 to answer the following questions.
Q5–1: Consider the metamorphic specimens in your kit (67 – 75). Which ones are foliated (four
total)?
Specimens _67____, __70___, _73____, __75___, __72___.
Q5–2: Of the foliated specimens, which ones have slaty cleavage, phyllitic texture, schistosity, and
gneissic banding (one of each)?
Specimen number __67___ has slaty cleavage.
Specimen number __72___ has phyllitic texture.
Specimen number __73___ has schistosity.
Specimen number __70___ has gneissic banding.

Q5–3: Name the foliated specimens.
Specimen number _67____ named __slate________
Specimen number _72____ named __phyllite________
Specimen number _73___ named ___schist_______
Specimen number _70____ named __gneiss_______
Q5–4: Of the remaining (non–foliated) specimens, which one reacts with hydrochloric acid, and
which one scratches glass?
Specimen

The Modern Gro SS Es Schauspielhaus
The Modern Großes Schauspielhaus
Styles of architectural design are always changing. As time progresses, new advancements are being
made to accommodate a mass society and create a utopian design that will provide for the best
possible living standards. The main qualities expressed in modern buildings are how they strive to
replicate the goals and ambitions of their architects and patrons in a way beneficial to society as a
whole. Modernism is a term that was invented in response to the architectural movement starting
around the early 20th century to explain the dramatic changes in both technology and society. It was
mainly in response to the industrial revolution which created urban cities changing the way people
lived and worked. Modern architecture began to experiment with more modern concepts with
buildings adoption more of a machine aesthetic by adding industrially–produced materials. The
grand theater Großes Schauspielhaus utilizes the style of modernism to create a building for the
people incorporating new technologies to design a space befitting the changing attitudes of early
20th century German society.
The building Großes Schauspielhaus was designed by Hans Poelzig, who had worked as an
architect, painter and set designer, in 1919 Berlin, Germany shortly after the first World War.
Poelzig's work was categorized as embracing the expressionist style, but his work was uniquely
original to anything seen before. Here is an example of an architect taking the role of a

Creative Writing: The Handmaid's Tale
I awoke from my trance in a place that could not have been my beautiful kingdom. I was in a room
that was shaped like a leaf; stalagmites and stalactites lined the ceiling and floor, a large, leaf–
shaped stone lay in the center of the room, and a plate with a speck of a meal sat atop it. Suddenly, a
loud crash sounded from outside the room, and a woman, dressed in sumptuous purple and black,
strolled into the room, joined by a cowering male figure. "Who– who– who are you?" I managed to
stutter. "Who is she? WHO IS SHE?" The accompanying figure paused and whispered to the
woman, "What do I say again?" "Oh, forget about it, Wade," the woman huffed. She peered at me
with a curious grin. "Why, hello, child. I am Vanessa," she said, "and this is my runt of a sidekick,
Wade," the woman pointed with animosity, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Wade!" "Sorry!" squeaked Wade. "Now, let me continue. I am Vanessa," she said as she slowly
meandered towards me, "and I must admit," she continued, "I was not expecting this to be quite so
easy." Vanessa slyly snatched the tiara from my blonde head and darted towards the door, only
stopping to say, "It is like taking candy from a baby; but instead, I took the crown from a princess."
She darted out, slammed the door shut, and another loud crash echoed through the room.

Elizabethtown Vacation
Hello friend! I heard that you were going on vacation to my home town of Elizabethtown Kentucky.
I would be delighted to give you some pointers on two of my favorite things to do when I'm in town.
Often called E–town, our little slice of heaven is home to a lot of neat things to do. We have horse
races, a country jamboree, caverns, and more. Nevertheless, I know that you only have a few days to
spend there so I will tell you about my favorites. Located in the heart of Elizabethtown, is the town
square. It hosts countless restaurants as well as awesome local stores, but is most known for the
State Theatre. Originally opening as a movie house in 1942, it has now been fully restored to its
former glory. You can watch movies, comedy shows, and

Princess Margaret Rose Cave Case Study
Geography Assignment: Landforms and Landscapes (Stage 1) How Has Rainfall Impacted Stalactite
Formation in the Last 20 Years in the Princess Margaret Rose Cave? Supporting Questions Why
does Princess Margaret Rose Cave have the most rainfall throughout all caves in Australia? What is
the time frame for rainfall to make small and large stalactites to fall down in Princess Margaret Rose
Cave? How does the location of Princess Margaret Rose Cave affect the water activity (rainfall)?
Explain other ways that can impact stalactite formation in Princess Margaret Rose Cave? Explain
how the type of rock can affect the formation of stalactites when impacted with rainfall in Princess
Margaret Rose Cave? Rationale I chose karsts as it is something ... Show more content on
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This concept is displayed in the inquiry as I will be reviewing the change within the stalactites
formation and what the effect is when rainfall is involved. Environment Environment is a specific
place on Earth with living and non–living things. This concept is expressed in the inquiry as I will
be covering the type of environment inside Princess Margaret Rose Cave and the effect the
environment has on the cave including the weather (rain). Sustainability Sustainability relates to the
ongoing capacity of Earth to maintain all life, which means developing ways to ensure that all
resources on Earth are used and managed responsibly so they can be maintained for future
generations. This concept is exhibited in the inquiry as I will be discussing how Princess Margaret
Rose Cave maintains life, how they save humans, what do they allow in the cave to make sure
everyone is safe and what workers do to the stalactites and cave walls when rainfall has come into
them. Scale Scale is used to look for explanations and outcomes at different levels. This concept is
manifested in the inquiry as I will be reviewing the levels of rainfall and the sizes of stalactites from
smallest to largest in Princess Margaret Rose Cave. General

