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The Dream of AR The Target Market Number of Professors teaching Number of Students enrolledUse of technology in classroom?Willingness to implement more tech usage?UG Government19,00042,813 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓UG Politics21,000Masters Government12,00026,321Masters Politics13,000Law School10,232 full-time 17,021 part-time38,392 Target Market Challenge The education market has been around for 100’s of years Unique structure Same uniform curriculum Are teachers and professors ready for the change? Set in old ways Expanding their horizon Unique structure Uniform curriculum Well structured well respected ? Willing to change Jt Partners Undergraduate and graduate school with democracy programs and organizations. What courses and organizations exist now? EDX: Massive open online course (MOCC) The university of Missouri: Constitutionalism and Democracy series Georgetown College: M.A. program in democracy and governance ADP: a network focused on engaged citizens for our democracy. ( American Democracy project) Colgate University: DM is a nonpartisan organization for educating people about the role of private money in politics and its impact on democracy. Who：Herbert N. Ramy，Professor of Academic Support Director, Academic Support Program. Law Writing class. Summary: glad to use technical tools to help him to teach the class. Just 5 points to the video game to willingness.(1-10) Never uses Role simulation to teach students. He didn’t exclude teaching with video games, but the content must match the courses. Increase educational technology into undergraduate studies. Conclusion: He believes in technology, doesn't really use it, he cares about the relevance of content with his class content. If we educate democracy in the form of video games, our audience may be particularly small. For that, we gave up the video game instead of AR. The interview with Law School professor Survey Analysis Do you prefer using hardcover textbooks or eBooks? Do you think a cell phone or tablet can be valuable in class? Do you think technology helps the learning process? Survey Analysis Continued.. Imagine using your cell phones or tablets camera as a scanner, that scans a image on your eBook or textbook and then provides a better understanding of what you are learning through a pre recording of a professor speaking to you.Would you be interested? Would you be interested in learning about a subject through an app you downloaded on your cell phone or tablet? How can we promote democracy better? AR Because of target market challenge, Give up video game Choose Augmented Reality What is Augmented Reality? Augmented reality is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are "augmented" computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, and olfactory. Video: https://w.

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The Dream of AR The Target Market Number of Professors teaching Number of Students enrolledUse of technology in classroom?Willingness to implement more tech usage?UG Government19,00042,813 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓UG Politics21,000Masters Government12,00026,321Masters Politics13,000Law School10,232 full-time 17,021 part-time38,392 Target Market Challenge The education market has been around for 100’s of years Unique structure Same uniform curriculum Are teachers and professors ready for the change? Set in old ways
Expanding their horizon Unique structure Uniform curriculum Well structured well respected ? Willing to change Jt Partners Undergraduate and graduate school with democracy programs and organizations. What courses and organizations exist now? EDX: Massive open online course (MOCC) The university of Missouri: Constitutionalism and Democracy series Georgetown College: M.A. program in democracy and governance ADP: a network focused on engaged citizens for our democracy.
( American Democracy project) Colgate University: DM is a nonpartisan organization for educating people about the role of private money in politics and its impact on democracy. Who：Herbert N. Ramy，Professor of Academic Support Director, Academic Support Program. Law Writing class. Summary: glad to use technical tools to help him to teach the class. Just 5 points to the video game to willingness.(1-10) Never uses Role simulation to teach students. He didn’t exclude teaching with video games, but the content must match the courses. Increase educational technology into undergraduate studies. Conclusion: He believes in technology, doesn't really use it, he cares about the relevance of content with his class content. If we educate democracy in the form of video games, our audience may be particularly small. For that, we gave up the video game instead of AR. The interview with Law School professor
Survey Analysis Do you prefer using hardcover textbooks or eBooks? Do you think a cell phone or tablet can be valuable in class? Do you think technology helps the learning process? Survey Analysis Continued.. Imagine using your cell phones or tablets camera as a scanner, that scans a image on your eBook or textbook and then provides a better understanding of what you are learning through a pre recording of a professor speaking to you.Would you be interested? Would you be interested in learning about a subject through an app you downloaded on your cell phone or tablet? How can we promote democracy better? AR Because of target market challenge, Give up video game
Choose Augmented Reality What is Augmented Reality? Augmented reality is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are "augmented" computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, and olfactory. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=GbpqwU UfMAQ (magic leap whale) javie Different kinds of approaches Trusted ContentAttractiveConvenienceProfessor TrainingStudents ResponsibilityUse of MobilityVirtual Reality ✕ ✓ ✕ ✓ ✓ ✕ Role Simulation Video game ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✕ Board Game ✓ ✕ ✓ ✓ ✕ ✕ Augmented Reality ✓ ✓ ✓ ✕
✓ ✓ javier The advantages of AR For product promotion If you can imagine, AR can do it. Create advantages for product Improving students’ experience by raising the degree of awareness and helping them understand what they want Flexible Tong How Augmented Reality Works? Augmented Reality works by deploying virtual images over real-world objects. The overlay is executed immediately with the input received from a camera or another input device like smart glasses. Augmented Reality technology brings virtual objects into the surrounding environment. Javie Tiny Book solution for students
Javier. We specialize in the pain points of our consumers. We came up with this as we tried ourselves using AR on books. We realized we needed to have a desk in front of us. 10 million copies in europe, penguin picked it up. Patent it !!! Tiny books in the shape of a phone with AR codes. javier Tiny book Price Point Typically, Tiny books are priced at $4.99-$29.99. Our Tiny book price: $24.99 Calculated process from Survey: Competitors and Threats Other AR books using this technology to teach Research shows AR is only being used for explaining and teaching astronomy, human and animal anatomy
Well branded and established textbooks and technology companies looking to create a new way of teaching App creators who are hired just to create There are no government textbooks or applications using Augmented Reality! jt Price Point What Is Fair And Reasonable Price? Do Analysis Understand User Expectations Free or $0.99 More complex utilities $2.99-$4.99 $4.99+ require a wide feature set and a lot of touches Experiment Identify Your Target Customer To create and make a new Augmented Reality application: At least $100,000-$200,000 Simple AR application: $30-50,000 Our Augmented Reality Publish Price: FREE Freda The key to pricing your app is to find a balance between functionality and user expectations. If they are not happy, they will tell them by comments and ratings. Try different price ranges and, most importantly, don't rely on the app's initial sales price to increase revenue. Augmented/ Virtual Reality Revenue Forecast ($B)
Freda By 2020, the AR/VR industry is conservatively projected to be worth upwards of $120 Billion. Recommendation Choosing a trustworthy software creator AppInstitute Appy Pie GoodBarber Choosing a Small book company to publish Tiny Fox Press C & R Press Tupelo Press Red Hen Press Our recommendation revolves around the fact that we need to secure the patent and choose a software creator and small book publisher Ensuring complete safety when going onto the next step Jeff Conclusion
