Running head: NAME OF DOCUMENT 1 NAME OF DOCUMENT 4 Name of Document Author First Name MI. Last Name Capella University Theories and Models of Addiction Case Study Treatment Plan Keep all major headings in place to serve as your outline. Section 1 — Client Description and Analysis Describe the client by name from the case study, as well as the presenting problem, including related symptoms or health issues as they relate to the addition. · Evaluation of client using the transtheoretical model of change Evaluate the client using the transtheoretical model of change, then select and describe the current stage of change for the client using appropriate rationales for your choice. · Evaluation of client from a biopsychosocial model perspective Analyze known aspects of the client from a biopsychosocial perspective, noting patterns and probable causes of the addiction to determine an applicable theoretical orientation suitable for treatment. Section 2 — Therapeutic Approach Clearly link your diagnostic analysis to your selected theoretical approach. Be sure to cite evidence from your research and course readings to support your evaluation and choices. Include a narrative description explaining how the diagnosis was formulated citing the DSM-5 and any other relevant sources. It is likely that the case scenario does not provide enough detail to make a definitive diagnosis. Note the information needed to formulate a more definitive diagnosis and how the results of the assessment tools selected would contribute to the process. Provisional Diagnosis Based on the DSM-5: Provide a provisional diagnosis with a complete inclusion of any potential differential diagnoses, explain how you reached your diagnosis, and provide a compelling argument about why the selected approach is appropriate for the client. List: Principal DSM-5 diagnosis (Focus of treatment): Additional DSM-5 diagnoses: Relevant medical diagnoses (if known): Note: Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention (see pp. 715–727 of DSM-5 manual) Description of Client Strengths This section should focus upon the strengths suggested in the scenario that are relevant to consider when recommending treatment (individual, group, family). Considerations should include the client’s culture, support system, motivation to change, and physical health from the perspective of the strengths they may have. Evaluate how each of these strengths can be incorporated therapeutically. Description of Challenges to Be Addressed This section mirrors the information considered strengths, noting the relevant gaps that may present challenges for the client in terms of the client’s culture, support system, motivation to change, and physical risks associated with their substance of choice. The risk of the client harming themselves or others should be addressed here. Evaluate how each of these challenges will be addressed therapeutically.Treatment Plan Theory Selection Use scholarly literature to sup ...

1. Running head: NAME OF DOCUMENT
1
NAME OF DOCUMENT
4
Name of Document
Author First Name MI. Last Name
Capella University
Theories and Models of Addiction Case Study Treatment Plan
Keep all major headings in place to serve as your outline.
Section 1 — Client Description and Analysis
Describe the client by name from the case study, as well as the
presenting problem, including related symptoms or health issues
as they relate to the addition.
· Evaluation of client using the transtheoretical model of change
Evaluate the client using the transtheoretical model of change,
then select and describe the current stage of change for the
client using appropriate rationales for your choice.
· Evaluation of client from a biopsychosocial model perspective
Analyze known aspects of the client from a biopsychosocial
perspective, noting patterns and probable causes of the
addiction to determine an applicable theoretical orientation
suitable for treatment.
Section 2 — Therapeutic Approach
Clearly link your diagnostic analysis to your selected
theoretical approach. Be sure to cite evidence from your
research and course readings to support your evaluation and
choices. Include a narrative description explaining how the
diagnosis was formulated citing the DSM-5 and any other
relevant sources. It is likely that the case scenario does not

2. provide enough detail to make a definitive diagnosis. Note the
information needed to formulate a more definitive diagnosis and
how the results of the assessment tools selected would
contribute to the process.
Provisional Diagnosis Based on the DSM-5:
Provide a provisional diagnosis with a complete inclusion of
any potential differential diagnoses, explain how you reached
your diagnosis, and provide a compelling argument about why
the selected approach is appropriate for the client.
List:
Principal DSM-5 diagnosis (Focus of treatment):
Additional DSM-5 diagnoses:
Relevant medical diagnoses (if known):
Note:
Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention (see
pp. 715–727 of DSM-5 manual)
Description of Client Strengths
This section should focus upon the strengths suggested in the
scenario that are relevant to consider when recommending
treatment (individual, group, family). Considerations should
include the client’s culture, support system, motivation to
change, and physical health from the perspective of the
strengths they may have. Evaluate how each of these strengths
can be incorporated therapeutically.
Description of Challenges to Be Addressed
This section mirrors the information considered strengths,
noting the relevant gaps that may present challenges for the
client in terms of the client’s culture, support system,
motivation to change, and physical risks associated with their
substance of choice. The risk of the client harming themselves
or others should be addressed here. Evaluate how each of these