Snowphone Research Paper
The world's most fantastical, fun, family–accommodating skiing game is back and over and above
anyone's expectations!
Play as Sven's sister Evana, offer the activity in multiplayer mode, perform amazing new traps on
snowboards and skis, and ride on insane new creatures! Gracious, and watch out for the torrential
slide!
"Raaarrooorghh!" – Yeti
Escape from strengths of nature and group up with amicable creatures as you race down the
mountain!
* Will you play as the courageous Sven or his flawless sister Evana? Will you utilize skis or a
snowboard? Will you ride a snowmobile, a motorbike, or something somewhat more insane?
* Perform traps and hit the mountain in style! Draw off 360 twists, handstands, snowboard nose–
snatches, and strike ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Locate the solidified Mammoth inside a hole and attempt to manageable him. On the other hand
grind over the links of the night–time chairlifts. Furthermore, best of all, get a snowmobile and draw
off epic hops afresh!
JURASSIC LARK
Better late than never. A jurassic wilderness loaded with ancient buddies like the Pterodactyl, the
Wooly Mammoth and an infant Ankylosaurus. These old creatures have a dino–bug arrangement for
our brave stars! Race against the "Lavalanche", slide along vines, or simply go insane performing
traps as you attempt to stay away from rocks, stalactites and pools of liquid magma!
TWISTER CANYON
Maybe the delicate moving of the tumbleweeds is more your pace. Tragically, they didn't call it
Twister Canyon to no end. A savage twister is set out straight toward Sven and Evana! They can't
get a break, right?
Here you'll discover a combination of ragtag miscreants including Sheriff Yeti, Chief Penguin, and

even an Armadillo! Ride in a mine truck, bounce on a ramshackle railroad, grind along a broadcast
wire or watch the Yeti play the piano! It's the manner by which the wild, wild west was intended to

Cherokee Caverns Essay
A little, yet intriguing cave west in Knox County, TN is Cherokee Caverns. The Cherokee Caverns
is located in 8524 Oak Ridge Highway Knoxville TN 37931 US. The cavern hold up events like
music festival, Christmas, and the not so scary Halloween. Outside of the Cherokee Caverns sits a
bizarre rock is a Stromatolite, a fossil of old blue–green growth, additionally called cyanobacteria.
As the sticky green growth developed, they caught sand and other dregs and different layers would
develop. The living beings developed entirely expansive over several years. After some time they
got to be fossilized. Since cyanobacteria have the capacity to photosynthesize, researchers trust that
these primitive green growth may have been in charge of putting the ... Show more content on
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They are normally found in limestone, where they are the most widely recognized. Be that as it may,
they're frame in any sort of cavern where water enters that has gotten broken down minerals.
Flowstones are framed by means of the degassing of permeation waters. Cavern Flowstone shapes
when water streams out of a break in the whole dividers and stores Calcium Carbonate or CaCO3
for short. A few stone cover walls have chestnut and beige layers that look much like bacon. The
most acclaimed flowstone arrangement in Cherokee Caverns called the "Capital Hall Dome". In
spite of the fact that flowstones are among the biggest of speleothems, a type of cave formation,
they can at present be harmed by a solitary touch. Flowstones are additionally great identifiers of
times of past dry spells, since they require some type of water to build up; the absence of that water
for drawn out stretches of time can leave follows in the stone record by means of the nonappearance
or vicinity of Flowstones, and their point by point structure. The oil from human fingers causes the
streaming water to stay away from the range "water will avoid areas that have been touched and
calcite." (Mikolajczyk). The last and most exciting part in the cave are the

Sarojini Naidu Research Paper
Sarojini Naidu: Life Biography: Sarojini Naidu, nicknamed Bharatiya Kokila ,The Nightingale of
India, was the first woman president of the of the India National Congress, and she was the first
woman to become an appointed governess of a state, Uttar Pradesh, in India. She was born in
Hyderabad, India on February 13, 1879. Sarojini was raised by her father, Aghoranath
Chattopadhyaya, and her mother, Barada Sundari Devi. She was the oldest amongst eight other
siblings. Her mother was a poetess and her father was a scientist and a philosopher, as well as the
founder of the college Sarojini first attended, the Nizam College. At Nizam, she was awarded a
scholarship for her play "Maher Muneer," which extended her education to study abroad. The ...
She had also taken part in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the "Quit India" Movement, where
she had been jailed along with other leaders. In her participation of the movements she opened the
eyes of the women of India. She took them out of the old–ages where they stayed at home and
cooked in the kitchen. She helped fight for women 's rights, and regained the individual self–esteem
of India 's women. Sarojini had become an icon for India by the time her life ended in Lucknow,
India on March 2, 1949. She had become a distinguished poet, an activist for women 's rights, as
well as one of the best political speakers for India of all–time. Life: Sarojini 's poem Life defines
what life truly is after the bliss of ignorance one experiences as a child. She begins by explaining
that a child 's perception of life is a "lovely stalactite of dreams," which symbolizes a child 's natural
expectation that everything they want or need will be handed to them from their parents or
guardians. Like the dripping of the stalactite, a parent drips money and time into a child 's future by
providing their needs and wants for them. Sarojini then continues by calling life as seen by a child a
"carnival of careless joys," similar to when a child receives a new colorful toy, but it is soon
forgotten by other new things they receive. In the end of her description of a child 's view of life, she
says "About your hearts like billows on the deep, in flames of amber