Any Questions? Reference https://medium.com/@101/how-to-determine-the-right-price- for-your-mobile-app-88b266d64ea0 https://agilie.com/en/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-build-an- augmented-reality-app https://www.vrfitnessinsider.com/vr-fitness-naysayers-wrong- heres/chart/ https://thinkmobiles.com/blog/what-is-augmented-reality/ Phase 1 (Bottom Picture) Joint Movement Muscle Action Agonist(s) AF · Extension · Abduction · Concentric · Flexion · Adductor magnus (posterior) gluteus maximus, semitendinosus,semimembranosus, biceps femoris
· Gluteus Medius TF Extension Concentric Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis TC Dorsiflexion Isometric Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius ST Anatomical Position Isometric N/A MTP IP Anatomical Position Isometric N/A Phase 2 (Top Picture) Joint Movement Muscle Action Agonist (s) AF · Flexion · Adduction · Eccentric · Extension · Psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, rectus femoris, adductor magnus, adductor longus, tensor fascia latae · Gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis TF
Flexion Eccentric Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius TC Dorsiflexion Isometric N/A ST Anatomical Position Isometric N/A MTP IP Anatomical Position Isometric N/A Phase 1 (Right Picture) Joint Movement Muscle Action Agonist (s) Spine Anatomic Position Isometric N/A C-SP Anatomic Position Isometric N/A GH · Flexion · Horizontal Adduction · Concentric · Concentric
· Pectoralis Major (clavicular), deltoid (anterior · Pectoralis major, deltoid (anterior) SCAP · Elevation · Abduction · Upward Rotation · Concentric · Concentric · Concentric · Trapezius (upper), rhomboid major, levator scapulae · Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior · Serratus anterior, trapezius HU Extension Isometric N/A RU Pronation Isometric N/A RC Anatomic Position Isometric N/A MCP Flexion Isometric N/A IP Flexion Isometric N/A CMC-1 Opposition Isometric N/A
Phase 2 (Left Picture) Joint Movement Muscle Action Agonist(s) Spine Anatomic Position Isometric N/A C-SP Anatomic Position Isometric N/A GH · Extension · Horizontal Abduction · Eccentric · Eccentric · Pectoralis Major (Sternal), Deltoid (Posterior), Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major · Deltoid (middle & posterior), infraspinatus, teres minor SCAP · Depression · Adduction · Downward Rotation · Eccentric · Eccentric · Eccentric · Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior · Trapezius (middle)rhomboid major · Pectoralis minor, rhomboid major, levator scapulae HU Extension Isometric N/A
RU Pronation Isometric N/A RC Anatomic Position Isometric N/A MCP Flexion Isometric N/A IP Flexion Isometric N/A CMC-1 Opposition Isometric N/A Democracy in Higher Education 1 javier Table of Contents Surveys Intro What do we know about Democracy? How is Democracy being taught? Why is Augmented Reality preferred?
The Recommendation 2 javier Talk about the outline of the story, Mention the size of our surveys and interviews plus 2dary research. Survey Demographics 3 N: 12 How long: 1 week Classes taught: BLE, MKT, Social Change, Public Policy. Why: Get more preferences and thoughts from teachers N: 38 How long: 1 week Why: Our target market is mainly college students javier We also run interviews. The Knowledge of Democracy 100% of professors surveyed are interested in implementing democracy in their class.
Students learning interest: Knowledge on Democracy is assumed, it’s not taught! 4 interested not interested jeffrey Talk about professors as well. They want to teach democracy Back up data for taking for granted. (prof interview) It’s not part of most curriculums and there is no specific class about it. It’s a topic that’s given for granted that we all know about. Just like grammar, or calculous. The Market Challenge Current Education Content & Pricing Expensive ($48-$384) Bulky Textbooks (1.2- 4.8 lbs) Well established and structured curriculum Over 100,000 students studying law & politics Roughly 60,000 professors teaching government
5 Citation: agilie.com Jeffrey 6Trusted ContentConvenienceProfessor TrainingStudents ResponsibilityUse of MobilityVirtual Reality✕✕ ✓ ✓✕Role Simulation Video Game✓✓✓✓ ✕Board Game✓ ✕✓ ✕ ✕Books✓ ✓ ✕ ✓ ✕Augmented Reality✓✓ ✕✓✓ Current Approaches to Teaching javier Virtual Reality Positives: Best learning tool in paper Negatives:
Only 3 out of 12 professors liked it. 91% of students don’t have headsets. Risky tech. 7 javier In paper vr is the best option. Incredibly real experiences, students would love it and it would totally do an amazing job of teaching democracy. Outside of paper, in reality, it’s not feasible: One of our biggest pushers of our product would not support it. Professors did not choose virtual reality at all in the survey. It’s invasive, and not every professor might feel comfortable wearing one of those on their face with everyone watching. The technology is very young and a lot could go wrong when trying to do an exercise all at the same time. Not many students have headsets. (figure out number from survey) no space in a classroom. Do to the novelty, there is lack of workforce and a lack of competitive pricing when developing this.
Role Simulation Video Game 8 Positives: Great learning tool Negatives: Training for professors needs to be provided. Not used at home Takes one class to learn how to use Complex development. Takes one class to teach, and another to learn (Students take on average a class to get a hold of how to play. (survey) Training for professors needs to be provided (dents, 2018) Javier What else can be learned from survey It’s great because of this: immersive it is, it is new therefore better welcomed, usually through role playing it allows users to experience in a very direct way the life of a decision maker for example. On our survey we learned that people have laptops. Our secondary research tells us community colleges might not have them.
Development is very expensive. Due to the immersive nature of the technology. Role playing requires many small details. Too complex for prof. We know that The reason that killed it for us was that professors had a hard time implementing it in their class. Secondary research tells us it’s very important that they are aware and knowledgeable on how the game works. Our survey tells us that it might just be too intrusive, specially when democracy is not part on anyone's curriculum. They require a big learning curve. (did you have trouble learning how to play?) Can’t be used for one single class. But no more than 3, they take too much in the curriculum. (for how many classes did you use it?) (did you use it outside the classroom) Usable only once The Board Game No mobility
Home, Classrooms Professors won’t invest time It takes one class just to figure out how to play Professor funded 9 Jeffrey Augmented Reality (AR) 10 Javier Think of it as watching a vid on a book. It expands the knowledge in a book with a video like experience, It’s a new technology, half of the technology is going to be in the book Low risk. You can simply use the book if there is a problem with democracy.
Augmented Reality + Books 11 Expectations TIME AR Javier. The non boring and inmersive youtube videos and the credibility of books. Why partner with a book. Get ahead of the curve. Close to 90% of students believed a book is most credible than an app or a simulation game. SHE IS GETTING AHEAD AHEAD OF THE CURVE, THE OPPORTUNITY IS NOW. Low cost of development. Low risk. It’s able to do this: Still images in a book now show more than a 1000 words. Without having to google, waste time with videos you don’t want to watch. Content in books is trusted more than simulations, apps. (Student survey) Why partner up with books. Prof more willing to implement (survey) Students are already ivesting a lot in them (survey) They like books. The feel, the ownership. (survey)
Augmented Reality + Books Students View Already pay for books Ownership of book for future reference Perfect balance of internet and books Professors View Better if no training required Better if no technology issues More likely to recommend a book 12 javier Survey says students study better with books, but google is a big player as well. Balancing both out is important. While getting rid of the bad experience of each. Boring book, and distracting internet. Think of it as watching a vid on a book. It expands the knowledge in a book with a video like experience, It’s a new technology, half of the technology is going to be in the book Low risk. You can simply use the book if there is a problem with democracy.