3. challenges will be addressed therapeutically.Treatment Plan
Theory Selection
Use scholarly literature to support selection of a theory to guide
treatment interventions. More than one theory may be
appropriate if the theory may shift as the client moves through
different stages of treatment. Be certain this section goes
beyond describing the theory to include analysis of how the
theory would be appropriate for the case scenario and the
specific interventions you would use.
Cultural Considerations
Review scholarly literature to adapt treatment interventions to
meet client and family needs. Define culturally appropriate
interventions.
Short-Term Goals
Explain the short term goals that correspond to early stages of
treatment using scholarly literature for support. This section
provides a narrative description rather than a simple list. While
listing treatment goals may be done as part of case management
in some settings, this assignment prompts for the rationale that
supports the goals.
Long-Term Goals
Just as the short-term goals were presented in a narrative
format, the long-term goals also require development and
support citing scholarly literature.
Describe Strategies for Interfacing With the Legal System and
Working With Court Referred Clients
With the support of the literature, explain how the coordination
of care will be planned with continuity as the client moves

4. through the treatment process in relationship to the legal system
and/or courts.
Conclusions
Provide a summary of your treatment plan with your final
conclusions.
References
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, volume# (issue#), xx–xx.
Report of LED screen
Ⅰ.Background
The project is located at Mitchell Airport in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin. Operators hope to add several large outdoor LED
displays around the airport to display information and
advertisements. Due to concerns regarding the screen being not
attractive enough, highlighting, visually "busy" related issues, I
will give corresponding explanations and suggestions based on
the interaction between light and image visibility.
Ⅱ.Related knowledge
1. visual system
a. Perception of color/brightness
Human perception of light depends on retinal cells. The cone
cells are responsible for the perception of light and color. The
rod cells can only perceive the luminosity and not the color, but
their sensitivity to light is 10,000 times that of the cones. In a
weak light environment, rods play a major role, hence this
leads us to not being able to distinguish colors in a dark
environment. Some of the digital camera's luminous shooting
mode also simulates this feature.
The three cones in the retina have overlapping frequency
response curves, but the response intensity is different. They
respectively are most sensitive to red (570nm), green (535nm),
and blue (445nm) light, which together determine the color
perception. The illuminance is proportional to the light

5. intensity energy received by the retinal cells, but humans have
different sensitivities to different wavelengths of light of the
same intensity. The perceptible wavelength range is 380nm to
780nm, which is called visible light. The maximum light
intensity sensitivity to green (550 nm) light occurs.
b. Human vision
The scope of human vision is approximately 220 degrees
horizontal and 135 degrees vertical. However, the sharpness of
the visual information that these regions can obtain are not
uniform because of the two different photoreceptor cells in the
subretinal segment. The reason for this difference in our field of
vision is because there are two different types of photoreceptors
in our eyes - rods and cones.
In order to get a more detailed and clear vision, we rely on
another type of photoreceptor cells in our eyeball, the cones.
Cones constitute approximately 6% of all photoreceptor cells in
our eyeballs. There are usually three types of cones in the
human eye, one responsible for capturing blue colour, one for
green, and another for red. In order to provide a sufficient clear
picture, cone cells are required to have more light to ensure
proper operation. Therefore, when we observe the object in a
dim environment, we lose the ability to recognize the color of
the object and mainly use the information obtained by the rod,
like the grayscale image.
c. Visual perception
The human eye has different abilities to receive and analyze
visuals, thereby it composes perceptions to identify the physical
appearance of the object, the space (distance) in which the
object is located, and the change in appearance of the object.
The brain receives information on the objects from the eyes and
analyzes the four main types of data which are the space, color,
shape, and dynamics of the objects. With these data, we can
identify and show appropriate responses to foreign objects.
Furthermore, the human eye can distinguish the different
shades of color of the object in the presence of light. With the
contrast of light and shade, the eyes can produce a visual depth