How Rainfall Affects Stalactites
DESCRIPTION OF DATA This is a column graph representing how the rainfall affects the
stalactites length. One of many reasons that show stalactites are going to fall apart is their length.
The colour yellow represents the stalactites length at the start of the year. The colour orange
represents the stalactites length after 6 months. This will include its rainfall activity. This is an
example of secondary data which I obtained from the Princess Margaret Rose Cave website. I chose
this secondary data as I would not have the time to collect and find the right lengths of the stalactites
and this data really reflects on the rainfalls effect on the stalactites formation. This data supports my
key inquiry question of "How Has Rainfall Impacted Stalactite ... Show more content on
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This allows geographers to find out the knowledge they require not from websites but from the
managers of Princess Margaret Rose Cave. Evaluation Princess Margaret Rose Cave has been
answering questions for a long time. They will answer to the best of their ability. Princess Margaret
Rose Cave has done a lot of interviews in the past years, most concentrating on the stalactites
formation and why it fell. It is a reliable source as they do answer truthfully and they have had
experience in answering questions. Princess Margaret Rose Cave knows a lot of information about
its location and stalactites. As they are an organisation I believe and many others believe that
Princess Margaret Rose Cave is reliable. As this data is qualitative, it is based on the knowledge and
understanding which means it does not allow for emotion, personal attitudes or opinions. This
interview truly helped me with my key inquiry question. Analysis PQE (Pattern, Quantify and
Exceptions) Method Pattern– From this interview it is clear that stalactites do get affected and it is
because of the rock, limestone. The pattern is clear throughout all answers and shows how rainfall
affects

History Of The Luray Caverns
The Luray Caverns are a natural wonder and national treasure. Walking through them feels like an
unearthly experience. The National Park Service and the Department of Interior designated Luray
Caverns a Registered Natural Landmark. This site has an excellent piece of the Nation's geoheritage,
contributes to a better understanding of man's environment, and deserves to be protected.
The formation of the Luray Caverns began 600 million years ago as North America separated from
Europe and Africa. An indent from Alabama to Newfoundland was formed, and an ancient sea
flooded the area. Layers of sediments accumulated on the ocean floor, followed by limestone
sediments from fossilized marine animals and shells. After millions of years, the two layers

What Happened To Timpanogo's Caves?
Imagine it's summer, yet you're wearing a jacket, it's the middle of the day, yet it's dark. What in the
world could that be? A cave! Timpanogos Caves is a fun place, in fact I loved going to Timpanogos
Caves! My dad worked there, and so he really wanted us to visit it. So we did. When we left, he
made sure everyone brought a jacket. I was so confused, I mean it's summer, why do I need a
jacket? Trust me when I say I was super grateful. It was freezing! The caves are 3 caverns that
connect by man made tunnels. Going through the tunnels freaked me out because if the door closes
while you're inside, your trapped. My favorite part of being in the caves, was seeing the heart of
Timpanogos. My dad knew we didn't understand at first so he explained,"Long

Descriptive Essay On Crystal Cave
Crystal Cave Crystal Cave is full of life. My favorite vacation was the time my family and I went to
Pennsylvania's Crystal Cave. Crystal Cave is one of Pennsylvania's most famous tourist attractions,
which was discovered in 1881. Crystal Cave was once completely submerged underwater and was
formed by an earthquake. It was July 2017, that my family and I were staying in a hotel room in
Pennsylvania. We had many things planned for this trip, so we always had something to do. One of
the places I saw we were going to was a cave called Crystal Cave. I had no knowledge of this cave,
so I didn't know what to expect. But I had remembered the last cave I went to here, Penns Cave. I
loved that place, I was fascinated there. So I told my family that I wanted to go to Crystal Cave, so
we packed some things and went.
When we first arrived there, the showed us a 4–5 minute video about Crystal Cave. I learned that the
cave was founded in 1881 by two brothers, William and George Vanasse. I also learned that they
had both carved their names in the walls of the cave and you can still see them right now. But
Crystal Cave wasn't just a normal cave that you explore in, back then, people used it for weddings,
parties, etc. The room where they held these events is still fully functional, so you can still go in
there, but I don't think you can have a party in there anymore. When we finally got into the cave,
our tour guide told us that there are colonies of brown bats living in the cave, but they have their
own part of the cave, so you can't bother them. It was cold in the cave, so everyone wore a
sweatshirt. We also saw many different rock formations such as animals, ice cream, and even one
that looks like Donald Duck! There were many glistening and shining crystals that William and
George had thought were diamonds, but they were just a very common crystal. They had a cave
formation that you could touch. The tour guide called them rotten eggs because they looked like
eggs that had been dropped and never cleaned up. When I touched them, they were smooth and
moist, yet somehow warm and lumpy. They had a rare rock formation, a column! A column is
created when a stalactite and a stalagmite combine together form one long pillar. These