College students still like studying from books. They like (survey) Professors are more likely to suggest a book (survey Professors won’t need to be trained. Students are already paying high amounts of money for books. (survey Students like to keep their books (survey) No big risk required from anyone, if AR (new tech) fails there is still a book to back it up. Entering the market with AR Students will buy the book if recommended by professor Student’s view 80% students would buy supplementary books. 13 Professor’s view No democracy professors Interested in making it a part in 1 class only They need a prepared package Remember, democracy is not yet even an entire class in most universities. This is more about prof interest in democracy versus the tech. Prof wouldn’t dedicate more than 1 class to the topic. We can’t
go from not being taught at all to suddenly everyone caring. Not dependent on being on the curriculum. Book can be bought by individuals of all walks of life, then read it at the comfort of their home. Students in the survey showed more willingness to spend 20$ on a physical book than on an app. Professors liked the medium as material for extra knowledge.(survey) Survey. Professors like the idea of testing students on the content of the book, or having a short project due. (Interview) Competition 14 Jeffrey https://tophat.com/blog/textbook-companies-disrupted/ Flipbacks
Vertical Structure Size of a Kindle Reader 10 million copies sold as of 2017 Potential 15 jeffrey Need for content Need for marketing space Flipbacks as Supplementary Books 80% of students would buy supplementary books. 90% Students like the idea of being able to multitask Only one hand is busy while using the flipback Study with Google 30% and 70% with books 57% of students would buy a book if recommended by professor
16 Javier Find out how much students liked the product. Insert percentage. Need for content Need for marketing space Flipback Advantages Patented ✓ 17 Freda This is not the normal book，Flipback in the shape of a phone with AR codes. And we will obtain the patented. According to the survey, students like to using books, because they can Writing on it to take a note and highlighting sth they think useful/important; the feel of it on your hands.
Price 18 Price Point ✓ Survey Statistic: $21-25 $24.99 To create and make a new AR App : $100,000-$200,000 Simple AR application: $30,000-50,000 Our AR App Publish Price: FREE Freda According to the survey, students invested lots of money, like $300-450 on textbooks each semester, As a student, they don’t want to pay more on an app. The purpose of our app, is to give students a better understanding of knowledge. And the price we set up for flipback is also include the app. So if you pay on flipback for $24.99 you will get the free app. Recommendation
Small Publishers + Small App Developer 19 Freda We choose the small company, because there is a change happening in marketplace.The five main textbook companies which Jeffery mentioned before are being disrupted. Change is happening. We are getting a head. Before that happens, we will figure out the solutions. It is good for work with small publishers and work with small application developer. we don’t want to be super big. First Client . Undergraduate and graduate schools with democracy programs and organizations
20 Students are interested in learning about democracy. ___ Pedagogical value of polling-place observation by students Tong There are existed democracy programs and organizations. Her study shows that students are interested in learning about democracy. Recommendation Continued Distribution Channel . In survey people use Amazon Therefore: Insert logo from Amazon. Recomednations from Amazon.
21 Tong Amazon quote on the survey. Flipbooks + AR . Like harry potter paintings, flipback books will bring boring to life. Technology will keep developing over the years, and books like this will become the norm
Safeguard Democracy They say voter ignorance is killing democracy, maybe we have stumbled with a much bigger solution. 22 javier Thank you 23 Reference
https://medium.com/@101/how-to-determine-the-right-price- for-your-mobile-app-88b266d64ea0 https://agilie.com/en/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-build-an- augmented-reality-app https://www.vrfitnessinsider.com/vr-fitness-naysayers-wrong- heres/chart/ https://thinkmobiles.com/blog/what-is-augmented-reality/ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science- and-politics/article/pedagogical-value-of-pollingplace- observation-by- students/99A4823B2FE884356615DC578B80EB65/core-reader http://www.aascu.org/programs/ADP/ https://government.georgetown.edu/democracy-and- governance/course-offerings https://democracy.missouri.edu/programs/undergraduate- programs/honors-collegefig/ 24
Business Opportunities for International Forest Products within the Agricultural Chemicals and Fertilizers Industry Written for International Forest Products Chief Operating Officer Vice President Marketing Intelligence Vice President Global Transportation Chief Financial Officer Vice President Operations Running head: BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS 2 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Project Focus 1 Research Findings 1 Recommendations 2 Introduction 2 Project Overview 2
Research Overview 3 Company Overview 3 Industry Analysis 4 Chemicals Industry 4 Tariffs 5 Industry Drivers 6 Industry Challenges 7 Major Players 8 Value Chain 10 Opportunities 12 Research 12 Latin America 14 Africa 16 Conclusion 17 Recommendations 19 Bibliography 20 Appendix A 23 Appendix B 25 List of Tables and Figures 37 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS Executive Summary Project Focus The focus of this report was to address whether is there an opportunity in the agricultural chemicals industry for International Forest Products. By conducting primary and secondary research, we were able to understand agricultural chemicals industry through exploration of the tariffs, industry drivers, industry challenges, major players, and the value chain. Our research of these key parts of the agricultural chemicals industry allowed us to identify potential business opportunities and offer recommendations for.