6. of space and see the three-dimensionality of the object. At the
same time, the eyes can recognize the shape and thus helping us
to identify the shape of an object. In addition, the human eye
can see colors. This is known as color vision. These four kinds
of visual abilities are used as one, as we explore and discern the
outside world data and establish the source of visual perception.
2. Influencing factors
The main role of the human eye is to receive light and transmit
light information to the brain. This light information reflected
in the brain is vision. Obviously, different lights produce
different vision. There are many factors that affect human
vision, such as the brightness of light, the color of light, the
temporal characteristics of images, the characteristics of
patterns, and the size of images.
a. Brightness
The range of brightness that the human eye can sense is very
wide, from a few decimal to several millions nits. The reason is
that the sensitization of the eyes could automatically adjust with
the intensity of the outside light. This ability to adjust is called
eye adaptability. It involves the regulation of the pupil as well
as the adjustment of the photoreceptor cells themselves. Of
course, the human eye cannot feel such a large range of
brightness at one time. When the human eye adapts to the
average brightness of a certain environment, the visual range
has a certain limit. In general, the ratio of the upper and lower
limits of the brightness that can be resolved is 1000:1 at an
appropriate average brightness; when the average brightness is
very low, this ratio is only 10:1. In addition, the subjective
feeling of the same brightness is not the same under different
ambient brightness. For example, on a sunny day, the ambient
brightness is about 10,000 nits, the resolvable brightness range
is 200 to 20,000 nits, and brightness below 200 nits causes a
black sensation. However, when the ambient brightness drops to
30 nits, the distinguishable range is 1 to 200 nits. At this time,
the brightness of 100 nits has caused quite a sensation of light,
and only a brightness below 1 nit makes a black sensation. In

7. short, the light and dark feeling of the human eye is relative.
Because of this, films and televisions that do not reflect the
actual brightness of the scene can give people a true sense of
brightness.
b. Light color
The color of light is usually characterized by the color
temperature of the light. This is divided into three major
categories: warm color <3300K; intermediate color 3300 to
5300K; cool color> 5300K. Due to the difference in light
spectrum (light composition), even if the light color is the same,
the color rendering of the lamp may be significantly different
(such as incandescent lamps and LED lamps).
The light source color can be described by three perceptual
variables.
Hue: Usually described as the "color" of a light source or
object.
Saturation: The perceived color of a color or the vividness of
color.
Brightness: The perceived intensity of the light source.
Normal human eyes can distinguish about seven million
different colors. Different regions of the human eye have
different sensitivities to colors. The center of the eye is very
sensitive to color and dynamics, but the color sensitivity of the
eyes is poor. Among different colors, people are more sensitive
to blue than red, green and yellow. This characteristic has a
great influence on visual communication.
c. Brightness and color visual characteristics
Because the human eye has a strong adaptability to brightness,
it is difficult to accurately determine the absolute brightness of
the stimulus. An object with the same brightness will have a
different brightness when the background is different. Objects
with different brightness will feel the same brightness if they
have similar relative relationships with their respective
backgrounds. When the background is bright, the object feels
darker and when the background is dark, the object feels
brighter. This subjective brightness phenomenon is also referred

8. to as simultaneous contrast or brightness contrast.
Correspondingly there is a chromaticity contrast, such as a
gray object, which looks green when the background is red, and
red when the background is green. When the intensity of the
illumination light changes little, the human eye does not easily
feel the change in brightness, that is, the human eye has a
constant brightness. When the color of the illumination light has
a slight change, the color of the sensing object is constant, thus
the human eye has color constancy. Actually, this is due to the
fact that the human eye has a certain memory of the object's
color.
When observing objects, different colors have different sense
of distance. Colors with longer wavelengths will give us the
feeling that the object is close, which is called the incoming
color; shorter wavelength colors will make the object feel more
distant, called the back color. Some colors make the object feel
bigger, called the dilated color; some colors make the object
feel smaller, called the contraction color. For example, the
actual width of the three colors of some tricolor flags is slightly
different, so that the width of the feeling is the same.
Ⅲ.Project proposal
1. Visual effects
The high-purity color has a strong impact and gives people a
strong visual sensation, such as red and green, which are bright,
eye-catching and easy to attract people's attention. The low-
purity color which is also called neutral color gives people a
soft and flat feeling, such as grey. Red, greyish green and other
visual impact is weak and lack of contrast although the color is
dark but full of rhyme. In terms of color brightness, bright
colors give people a sense of relief. Dark colors give people a
heavy feeling.
The colors are divided into warm and cool colors. Colors such
as red, yellow and others which are tending to these colors give
people a feeling of warmth and joy are called warm colors. The
color blue, green, and colors that favor these colors give people
a secluded, fresh, elegant and depressed, cold side. In addition,