Eurydice Alternate Ending
I saw Eurydice fall to the ground I run to her. She says three words when I get to her ''I love you''
then I see a snake go away. Then I feel her get cold and she closed her eyes. I thought about it, I
could save her from the underworld. As I Make my way to the underworld I get there it smells like
garbage all I see is a river of bones. I see someone from a distance 6'10 man with a pointy nose and
with all red clothes, with dark red skin. He was coming closer and closer to me I was nervous, I
pulled out my knife. As he comes closer I get out of the rusty broken boat then one of the dead gray
bodies grab my foot. So I fall and kick the hand off. The 6'10'' man is in front of me; the knife goes
flying in the air. He asked me why I was here then ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They said "play music for us" "No you all are wasting my time". Finally the ghost left I heard them
mumble we will get you but I didn't care about what they said I kept walking and walking I felt
something hot touch me and I stopped it was the same red 3 foot snake that killed Eurydice. It
wrapped around me and I pulled out my pocketknife and I stabbed it to death. All you see was blood
and yellow stuff. After killing the snake I see Eurydice floating by I tried to grab her body my hands
starts burning. So I try two more things to get her I scream her name Eurydice, Eurydice she still
didn't look So I played a song she loved she looks at me and get out she follows me. Eurydice runs
to me she goes right through me I start burning in my whole body. She follows me all the way to the
broken up rusty boat It smells worse that I am on my way out it smells like I am about to go fishing
and there is dead fish around and hot garbage. We get to the gate big as hades dark as the
underworld. The gate would not open something bad happen. I died I could not find Eurydice
anywhere I looked left right up and down could not find

Cherokee Caverns Research Paper
The Cherokee Caverns is located in 8524 Oak Ridge Highway Knoxville TN 37931 US. The cavern
hold up events like music festival, Christmas, and the not so scary Halloween. Inside this wonderful
caverns are inhabited by the nocturnal animals the bats. The history within the cavern began to form
about 300 million years ago. There are shells and skeletons of ancient marine life would mix with
sand, clay, and other material to form a rock known as copper ridge dolomite. Cherokee Caverns
was discovered in 1854 by a Robert Crugdington. The cave was open to the public in 1929 under the
previous name Gentry's Cave. There were Indian artifacts that is located in the cave revealing how
another entrance to the cave exist in the past. Within the cavern,

Analysis of Different Religious Architectural Structures
Introduction Architectural structures are immobile constructed elements. The structures are
buildings or non–building that is used for temporary or permanent. However religion is a set the
belief defining the relations existing between the divinity and the human being. This paper therefore
analyzes each of the different structures in respect to aspect of religion and the types of buildings
that are associated with each structure. Temple of Borobodur in Java Borobodur temple is a
Mahayana Buddhist Monument found in Central Java, it is most visited tourist attraction found in
Indonesia. The architectural structure is built as a single large stupa taking the form of a step–
pyramid having nine platforms whereas the lower six are square, the upper three are circular. The
architectural design reflects the influence of India on the region and how they dedicate their faith in
the temple. The temple is also associated with some Indians who strictly follow their belief and
traditions. Zhuhai Putuo Temple The Putuo temple represents the tradition and belief of Chinese
Buddhist. The architectural structures have got the traditional characters and modern installation
showing the balance of the people who are Buddhism. There are mythical animals placed on top of
the roof to protect the building. The temple is associated with the buildings which are beside many
mountains. In the temple are five doors and stone lions sitting in every door. The Vatican In the
Vatican, there were

Jewel Cave Research Paper
Jewel Cave National Monument Jewel Cave is a giant cave system full of intricate designs and
shiny crystals. It is currently the 3rd longest cave in the world, and stretches over 181 miles of
recorded pathways. The monument was established on February 7, 1908 by Theodore Roosevelt.
Inside the cave the temperature is 49°F all year round. Explore the subterranean world of Jewel
Cave National Monument. Map of South Dakota Plants and Wildlife There are many species of
animals living inside of the caves. Some of the most frequent mammals found in the Jewel Cave are
actually bats. There are over 1000 bats hibernate inside of Jewel Cave every year. There are 9
different species of bats recorded inside of the monument. Some other mammals found on the
surface near the visitor center are white–tailed deer, eastern cottontail rabbits, and bighorn sheep.
Very rarely are Rocky Mountain elk seen near the entrance. Some snakes living on the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Crystals were made While the cave still had the water inside of it some of the water was
saturated with calcite a tough shiny mineral. The calcite was re–located underwater in the cave in
the form of spar. Spar is a type of crystal found commonly in the cave. The cave is abundant of
stalagmites and stalactites every twist or turn. One mineral gypsum can create beautiful flower,
spider, and needle formations. Calcite can also create criss–crossing boxwork formations. Dogtooth
Spar Gypsum

Timpanogo's Cave Research Paper
Hansen, Middle, and Timpanogos Caves are natural cavities that are engulfed in darkness and large
enough that humans can enter and explore. Martin Hansen discovered the Hansen cave in 1887; the
other two caves were later discovered.
The Entrance Room is the first stop on the tour of these caves. "Cave formations", or speleothems,
are from mineral deposits. Located within this spot is "Hershey's Kiss", which is formed by dripping
water, called stalagmites. Visitors have to stay on the paved, lighted trail, can't touch anything inside
the cave and are told to avoid low formations; these rules are to protect individuals from any harm
and to preserve the features of the cave.
A man–made tunnel connects Hansen and Middle cave that was built between 1937 and 1938.
Doors were built on each entrance to prevent the cave from drying out, because formations need ...
Chimes chamber ceiling are formations of helictites that look like frozen worms. The Sea Urchins
are anthodites, which are only about three inches long and attached to the ceiling of Chimes
Chamber.
"The Great Heart of Timpanogos" is about 5.5 feet in length and 1 cubic yard in volume. The "heart"
cannot be weighed unless it is detached from its location, but is estimated to weigh over two tons.
Other formations surround the great heart. Tours show a red light shown through the heart; this is
not natural.
The Camel Room has many examples of different formations. Columns form when stalactites join
stalagmites. Shields are located on sloping oval plates that are fringed with helictites along a medial
crack. Salt and Pepper are two small stalagmites. People used to be able to touch the salt and pepper
shakers, but have been discolored and polished. People are only allowed to just view salt and pepper
now, so that these formations can be protected from damage and