Research Findings Our research found that chemical industry is 69 percent of the larger sector of the materials industry, and is broken down in five sectors -- specialty; diversify; fertilizers and agricultural; industrial gas; and commodity[footnoteRef:1]. We focused our research on the agricultural chemicals and fertilizers sector of the chemicals industry which makes up 15 percent of the total industry1. Through our research into Chapter 31 of the Harmonized System (HS) codes, we found that the major raw components of fertilizer are 3102 Nitrogen, 3103 Phosphate, and 3104 Potash, and that all fertilizers imported into the United States are duty free[footnoteRef:2] [footnoteRef:3]. Our research also revealed three key industry drivers energy prices, government regulations, and commodity pricing[footnoteRef:4]. We also found that there are four industry challenges: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs); organic foods; safety; and the short product life cycle of fertilizers[footnoteRef:5]. Through our research into the production of Potash, Nitrogen and Phosphate, we identified five major players in the agricultural chemicals industry. These include ICL, Mosaic, CF, Potash, and Agrium[footnoteRef:6] [footnoteRef:7] [footnoteRef:8] [footnoteRef:9] [footnoteRef:10]. Potash and Agrium merged into Nutrien in January 20186 8. We also found that companies that produce agricultural chemicals and fertilizers are typically involved in every part of the value chain from extraction to retail. [1: Chemicals Industry Surveys (2017, November). Retrieved from https://www.capitaliq.com/CIQDotNet/Research/DocumentView er.aspx?documentViewerDocumentId=37881073# ] [2: Harmonized Tariff Schedule. (2018, March 29). Retrieved from hts.usitc.gov: https://hts.usitc.gov/current ] [3: U.S. International Trade Commission. (n.d.). Harmonized Tariff Schedule Search. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://hts.usitc.gov/ ] [4: Dun and Bradstreet. (2018, February 19). Agricultural
Chemical Manufacturing. Retrieved from http://www.mergentintellect.com/index.php/search/firstResearch Report/CHMA/Agriculturalchemical20180219.pdf ] [5: Loria, K. (2017, February 23). GMO market growing at 3.2% CAGR. Retrieved from https://www.fooddive.com/news/gmo-market-growing-at-32- cagr/436711/ ] [6: Agrium. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 AGRIUM Annual Report FINAL.pdf ] [7: The Mosaic Company. (2017, February 3). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018, from http://investors.mosaicco.com/Cache/c38082405.html ] [8: Potash Corp. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 PotashCorp Annual Report.pdf ] [9: Israel Chemicals. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://iclgroupv2.s3.amazonaws.com/corporate/wp- content/uploads/sites/1004/2018/03/ICL-2017-Annual-Report- 20-F.pdf ] [10: CF Industries. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.snl.com/Cache/1001234503.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y= &D=&FID=1001234503&iid=4533245 ] When researching opportunities for International Forest Products, our team found that there are three major factors that increase the need for fertilizer and they are high population, the production of corn, and the production of cotton[footnoteRef:11] [footnoteRef:12] [footnoteRef:13]. In addition to these three factors, we also researched the countries that produce the most bananas (as it was noted that International Forest Products maintains relationships with Dole and Chiquita). We concluded that the places with the biggest
business opportunities for International Forest Products are Latin America and West Africa. In Latin America, the country of Brazil is dependent upon imported fertilizer to make up the gap between domestic production and consumption[footnoteRef:14]. This gap could provide an opportunity for International Forest Products to enter the Brazilian market West Africa also is dependent on imported fertilizer and has been expanding its harvesting land area to increase its crop production[footnoteRef:15]. [11: Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016. Retrieved from https://www.keshrinandan.com/corn/world-corn-production- 20152016/ ] [12: USDA. (2018). Retrieved from https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/ogamaps/map.aspx?cmdty=Cotton&attr ibute=Production ] [13: World Atlas (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-banana-producing- countries-in-the-world.html ] [14: Simões, D. C., Caixeta- Filho, J. V., & Palekar, U. S. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=128757921&site=ehost- live ] [15: Mulholland, S. (2017, JULY 07). CRU. Retrieved from CRU INTERNATIONAL LTD: https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/ ] Recommendations 1 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS
Our three recommendations to International Forest Products are as follows: Match buyers to suppliers in West Africa and Brazil; finance smaller players in the market; or, conversely, not enter the agricultural chemicals industry. Introduction Project Overview Our project explored the business opportunities for International Forest Products within the agricultural chemicals and fertilizers industry. Our goal was to determine if there was an opportunity for International Forest Products to enter the agricultural chemicals industry through financing. By conducting primary and secondary research, we were able to understand the current climate of the agricultural chemicals industry, such as what the major ingredients are in agricultural chemicals and what countries need these chemicals the most. This understanding allowed us to identify potential business opportunities in these areas. In addition,, we could determine the major manufacturers and distributors of key chemicals and fertilizers, which allowed us to examine which companies need logistics and financing services, thus providing an opportunity for IFP to enter the market through those portals. . This report provides an in-depth examination of the international agricultural chemicals industry, the current climate within the industry, business opportunities, and several recommendations on how to enter the agricultural chemicals industry through logistics and financing. Research Overview To gain a better understanding of the agricultural chemicals industry, we started our research focusing broadly on the chemicals and fertilizer industry. First we defined the chemical industry as being an umbrella term used for various sub industries, including the fertilizer industry. We then defined the agricultural chemical industry as being a subset of the chemical industry and as being an umbrella term for the fertilizer industry. We wanted to understand how this industry looked
internationally, what were the major drivers of the market, who were the major players, and what countries used agricultural chemicals the most and for what purpose. Company Overview International Forest Products is a privately-owned subsidiary of the Kraft Group that handles the international logistics and transportation of paper products, including paper, pulp and wood, for other companies. International Forest Products currently is ranked the sixth largest exporter in the U.S.[footnoteRef:16]. For research purposes, we defined International Forest Products industry as “paper and pulp manufacturing”. Figure 1, from Mergent First Research database, shows the growth rate of the paper and pulp manufacturing industry from 2017 to a projected 2022. [16: International Forest Products. (2016). International Forest Products General Business Overview. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/Mia/Downloads/IFP General Presentation (2).pdf ] Figure 1: Paper and Pulp Manufacturing Industry Annual Growth Rate Retrieved From: Mergent. (2018, March 12). Paper & Paper Products Manufacturing. The paper and pulp manufacturing industry revenue is expected to grow at an annual compounding rate of 2 percent between the years 2018 to 2022[footnoteRef:17]. [17: Mergent. (2018, March 12). Paper & Paper Products Manufacturing. Retrieved from http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=145 ]
Since International Forest Products is a privately held company, certain types of financial information is not available. However, based on what we were told in the client's initial presentation to us, we can assume that International Forest Products has strong financial backing from the Kraft Group. Other assumptions that were made include the idea that the company provides a high level of customer service to its clients and that it can expand its business with its current clients. These assumptions were all based on extensive meetings with the clients over the course of several months. Industry Analysis Chemicals Industry According to an industry survey conducted by Standard and Poor’s NetAdvantage, the chemical industry is 69 percent of the larger sector of the materials industry[footnoteRef:18]. The chemicals industry is broken down in five sectors -- specialty, diversify, fertilizers and agricultural, industrial gas and commodity3. Figure 2 shows the five sectors by percentage of the industry. [18: Chemicals Industry Surveys (2017, November). Retrieved from https://www.capitaliq.com/CIQDotNet/Research/DocumentView er.aspx?documentViewerDocumentId=37881073# ] Figure 2: Chemical Industry Sectors Retrieved From: Chemicals Industry Surveys (2017, November). The fertilizers and agricultural chemicals sector makes up 15 percent of the industry3. This sizable percentage was a factor that helped us to decide to focus our research on the fertilizers and agricultural chemicals sector. The outlook for the agricultural chemical manufacturing industry is predicted to grow at a higher rate than the paper and pulp manufacturing industry. Figure 3 visualizes the annual