9. the colors in a screen give people a sense of lightness. Things
like green or blue make people feel light, while black, gray, red,
and orange items often give people a heavy feeling. After
understanding the relationship between color and human visual
psychology, we can use the colors flexibly for LED screens to
achieve harmony and unity, with prominent themes and lively
plots.
In everyday life, people are accustomed to seeing things in
connection with the surrounding environment and therefore give
people a sense of harmony. We should also pay attention to the
color contrast on the LED screen. The full screen green grass is
not good-looking. But if there is a red flower, Or a person
wearing red clothes, this will immediately attract the audience’s
attention. This is mainly because red and green complement
each other. Under the green background, red and green will be
more obvious. There are many complementary colors in the
natural world. We can fully use these color relationships to
improve the picture. The relationship between the color of the
picture and the people's visual psychology differs with age,
gender, ethnic habits, occupation, and cultural accomplishment.
We should further explore the visual effects of colors so that we
actively and purposefully use them to improve picture quality.
2. Visual image characteristics
Visual principles tell us that the retina has the highest visual
acuity in the fovea. Another study found that when people's
attention is focused on an object, the surrounding vision is
blurred, and only the attention object is clear. When attention is
diverted from one object to another, there is almost no
intermediate process and it is direct. It can be seen that the
combination of direct cuts of multiple images is the use of
people's visual psychological habits. In the composition of the
screen, the relationship between the balance and the weight of
different images on the screen. It was found through research
that (1) people are heavier than animals, (2) animals are heavier
than plants, and (3) static than static weight. (4) The dark color
is lighter than the light color on a light background, and the

10. dark color is heavier than the dark color on a dark background,
(5) the thick line is heavier than the thin line, (6) the bright
color is heavier than the dark line, and (7) is clear The scenery
is heavier than the ambiguous scenery, (8) the near thing is
heavier than the distant thing, and (9) the same thing is more
complete than the incomplete one. It can be seen that in order to
achieve equilibrium, it must also be compatible with people's
visual experience.
3. Visual perception characteristics
In a variety of complex external scenes, human vision can
always quickly locate important target areas and conduct
detailed analysis, while only making rough analysis or even
neglecting other areas. This active and selective mental activity
is called Visual Attention. Visual attention can be caused by
two modes: one is a bottom-up model driven by objective
content, and the other is a top-down attention model guided by
subjective commands.
Bottom-up focus is mainly related to the significance of
image content. Psychologists have found that targets which are
significantly different from the surrounding areas are most
likely to attract viewers' visual attention. Top-down attention
however, is related to the dominance of consciousness and
dependence on specific orders. The human eye will respond to
the four visual stimuli, and then the four stimuli will generate
information in the brain when the eye met with an object related
to the Color, shape, depth of the object. Hence, we will respond
to the location, speed, and direction of objects. Objects leave an
image on the cornea. The faster the object moves, the faster the
image moves. If we want to rotate around an object, we must
know the object's position and trajectory.
Observing the relative motion of an object is more effective
than observing the absolute motion of an object (and not
comparing it with other objects). According to Gibson, humans
have specific patterns of information about relative motion.
Especially when an object moves, the background is
intermittently covered. Gibson thinks that people will observe

11. the motion of objects through this pattern. Another phenomenon
is that the decrease in people’s sensitivity to the movement of
objects is a phenomenon of selective habits. For a constant same
direction or speed (similarity), the sensitivity gradually
decreases, but it does not produce such a completely different
movement. For example if we continue to observe the upward
movement of the stripes, we will reduce the sensitivity of the
upward movement (feeling that the stripes are static), but it will
not affect the feeling of downward movement. Concern is
forcibly transferred to a specific area.
So, when we look at the movement of an object, the complex
background (relative motion) is more recognizable than the dark
or neutral background and we can only see moving objects
(absolute movement). Relative motion forms a special pattern,
especially when the object moves. The object will cover the
background that does not cover the part. Our eyes can use this
mode to observe movement directly, just as we can observe
depth directly.
Ⅳ.conclusion
To sum up, no matter what kind of visual factors it is , it will
have a close connection with our vision. Therefore I believe
that by improving the points mentioned above, it will help to
increase the appeal of outdoor LED screens to the crowd.
Outdoor LED, as a mass media, has the broadest coverage and
acceptance as well as a close connection with the “mass” and
hence is a very large influence. Therefore, reasonable colors
and pure images will help to attract the public's attention.