A Hero's Journey Into The Wild
Steadily walking up the steep mountain path, Dave thought out loud to himself. "I think this is the
best hiking path ever," he whispered to nobody. Suddenly, Dave took a step forward and tripped on
a rock. "Owww!" he yelled. He had a bad bump on his head. As he got up from the dusty road, he
noticed a small cave maybe three feet high and three feet wide. He couldn't believe his eyes.
"Wowww!" Dave exclaimed. He crawled to the cave, grabbed his flashlight from his pack, and slid
inside the cave. Dave turned on his flashlight and found the cave huge. As he shone his flashlight
around, he saw huge stalactites and stalagmites with pools of water. As he walked in farther, he
heard rocks hitting the floor. He also heard a screech and three bats

Lookout Mountain
There is water in the Ruby Way far out east of where you are right now is a mountain ridge. A
mountain ridge that traverses over two states along the East coast. It's the same place where the
"Last Battle of the Cherokees" occurred. Even the civil war was not to far away from the mountain
ridge. One might even have a flashback to US history in the 8th grade if they were told that this was
the location of The Battle of Lookout Mountain. Most people are used to seeing waterfalls, well
above ground at least. Usually when one sees a waterfall their neck tends to bend backwards so they
can look up towards it. Is there a possibility of a waterfall being below the surface level of the earth?
Under ground waterfalls can be a very beautiful and natural ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He then decided to take his wife with him the very next time and named the waterfall and the cave
after his beautiful wife Ruby. The cave today is nowhere near as naturally carved today as it once
was. Over the last few decades Lambert has turned it into a tourist attraction. By turning it into a
tourist attraction Lambert was forced to manually carve out the cave to make it more congruent to
accept the large number of tourist they expected. They found a small passageway that eventually led
them to the waterfall, and this passageway was then dugout in order to put an elevator to allow the
tourist easy access into the mountain to the waterfall via the Ruby Falls Cave. Then as government
regulations because more and more strict, the company cut out a secondary exit leading to the base
of the mountain. The secondary exit is used in case of emergencies, whether it's from natural
disasters or a man created disaster. The water in the waterfall is clean ground water, which one can
happily drink at their personal discretion. Although it is suggested that one should not drink the
water for the reason that it contains a very extremely high amount of magnesium from the strata of
Lookout Mountain. The high amounts of magnesium causes a natural laxative effect on the human
body, meaning if someone were to drink the water from Ruby Falls they will end up getting the runs
sooner rather than

The Importance Of Commercial Buildings In The Ottoman Empire
Secondly, commercial buildings were so popular in Cairo because it was already a major trading
point for the Ottoman Empire. The different type of commercial buildings were wikalas, khans,
qaisariyas, suqs, and funduqs. Ismail explains that these type of buildings existed since the
Mameluke Empire period, but they were kept being built during the Ottoman Empire, with some
minor changes.
The wikalas were buildings located within the city walls and had a design that had shops on the
ground floor that faced onto courtyards and a rab system (living quarters) on the upper floors. Some
of the shops from the ground level had special designs in their facades that allowed the merchants to
display the imported goods that they had for sale. The building had only one entrance per each
facade, and each of them led to the open central courtyard that aside from shops, had storerooms for
the merchant's goods. To get access to the upper floors, people had to use staircases that were
usually placed in a corner of the facades (Ismail 2005).
The khans and funduqs were buildings that had combined functions of hostel and trading centre and
were used mostly by traveling merchants and visitors to the city. These buildings were built mostly
near the trading routes outside the city, and they required towers for extra protection, however, some
of them were located inside the city and did not required to be fortified because of it. A major
difference is that these buildings did not had shops in

Coral Reefs Provide About Earth's History
Objectives:
How do coral reefs form?
What evidence do limestone deposits from coral reefs provide about Earth's history?
Vocabulary:
Algae: aquatic based plants that contains chlorophyll, lacking roots, stems, and leaves that can be
anywhere from microscopic to having a long and distinguished form
Calcium: the chemical element of atomic number 20, a soft gray metal
Calcite: a white or colorless mineral consisting of calcium carbonate. It is a major constituent of
sedimentary rocks such as limestone, marble, and chalk, can occur in crystalline form (as in Iceland
spar), and may be deposited in caves to form stalactites and stalagmites
Coral Reefs: A structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water
Limestone: a hard sedimentary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also provide evidence of past environments
Coral reefs have been forming in the ocean for more than 400 million years
There used to be coral reefs in central parts of North America which today are pieces of sedimentary
Reefs that formed million years in the United States are exposed in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana,
Texas, New Mexico, and many other