revenue rate of the agricultural chemicals manufacturing industry. Figure 3: Agricultural Chemicals Manufacturing Industry Growth Rate Retrieved From: Mergent (2017, November 13). First Research. According to Mergent First Research database, this sector is projected to grow at an annual compounding rate of 5 percent between the years 2018 to 2022[footnoteRef:19]. Compared to the 2 percent predicted growth rate of International Forest Products current industry, the agricultural chemicals industry presents an attractive opportunity for International Forest Products. [19: Mergent (2017, November 13). First Research. http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=161 ] Tariffs To understand the tariffs on agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, we looked at the Harmonized System codes, or HS codes, on fertilizers. Appendix A is a table that deals with Chapter 31, which contains all the HS codes dealing with fertilizer and agricultural chemicals[footnoteRef:20] [footnoteRef:21]. The relevant HS codes for the agricultural chemical industry were 3102 Nitrogen, 3103 Phosphate, and 3104 Potash5 6. According to the Chapter 31, as of 2018, all fertilizers imported into the United States are duty free5 6. Database restrictions did not allow us to find the tariffs for fertilizers in other countries. [20: Harmonized Tariff Schedule. (2018, March 29). Retrieved from hts.usitc.gov: https://hts.usitc.gov/current ] [21: U.S. International Trade Commission. (n.d.). Harmonized Tariff Schedule Search. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://hts.usitc.gov/
] Industry Drivers In an industry report by Mergent First Research on the agricultural chemicals industry, we located three key industry drivers. The first industry driver is energy prices. The cost of chemicals is directly related to cost of natural gas[footnoteRef:22]. Natural gas is used in the production of nitrogen, a key chemical ingredient in most fertilizers. Natural gas is used as a source of hydrogen and heat in the production of Nitrogen7. The second driver is government regulations. Regulations for fertilizer in the United States come from both the state level, as individual states have their own regulations, and the federal level from the Department of Agriculture. The Environmental Protection Agency also sets regulations and standards for fertilizers. The third driver is commodity prices such as the price of crops, metal and other raw materials. Crops and fertilizer have a direct relationship with one another as fertilizer is used to grow crops and fertilizer is dependent on the production of crops. Metals and fertilizer have a direct relationship with one another as the containers that are used to transport, and store fertilizers are made from various metals. [22: Dun and Bradstreet. (2018, February 19). Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing. Retrieved from http://www.mergentintellect.com/index.php/search/firstResearch Report/CHMA/Agriculturalchemical20180219.pdf ] This chart, retrieved from the United States Department of Agriculture’s website, depicts the historical price of fertilizer and the raw ingredients of fertilizer over the course of 16 years beginning in 2000[footnoteRef:23]. [23: Mosheim, R. (2018, February 21). United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from usds.gov: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data- products/fertilizer-use-and-price.aspx
] Figure 4: Fertilizer Price Index Retrieved From: Mosheim, R. (2018, February 21). United States Department of Agriculture. The graph shows the historic prices of nitrogen and phosphate but excludes potash8. The Department of Agriculture, for reasons unknown, ceased collection potash data in 1983. The price that farmers paid for fertilizer is significantly lower than the price of the individual fertilizer components, most likely since most farmers purchase fertilizer in bulk and therefore can pay significantly less than retailers would pay for fertilizer. Industry Challenges The agricultural chemicals industry also faces many challenges. One of the primary challenges is GMOs, or Genetically Modified Organisms. GMOs are being used as a substitute for fertilizer and agricultural chemicals. In the United States alone, the use of GMOs is expected to grow 3.2 percent annually from 2018 through 2021[footnoteRef:24]. This poses a significant problem for the agricultural chemicals industry because GMOs do not require fertilizers. Another significant challenge is the rising popularity of organic foods. The organic food industry is currently being estimated to be growing at a rate of 14 percent in the United States alone[footnoteRef:25]. The increase of sales in organic foods could reduce farmer’s consumption of agricultural chemicals. [24: Loria, K. (2017, February 23). GMO market growing at 3.2% CAGR. Retrieved from https://www.fooddive.com/news/gmo-market-growing-at-32- cagr/436711/ ] [25: Organic Food and Beverage Market Growth Projected at 14 Percent Before 2021. (2018, January 03). Retrieved April 19, 2018, from http://www.organicauthority.com/organic-food-and-
beverage-market-growth-projected-at-14-percent-before-2021/ ] One of the biggest challenges of the agricultural chemicals industry is safety. Transportation of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals is extremely dangerous and heavily regulated due to the risk of explosion 7. This also makes the agricultural chemical a high target for terrorists, because their potential use in creating explosives for attacks. The final challenge faced by this industry is the short product life cycle of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers. When these products are used constantly, diseases and insects become immune over time to the fertilizers and chemicals7. This creates the short product life cycle as producers of fertilizers need to create different formulas to stay effective and keep up with demand. Major Players Now that we have examined the agricultural chemicals industry, we are going to focus in and explore the major players of the agricultural chemicals industry. The chemicals industry analysis graph depicts the capacity of each company by millions of tons per year, broken down by potash, phosphate and nitrogen, the three major components of fertilizer[footnoteRef:26]. [26: Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://marketrealist.com/2017/01/industry-overview-biggest- players-fertilizer-industry ] Figure 5: Chemical Industry Analysis Companies by Total NPK Capacity Retrieved From: Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018
Most of these companies do not produce all three of the chemicals. It is also important to note that two companies, Potash Corp and Agrium, as of January 2018, merged to become Nutrien11 and that on the graph, the bar for the company is a project capacity based on the capacity of the two former companies. In our research we found that some of the companies such as Uralkali and Belaruskali are Russian, and we excluded them due to the current political climate between the United States and Russia. We consolidated the major industry players into five major companies and created a graphic to represent these companies which we believe have or hold the most potential for International Forest Products. Figure 6: Major Industry Players Retrieved From: Agrium. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018; The Mosaic Company. (2017, February 3). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018; Potash Corp. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018; CF Industries. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 Companies are organized by region, with ICL from Israel, Mosaic and CF from the United States, and Potash and Agrium from Canada[footnoteRef:27] [footnoteRef:28] [footnoteRef:29] [footnoteRef:30] [footnoteRef:31]. It is important to note that Potash and Agrium are highlighted in green due to the merger into Nutrien, and that the information for Potash and Agrium is based on pre-merger information12 14. Agrium has the highest total revenue of all the companies and that is expected to grow with the recent merger. The gross margin for these five companies ranges from 10.4 percent to 30.8 percent, with ICL having the highest gross margin of the five companies12 13 14 15 16. One very important factor is that of the three major chemical components of fertilizer, only Agrium and Potash
produce all three12 14. ICL is one of the smallest companies of the five companies that we examined. Because ICL is a small company -- it sells two out of the three major fertilizer components and has one of the highest gross margins of all five companies -- we believe that ICL would be an ideal company for International Paper Products to explore for financing opportunities. [27: Agrium. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 AGRIUM Annual Report FINAL.pdf ] [28: The Mosaic Company. (2017, February 3). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018, from http://investors.mosaicco.com/Cache/c38082405.html ] [29: Potash Corp. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 PotashCorp Annual Report.pdf ] [30: Israel Chemicals. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://iclgroupv2.s3.amazonaws.com/corporate/wp- content/uploads/sites/1004/2018/03/ICL-2017-Annual-Report- 20-F.pdf ] [31: CF Industries. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.snl.com/Cache/1001234503.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y= &D=&FID=1001234503&iid=4533245 ] Value Chain The value chain is based on the information gathered on the production cycle of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash, and how these components become fertilizers.
Figure 7: Agricultural Chemicals Value Chain Phosphate and potash are both extracted in their raw form via a mining process; nitrogen is produced through a process that extracts it from air via hydrogen and heat7. This map shows the parts of the world where potash and phosphate is extracted. Figure 8: Potash and Phosphate Rock Reserves Map Retrieved From: Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://marketrealist.com/2017/01/industry-overview-biggest- players-fertilizer-industry Most the world’s potash is primarily in and extracted from Canada and Russia11, while much of the world’s phosphate is primarily in and extracted from the continent of Africa and some from China11. These raw materials, once extracted, go to the materials processing sector to be processed into workable forms. Once they are processed they are brought to manufacturers who transform them into their final fertilizer forms. These fertilizers then go to wholesalers who either distribute the product to the farmers or to the retail sector. Opportunities Research Based on our research on the agricultural chemicals industry, we found three main factors that increase the need for fertilizer. The map below visually depicts the three main factors that increase the need for fertilizers. Figure 9: World Map of Population Concentration, Corn,
Cotton, and Banana Production Retrieved From: Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016.; USDA. (2018).; World Atlas (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. The first factor is high population, which is displayed on this map of the world by the high concentrations of red. The next factor is the farming of corn. The corn stalks on the map represent where and how much corn is harvested around the world[footnoteRef:32]. The next factor is the production of cotton, as depicted by the cotton plant graphic on the map[footnoteRef:33]. In addition to looking at corn and cotton production, we also looked at where the most bananas are grown in the world. During our meetings with Daniel Moore, he mentioned some of International Forest Products major customers are companies such as Dole and Chiquita, so we also took that into consideration when we focused on different regions of the world[footnoteRef:34]. Our research shows that the middle of the U.S., Brazil, West Africa, India, and China are the regions that need the most fertilizers. We are not recommending China due to the potential for a trade war brought on by the current political climate, an uncertainty of the tariffs on fertilizer, or whether the country will allow the import of the product from the U.S. Additionally, we will not be recommending India, as India has decided they will cease importing fertilizer within in the next five years. [32: Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016. Retrieved from https://www.keshrinandan.com/corn/world-corn-production- 20152016/ ] [33: USDA. (2018). Retrieved from https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/ogamaps/map.aspx?cmdty=Cotton&attr ibute=Production ] [34: World Atlas (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-banana-producing-
countries-in-the-world.html] Based on our examination of the production of corn, cotton and bananas around the world, we concluded that the United States, Brazil and other Latin American countries, and West Africa need the most fertilizer. To understand this need for fertilizers further, we examined where the United States is exporting to currently. This graph depicts the countries that the United States exports fertilizer to by metric tons. Figure 10: U.S. Fertilizer Exports by Metric Ton Retrieved From: Datamyne. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://www.datamyne.com/ We looked at the United States exports of Chapter 31, the fertilizer chapter, using the Datamyne database. One important fact that we wanted to highlight is that while the United States currently exports fertilizer to China, Mexico, and the Ivory Coast, countries such as Brazil and regions such as West Africa do not receive a great deal of fertilizer from the U.S.[footnoteRef:35]. Unfortunately, due to our restricted access to Datamyne, we were only able to find information on the United States imports and exports. As a result, we were not able to find any information on any other countries imports and exports of fertilizer. [35: Datamyne. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://www.datamyne.com/ ] Latin America Based on the high production of corn, cotton and bananas in Latin America, we view it as an opportunity to enter the agricultural chemicals industry. The expansion in the building of railroads in Latin America right now is being funded by outside Chinese investment[footnoteRef:36]. One project seeks
to link ports in Brazil to ports in Peru so that cargo can move more easily between the two2122. There has also been a shift in ports to places like Callao Panama due to this port lowering its costs to ship large shipments, thus making it more competitive[footnoteRef:37]. Brazil presents opportunities as the country relies heavily on imported fertilizer and, in 2015, used nearly 30.2 million metric tons of it[footnoteRef:38]. However, Brazil is also heavily reliant on trucking, which is something that needs to be accounted for in that country[footnoteRef:39]. [36: Tegel, S. (2017). Latin America's Delicate Dance With China. U.S. News - The Report, c20-c21. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=125669731&site=ehost- live ] [37: BRUNS, A. (2017). Ports Are in a Storm, but Central America will help the region find smoother water in 2017. Site Selection, 62(1), 45-47. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=120681213&site=ehost- live ] [38: Simões, D. C., Caixeta-Filho, J. V., & Palekar, U. S. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=128757921&site=ehost- live ] [39: Ward, R. (2017). Brazil largely unscathed by customs strike, truck delays remain. Joc Online, 1. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=123540017&site=ehost- live ] This map of Latin America from 2016 depicts the most active
ports and measures the ports activity in how many TEU, or Twenty-foot Equivalent Units, passed through each port in 2016. Figure 11: Latin American Port Activity by TEU in 2016 Retrieved From: BRUNS, A. (2017). Ports Are in a Storm, but Central America will help the region find smoother water in 2017. Site Selection, 62(1), 45-47. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=120681213&site=ehost- live The number one port, Santos, is in Brazil, and had more than 3 million TEU’s pass through it in 201622. The port of Callao in Peru, as of 2016, is the sixth largest port in Latin America. However, due to the recent shift of shipping prices within this port, it can be expected to move up in rank as it becomes more competitive. In addition to examining the Latin American climate, we also examined Brazil due to its gap between its domestic production of fertilizer and its consumption and Brazil having the most active port in Latin America. This graph predicts the port capacity vs the demand for fertilizer imports into Brazil from 2014 to 2025. Figure 12: Port Capacity VS Demand for Fertilizer Imports in Brazil (2014-2025) Retrieved From: Simões, D. C., Caixeta-Filho, J. V., & Palekar, U. S. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=128757921&site=ehost-
live As you can see there is capacity from 2014 (orange line) and is compared with the imports (gray line), and the port capacity (dash line). This graph predicts a steady rise in both demand for fertilizer and in the port capacity for Brazil, thus allowing port capacity to keep up with demand in the coming years24. This means that Brazil will not only need more fertilizer but will have the port capacity to accommodate this increase in imported fertilizer. Africa In addition to examining the business opportunities in Latin America, we also looked at those in Africa, and, more specifically, West Africa. In West Africa there is a significant need for fertilizer as the crop yields here are very low by international standards[footnoteRef:40]. This has led the region to a dependence on imported food 25. West Africa also has inadequate access to domestic fertilizer and as a result, is heavily dependent on imported fertilizer25. This provides an opportunity for a third-party importer to potentially export to West Africa to meet the demand for imported fertilizer. Infrastructure around ports has been increasing in the region as with new construction projects on ports to greatly improve infrastructure. For instance, there is currently a $1.5 billion infrastructure project currently being carried out in Tema Port in Ghana, which seeks to triple capacity by the end of 201925. There is also an opportunity to provide financing as more international companies are investing via financing in West Africa25. West Africa’s need for financing presents International Forest Products with a way to enter into the agricultural chemicals industry and the West African market. However, itis important to note that there is a significant lack of transportation infrastructure of any kind in the region which could create challenges with shipping products. This graph shows the increase in harvested land area by country in West