Informative Speech On Gypsum Crystals
Have you ever wondered where bacterias found? Well besides on your own hands, rare bacteria and
viruses can be found in gypsum crystals! When gypsum crystals are formed, over millions of years,
bacteria and viruses are trapped in air bubbles. Then people like me, find and study them. I'm a
biologist and my job is just that! To extract, discover and study these 8th wonders of the world. As a
biologist I work in hot and humid conditions everyday. Therefore, having the proper gear is critical!
So, I will shed some light on this tech. To start, respirators; which are used to breath the hot and
heavy air. Next, ice vest, which are bodysuits full of ice. They are strapped close to the body, this
serves as a coolant, as for your body might overheat. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason being, they act just like stalactites and stalagmites; pointing up, down, left and right. I
believe being submerged in boiling water for millions of years, must've caused such chaotic beauty.
Continuing, there're many varied types of gypsum including; the queens eye, which is as soft as a
human fingernail. In deeper depths, I have found 2 types of interesting coral–like crystals. Near fault
lines there can be found cauliflower appearing gypsum that act similarly to dried coral. I have also
found thin fiber–optic crystals, that look remarkably like hair! The last and most known, are the
giant crystals. These gypsum crystals have millions of years old bacteria trapped in air pockets full
of water and require a drill to extract. At one time it took an hour to get through one, because how
solid they are. To conclude, crystals come in many colors, types, shapes and sizes. When left to
form, they grow to be most beautiful in my opinion. Overall, these humongous caves are wondrous
and vast in size. What a wondrous experience my stay has been among these beauties. There
caverns a maze of twists and turns, a new discovery around every corner. Maybe, one day soon, we
will make a huge discoverie no one saw

Kaheschi Caverns-Personal Narrative
I have decided to write an account of my experience. I can no longer trust other humans and have
not talked to one in months; and even if I did, not a person would believe what I have to say. But I
still feel the need to have a written record of this demonic event, in the hope that someone reading it
will take heed. I cannot put this off any longer, and can only hope that the recollection will leave
what remains of my sanity intact.
I drove north to the Adirondack Mountains last summer, packed with the necessary supplies for a
several
day camping trip. Having driven for much of the day, I was quite exhausted; and when night
found me still some distance from the campsite, I knew that I needed to find a place to sleep. My
eye was caught by a large sign on the side of the road
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the guides had made sure that Terence and I had both eaten breakfast and were well
equipped
for caving, we set off for Kaheschi Caverns.
The Caverns were but a short walk away, reached via a path that lead out into the forest from behind
the motel. The cave entrance was a wide, low crevice at the base of a steep hill, interposed between
the ground and a colossal wedge of rock. It looked to me uncannily like a cavernous mouth,
devouring any light that entered its gaping jaws; and as such, I was reluctant to walk into it. When I
hesitated at the threshold of the cave, however,
Terence called teasingly back to me, suggesting that if I was too afraid to come, I could return to my
motel room and reflect on how much of a coward I was. Embarrassed, I jogged through the cave
entrance to catch up with the rest of the group.
A rough, chiseled path led me down into the aperture, but I saw no kind of lighting to illuminate the
dark recesses of the cave. This was soon made clear when James–the apparent leader of the guides,
and the most vocal–paused and, taking off his

Carlsbad Caverns National Park
Carlsbad Caverns National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is located in the state of New
Mexico, in the United States. It contains a show cave, the main feature. The cavern is a limestone
type, which was created by a reaction involving rainwater and hydrogen sulphide–rich brine (salt
concentrated water). This created a corrosive sulphuric acid which carved the main chambers into
what they are today. The site has been elected and given UNESCO World Heritage status for two
reasons, or criteria. One of the reasons for the listing is its natural beauty, abundance and diversity
of structures in the caves. The stalactites in the caverns vary in size and height, with one, called the
"Witch's Finger", reaching up to 6 metres in height. A cave called "Bat Cave" contains a colony ...
This allows geologists to study what's happening and how geological processes work and progress
through time. The Capitan reef, an ancient partly–exposed evaporated reef, is located around the
park and the caverns. The reef can be studied and looked at from underground, in the caves. This
allows geologists and scientists to look at the reef's history and discover fossilised marine life.
Lechuguilla Cave, the fifth–longest cave in the world, exists in the park. It was discovered in 1984,
when miners heard wind roaring from the cave. The cave contains antibiotic–resistance bacteria,
which developed resistance over millions of years. However the bacteria cannot spread to humans,
but is resistant to every type of antibiotic tested. The US National Park Service maintains and takes
care of the park, by employing rangers to provide guided tours, patrol the park, maintain the fauna
and flora, and also educate visitors and tourists. The rangers also help and assist scientists and
geologists so they can do their research. Rangers also present programs for schools and youth

Henry In The North: A Short Story
Since this is the hottest time of the year I decided, for the last part of my summer trip, to visit my
friend Henry in the North. Despite being the middle of summer it is still icy and frozen there. It is
better to visit in summer , for during the winter there are often week–long blizzards that make travel
impossible. I traveled by sled through the snow to get to my friend's house. Henry and I have been
close friends ever since we were boys. After we finished our schooling he moved North and I set off
to explore the world for a while. I eventually settled in the Middle Provinces, while Henry fell in
love with the snow and never left. "Casperion!" Henry called as soon as he saw me. We traded hugs
and then Henry dragged me down ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We sprinted toward the back of the cave, away from the shattering ice. We dove into a corner and
hoped for the best. After a moment filled with the sound of shattering ice the stalactites finished
falling...and I quickly noticed that we were trapped. "Oh dear ," said Henry. "It appears the entrance
of the tunnel is blocked by all the ice..." His voice trailed off, and he glanced at me. "I'm awfully
sorry, Casperion. I had no idea..." I waved my hand at him, shushing him, and pointed into the
farthest corner of the tunnel. A small penguin had just appeared. It waddled out , noticed us, jumped
in surprise, and quickly retreated to wherever it had come from. "This way!" I hissed, dragging
Henry by his sleeve. "If that penguin can get in and out , perhaps we can too." We ran over to the
corner and I crouched down. Sure enough, there was another tunnel, just big enough that we could
fit through. I could see a line of penguins hurriedly waddling away from us. Every few seconds they
would glance behind, see us staring at them, squeak nervously, and waddle faster. "I don't think they
like us," Henry commented. I began to crawl into the little exit tunnel but he stopped me. "I'll go
first , in case there's danger. I got us into this mess. I 've got to get us