Africa from 1970 to a projected 2022. [40: Mulholland, S. (2017, JULY 07). CRU. Retrieved from CRU INTERNATIONAL LTD: https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/] Figure 13: West Africa Harvested Land Area from 1970 to 2022 Retrieved From: Mulholland, S. (2017, JULY 07). CRU. Retrieved from CRU INTERNATIONAL LTD: https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/ From 1970 all the way up to a projected 2022, there is a significant increase in harvesting area for every country. The most dramatic growth can be seen in Nigeria, which has the highest increase in harvesting area25. Nigeria could provide significant opportunity to ship fertilizer and agricultural chemicals to as the predicted rise in last will ultimately lead to an increase in crops and the need for fertilizer. Conclusion Based on our research, we have concluded that there are three choices for International Forest Products to enter the agricultural chemicals and fertilizers industry. We organized our three conclusions into a risk matrix with probability of risk on the vertical axis and impact of risk on International Forest Products on the horizontal axis as depicted by Figure 14. Figure 14: Recommendation Risk Matrix Each conclusion is categorized by the probability and the
impact on a low, medium, high scale. Our first conclusion is high risk probability, high risk impact and it is to match buyers to suppliers in West Africa and Brazil. International Forest Products can use their already successful model of matching buyers and suppliers of paper products and apply that same model to agricultural chemicals and fertilizers. We believe that IFP can utilize its current relationships with Dole and Chiquita to connect them with suppliers of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals for their banana crops in Brazil. We also believe that it can connect with other smaller producers of cotton and corn in Brazil and utilize the dependence on imported fertilizer in Brazil. Additionally, IFP can connect with smaller producers in West Africa, particularly Nigeria, as there is a dependence on imported fertilizer there as well. We categorized this course of action as having a high probability of risk and a high-risk impact because it involves a significant financial and time investment for International Forest Products that could potentially lead to failure. Our second conclusion is medium risk probability, medium risk impact and it is for International Forest Products to finance smaller players in the market. International Forest Products already finances paper products companies, and, in our meetings, we were told that IFP would be interested in financing smaller companies in the agricultural chemicals industry. We believe that ICL is an ideal company for International Forest Products to finance to enter the agricultural chemicals industry. ICL is one of the smaller players in the agricultural chemicals industry and is an international company. With the recent merger between Agrium and Potash into Nutrien, smaller companies are going feel the pressure from the merger and feel the need to stay competitive to compete with Nutrien. International Forest Products can offer financial backing to smaller players like ICL, and give them the advantage that they need to stay in the market. Through this financing, International Forest Products can enter the industry with less of an overall risk to themselves and develop a
relationship with an international company such as ICL. We categorized this course of action as being both medium risk probability and medium risk impact because financing poses less of a financial burden on International Forest Products and allows the company to enter into the market with a company that already has a place in the agricultural chemicals industry. International Forest Products will have less of a risk to themselves and have less of a risk of failure through financing a smaller company. Our third conclusion is low risk probability and low risk impact and that is to not enter the agricultural chemicals industry at this time. Based on our research into the agricultural chemicals industry, we found that the industry is extremely difficult to enter due to three major barriers to entry. The first barrier to entry is that there a high level of expertise needed in agricultural chemicals. Agricultural chemicals are complex and companies that produce them are usually solely dedicated to the product on these chemicals. International Forest Products does not have this level of expertise in the production and creation of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, therefore it is more difficult to enter the industry with this significant lack of knowledge. The second barrier to entry is the financial resources needed to enter the agricultural chemicals industry is too high for International Forest Products. Agricultural chemicals cost a great deal to produce and transport as many chemicals require delicate handling because of their explosive nature during production and transport. These costs and the risk of accidents are extremely high. Therefore, it would be too costly for International Forest Products to enter the agricultural chemicals industry. The third barrier to entry is that the industry is already dominated by large companies and those smaller companies that have merged, leaving little room for entry from what would be essentially a third party. The industry has begun to shrink with the introduction of Nutrien. Also, companies such as Nutrien are involved with almost every aspect of the value chain leaving little room for a company such
as International Forest Products to enter the transportation and logistics parts of the value chain. Recommendations Our objective of our research was to address and answer the question of is there an opportunity in the agricultural chemicals industry for International Forest Products. Our client meetings with IFC, in combination with our extensive research on the agricultural chemicals industry gave us insight into creating recommendations that International Forest Products can act on. Based on our research, we concluded that there is some opportunity in the agricultural chemicals market for International Forest Products. However, we recommend that International Forest Products should not enter the agricultural chemicals industry because the benefits do not outweigh the costs it would take to enter the industry. Bibliography (n.d.). Agrium. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 AGRIUM Annual Report FINAL.pdf BRUNS, A. (2017). Ports Are in a Storm, but Central America will help the region find smoother water in 2017. From http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=120681213&site=ehost- live CF Industries. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://www.snl.com/Cache/1001234503.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y= &D=&FID=1001234503&iid=4533245 Chemicals Industry Surveys. (2017). From https://www.capitaliq.com/CIQDotNet/Research/DocumentView er.aspx?documentViewerDocumentId=37881073#
Datamyne. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://www.datamyne.com/ Dun and Bradstreet. (2018). Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing. Retrieved February 19, 2018 from http://www.mergentintellect.com/index.php/search/firstResearch Report/CHMA/Agriculturalchemical20180219.pdf (2018). Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Retrieved March 29, 2018 from https://hts.usitc.gov/current International Forest Products. (2016). International Forest Products General Business Overview. Retrieved 2018 from file:///C:/Users/Mia/Downloads/IFP General Presentation (2).pdf Israel Chemicals. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://iclgroupv2.s3.amazonaws.com/corporate/wp- content/uploads/sites/1004/2018/03/ICL-2017-Annual-Report- 20-F.pdf Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://marketrealist.com/2017/01/industry-overview-biggest- players-fertilizer-industry Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016. From https://www.keshrinandan.com/corn/world- corn-production-20152016/ Loria, K. (2017). GMO market growing at 3.2% CAGR. From https://www.fooddive.com/news/gmo-market-growing-at-32- cagr/436711/ Mergent. (2017). First Research. From
http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=161 Mergent. (2018). Paper & Paper Products Manufacturing. Retrieved March 12, 2018 from http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=145 Mosheim, R. (2018). United States Department of Agriculture. From https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/fertilizer-use-and- price.aspx Mulholland, S. (2017). CRU. From https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/ (2018). Organic Food and Beverage Market Growth Projected at 14 Percent Before 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from http://www.organicauthority.com/organic-food-and-beverage- market-growth-projected-at-14-percent-before-2021/ Potash Corp. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 PotashCorp Annual Report.pdf Simões, D. C.-F. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 Tegel, S. (2017). Latin America's Delicate Dance With China. U.S. News - The Report, c20-c21. From http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=125669731&site=ehost- live