Buffalo River Research Paper
The Buffalo River area is a karst environment with attendant sinkhole and cave formation.
Limestone, composed primarily of CaCO3 and dolomite composed primarily of CaMg(CO3)2, are
the two soluble rock types in the area that host the karst features. Water in contact with air picks up
carbon dioxide some of which transforms to carbonic acid, and this acid then dissolves the
carbonate minerals, carrying the ions out in solution (e.g. Trudgill 1985). Limestone and dolomite
layers vary in impurities and grain size so that different layers are more or less prone to dissolution,
with dolomite generally being less soluble than limestone. To erode these rock formations with very
low intergrain porosity and permeability, there has to be exposed surface area and so faults and
joints within the rock greatly increase the rate in which the rock will dissolve, and partly control the
location of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Boone and Everton have about equal mechanical resistance, but the Boone, mainly composed
of limestone, has less chemical resistance and therefore the valley width is wider and more karst
features can be seen within the exposed formation (Keen–Zebert 2016). Exposed paleocaves are
seen in the cliffs along the Buffalo River, but the area has abundant cave systems that can be
available for viewing or are unable to be accessed by humans. Caverns such as Mystic Caverns and
Blanchard Springs Caverns (described in a later section) are visited by hundreds each year and
showcase cave formations open to the public. Throughout the landscape of the Buffalo River area
and Arkansas, sunken lakes can be seen with some being identified as filled sinkholes. Also along
the Indian Rockhouse trail (described in a later section) two large sinkholes and multiple caves give
a glimpse of the cave systems located in this

Mammoth Cave National Park Research Paper
Geology of Mammoth Cave Kentucky
Introduction
Mammoth Cave is found in Mammoth Cave National Park that was founded in 1941. Currently, it is
the longest cave known in the world with approximately 350 miles of underground interconnected
chambers and passages. Mapping and exploration continues and seems like it has no end. Mammoth
Cave National Park is situated near Park City in south central Kentucky. It lies in forested and hilly
areas of three counties; Hart, Edmonson, and Barren. It occupies about 50,000 acres. A landscape
that is mainly covered by the solution features such as sinking streams, large springs, sinking holes,
and caves is referred to as karst. For instance, as shown in figure 1. The caves are characterized by
several limestone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The typical paths found above the water level are canyon–like and narrow as shown in figure 5
below. (Figure 5)
These pictures show a canyon found in Mammoth Caves
They have sinuous, curving channels and their heights are higher compared to their widths
(Thompson & Thompson, 2003). Irregularities toward the local direction of slant cause paths
sinuosity. Canyons located in the Mammoth Cave run up to 80 to 100 feet high and 10–30 feet wide
but many of them are not that high and much narrower. Vertical shafts are created where water can
run down vertically alongside fractures (Call, 2010) as illustrated in figure 6. (Figure 6)
This picture shows a shaft created by water running down
Shafts are oval or round in parallel cross section. In their walls, many shafts have a series of drains
at different elevations (Call, 2010). Currently, water running down a shaft exit through the drain
located in the lower part found on the floor of the shaft. In Mammoth Cave, the biggest shaft is
about 150 feet deep, and a diameter is some tens of

Puerto Rico Research Paper
The first time I went on a cruise I got on a airplane and went to Puerto Rico. When my family got
off we went to find our luggage, and get a taxi to the hotel. When we got to the hotel, we checked
into our room and unpacked our luggage. We stayed at the hotel for three days and went to the pool,
beach, and explored the island.
The morning of the cruise, we packed our luggage and checked out of the hotel. We found a taxi and
then the taxi took us to the cruise ship. After checking in we explored the cruise ship. We found two
gigantic pools, as well as, two steamy hot tubs. The cruise ship was enormous.
The first island of the cruise was St.Thomas. We hopped in a taxi and explored the island. Then, we
visited one of the best beaches in the world called Magen's Bay. It was one of the prettiest beaches I
have been too. The sand was so soft and the ocean was clear blue. When we ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
John. We went horseback riding in the rainforest. The horse that I rode was named Prince. He was
beautiful and fast. I have never rode a horse, but got the hang of it and it was fun. This island was
the most beautiful that I had visited throughout this vacation.
On the ship we played ping pong. I played a lot throughout the cruise. My dad beat me at the
beginning of the cruise, but I started to get better and beat my dad. The pool on the cruise ship was
amazing because it was big and consisted of cold water. Another thing was the food. It was
interesting and good. One of the foods I tried was scargo. It is snail. They had a basketball court as
well. I had a lot of fun with all of these exciting experiences and activities.
The whole cruise was a great experience. I saw stuff that not that many people get to experience. I
had a great time, and really did it all. From meeting new people from different countries to seeing
amazing places this trip was definitely a great one. Spending time with my family, and visiting these
beautiful islands made this trip one of the

Mammoth Cave 1790s
Mammoth Cave located in South–Central Kentucky was found in the 1790's by Robert Houchins.
Mr. Houchins happened upon the cave while chasing a bear that had entered the cave. Mammoth
Cave is 390 miles long, which makes it the longest cave in the world. Even if the world's second and
third longest caves were combined together, Mammoth Cave would still be approximately 100 miles
longer. This cave was so named because of its size, not because of the wooly mammals of the past
(Kerstetter, n.d.). There are five unique characteristics that make this cave so long, including karst
setting, the Green River Valley, limestone, vertical shafts, and sandstone caprock. Karst setting is
formed from dissolving limestone that will form caves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stalactites hang from the ceiling and look like icicles. They are formed when water flowing into the
cave form calcite and leaks through the ceiling cracks. Stalagmites grow up from the floor as the
water continues to drip from the Stalactites. Stalactites and stalagmites are often found growing
together and will sometimes form a column (Kids Discover 2013). Helicities form on the cave's
ceiling and walls and can take on many forms and looks, including curly spaghetti looks or thick
antler looks. Helicities are an irregular stalactite that have branches at different angles and
thicknesses (Bunnell, 2005). Gypsum is a calcium sulfate mineral found in dry sections of the cave.
This mineral can be colorless, white or yellow and resembles a flower growing out of the walls,
ceilings or floor

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Limestone Caves
and minimized?
A Cave:
Caves, also known as karsts, are very unique and are a special part of our natural environment.
Caves form over a long period of time, 1000 of years (National Geographic, 2015). Caves are made
up of rock, ranging from volcanic to limestone. Limestone caves are more pleasing to the eye as
they usually contain more decoration such as stalactites, Shawls and Straws. As limestone caves are
more decorated they are more prone to damage and deformation (Science Kids, 2016).
Damaged caused by humans in caves:
Humans are causing great damage to limestone caves, some of which the caves themself cannot
recover from. Physical damage by humans has the greatest impact on caves (Bob Robins, 2005)
There are many ways humans have and continue to still damage caves, Majority of people assume
that the main damage to caves is through touching formations (Caving ,Survey 2017) However there
are many other factors that damage the cave just as badly such as graffiti, modernising caves and
rainfall. Tourist caves undergo the most damage (G.Enriquez, B, 2001)with lost formations, climate
changes, and urbanising the caves. Limestone caves are more susceptible to damage from a change
in climate than volcanic caves due to the rock type. When tourists enter caves they can create
thermal annomalies, the anomalies effect the overall temperature in the cave and this in turn effects
the production of formations. (FECYT, 2011). A research investigation undertaken by the University
of

Paleolithic Research Paper
The picture of the Paleolithic life reveals that this was a prehistoric era known as the "Stone Age"
era. The discovery made by Chauvet, Lascaux, and other archeologist signifies that there was life on
earth over millions of years ago. Paleolithic people depicted art on the cave walls as a way to
communicate and tell the history of their existence. However, Paleolithic people not only used the
cave as a canvas, but also as their living quarters. Paleolithic people were the first inventors of art.
The murals created by hand stencils and finger tracing is an indication of early phases of the
Paleolithic era. The depiction of animals on the cave walls were an indication of the latter phase of
the Paleolithic era. Evidence of the rare findings of the Pecten (a large shell) with black coal in it
signifies the coal was used for black paint. The discovery of distinctive caves signified that the
people of the Paleolithic era did not all live in one central location. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Judging by the number of paintings and drawings of horses on the cave walls shows that horses
either played or had a significant role in their society. Furthermore, the paintings of animals on the
cave wall indicated that men were hunters and gathers. Reflect of male and female paintings were
also found on the cave walls. The color black was used to identify the female organs and to
distinguish the male figure from the female. Children also left markings or evidence of their
existence by their handprints. They had to have assistance in helping them place their handprints on
the wall because where their handprints were discovered and found shows that the wall was too high
for them to reach. Therefore, this did not only justify the children had access to the upper part of the
caves, but that Homo–Sapiens were tall in

Underground Hollow History
"Caves, large underground chamber, typically of natural origin in a hillside or cliff." "An
underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone
areas and on rocky coastlines." Deep, Dark, and Mysterious, caves the sometimes unimaginable
wonder of the world.
Numerous intriguing minerals are found in collapses expansion to the calcite that structures the
principle highlights. Aragonite, a calcium carbonate mineral verging on like calcite however not as
normal, ordinarily happens in multifaceted needles called anthodites. Sulfates of sodium and
magnesium are found in holes, however they're less prominent than gypsum. Iron minerals as oxides
and hydroxide happen in holes and in a few spots structure stalactites. Manganese minerals in holes
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hollow chambers develop as limestone breaks up It was once trusted that gives in framed close to
the World's surface over the immersed zone where the water moved descending through the splits
and pore spaces. Water in the unsaturated zone, which disintegrated some calcite as it streamed
down through the limestone over the hollow, is still improved with carbon dioxide when it achieves
the ventilated cavern. Shouldn't something be said about the hole developments – the stalactites,
stalagmites, pop straws, broiled eggs, bacon, flowstone, and numerous different sorts of
speleothems? These developments are made by a procedure which includes three stages. Initially,
and as clarified above with carbonic corrosive and holes, as downpour goes through the dirt layers,
it will blend with carbon dioxide gas. As the blend moves toward the hollow, the acids in the water
will break down minerals from the stone through which it passes. These minerals are conveyed
inside of the arrangement and into the

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