The Mosaic Company. (2017). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018 from http://investors.mosaicco.com/Cache/c38082405.html U.S. International Trade Commission. (n.d.). Harmonized Tariff Schedule Search. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://hts.usitc.gov/ USDA. (2018). From https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/ogamaps/map.aspx?cmdty=Cotton&attr ibute=Production Ward, R. (2017). Brazil largely unscathed by customs strike, truck delays remain. Joc Online, 1. From http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=123540017&site=ehost- live World Atlas. (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. From https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-banana- producing-countries-in-the-world.html Appendix A Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2018) Revision 2 (Posted March 29, 2018) Heading/ Subheading Stat. Suffix Article Description Unit Rates of Duty
of Quantity General Special 2 3101.00.00 00 Animal or vegetable fertilizers, whether or not mixed together or chemically treated; fertilizers produced by the mixing or chemical treatment of animal or vegetable products T Free Free 3102 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous: 3102.10.00 Urea, whether or not in aqueous solution. . Free Free 10 Solid urea Other: T
30 Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) of a kind meeting ISO 22241 T 50 Other: T 3103 3103.11.00 3103.19.00 3103.90.01 3104 3104.20.00 3104.30.00 3105 3105.20.00
00 00 00 00 00 00 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, phosphatic: Superphosphates: Containing by weight 35 percent or more of diphosphorous pentaoxide (P2O5). Other Other Mineral or chemical fertilizers, potassic: Potassium chloride Potassium sulfate Mineral or chemical fertilizers containing two or three of the fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; other fertilizers; goods of this chapter in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not exceeding 10 kg: Mineral or chemical fertilizers containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
T T T T T T Free Free Free Free Free Free
Free Free Free Free Free Free Appendix B List of Tables and Figures Figure 1: Paper and Pulp Manufacturing Industry Annual Growth Rate3 Figure 2: Chemical Industry Sectors4 Figure 3: Agricultural Chemicals Manufacturing Industry Growth Rate4
Figure 4: Fertilizer Price Index6 Figure 5: Chemical Industry Analysis Companies by Total NPK Capacity8 Figure 6: Major Industry Players9 Figure 7: Agricultural Chemicals Value Chain11 Figure 8: Potash and Phosphate Rock Reserves Map12 Figure 9: World Map of Population Concentration, Corn, Cotton, and Banana Production13 Figure 10: U.S. Fertilizer Exports by Metric Ton14 Figure 11: Latin American Port Activity by TEU in 201616 Figure 12: Port Capacity VS Demand for Fertilizer Imports in Brazil (2014-2025)17 Figure 13: West Africa Harvested Land Area from 1970 to 202218 Figure 14: Recommendation Risk Matrix19 Business Opportunities for Sample Company A within Boston’s Large Pharma Market Executive Summary Jodi's PC INTRODUCTION Project Overview Our project explored the business opportunities for Sample Company A within Boston’s large pharma market. Our goal was to understand the benefits potential clients gain from using your
services and why a client would choose you over another vendor. By conducting primary and secondary research, we were able to understand your target market’s main business objectives, such as reducing costs and speeding up the drug discovery pipeline, which serve as major areas of opportunity for you. Additionally, we were able to identify the services offered by your competitors which allowed us to conduct a competitive analysis. This report provides insights into the large pharma industry nationally and locally, recent outsourcing trends, business opportunities for you, and recommendations on how to enter the market as a compound management (CM) partner of choice. Research Process To gain a deeper understanding of the large pharma industry, we approached our project as if we were a potential client. We determined the definition of a “large pharma company” to be a company with annual revenues over $20B. We wanted to know what the industry looks like nationally and locally with a specific focus on various trends occurring within the market. We found over fifty articles specific to the large pharma industry, with data relating to compound management, drug development, and outsourcing. This approach led us to look into various competitors, as if we were a potential client looking for a CM partner, in order to determine the services provided by your competition. This secondary research, combined with two primary interviews, allowed us to shape our recommendations that provide the framework for your continued growth within Boston’s large pharma market. Industry Analysis Pharma Industry According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, the U.S. pharma industry is the largest in the world and it continues to experience steady growth. As noted in figure 1, in 2011 U.S. pharma sales are estimated to be $396B. As a whole, the pharma
industry is a free market, where government agencies cannot negotiate with drug suppliers for lower prices. As a result, consumers in the U.S. pay more for prescription drugs than in any other country. However, as patents expire large pharma companies are losing profits on their blockbuster drugs due to the entry of generic drugs, which makes up 80% of drug sales based on volume. Similarly, due to recent trends in innovative pricing arrangements for biopharmaceuticals and tiered drug pricing, insurers are trending towards cutting costs for prescription drugs.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Economist Business Intelligence Unit, 2012] Figure 1: U.S. Pharmaceutical Sales: 2006 - 2015 Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2012 Outsourcing Trends To stay competitive within the industry, large pharma companies are looking to increase their profit margins through outsourcing. In 2005, the total pharmaceutical outsourcing market was estimated at $33B and was expected to grow to $48B. Outsourcing can reduce overall costs by 30% - 50% and increase the pace of drug discovery processes.[footnoteRef:2] A survey conducted by Pharmaceutical Outsourcing showed that large pharma companies have increased the number of contract research and manufacturing organizations (CROs and CMOs) that they outsource to. These companies are outsourcing to vendors with the goal of reducing overall costs in three main areas: manufacturing; process development; and research and development.[footnoteRef:3] A significant portion of this outsourcing is sent to China and India; however, there is data to suggest that companies are looking to move these processes back to the U.S. as wages increase in foreign countries and
regulations become more stringent. [2: Chaturvedi, 2005] [3: Langer, 2012] Boston Market There are over 240 biotech and pharma companies that have operations in Massachusetts. As noted in table 1, large pharma companies have a major presence in the state which has a significant on the Massachusetts economy:[footnoteRef:4] [4: Contract Pharma, 2012] Table 1: Top Pharmaceutical Companies Company Name 2011 Revenue Pfizer $57.7B Novartis $47.9B Sanofi $42.7B Merck $41.2B GlaxoSmithKline $35.5B Astra Zeneca $32.9B Johnson & Johnson $24.3B Abbott $22.4B Source: Contract Pharma, July/August 2012 In an industry analysis of Boston’s large pharma market, MBC reports that the market has experienced trends toward innovation and cost reduction efforts, such as: · Increased partnerships and merger and acquisition (M&A)
deals to diversify product portfolios due to weak drug pipelines and expiring patents; · Convergence of drugs, diagnostics, and medical devices to drive development; · Focus on flexibility and cost reduction within operating models; and, · Development of strategic partnerships to increase value to the organization and consumers. [footnoteRef:5] [5: Massachusetts Biotechnology Council, 2009] Business Opportunities We found the main business objectives of your potential clients to be cost reduction and improving operational efficiencies. A survey released by MBC in 2009 reported that large pharma companies are looking for new models that improve their operating cost structures and margins; outsourcing opportunities to reduce costs in research and development; and, streamlined processes to expand manufacturing and R&D functions within the state. [footnoteRef:6] Additionally, the results of an industry-wide survey conducted by Pharma IQ of 4,000 compound management specialists shows that there are three primary concerns within their department: the quality of samples; management of sample data; and the need to construct new libraries to support research requirements. [6: Massachusetts Biotechnology Council, 2009] Figure 2: Client Compound Management Needs Source: Pharma IQ, May 2012 The survey revealed that quality perseverance, safeguarding sample quality, and introducing an effective identification and tracking system are key priorities for compound managers and
their departments.[footnoteRef:7] [7: Pharma IQ, 2012] The largest area of opportunity for you within the large pharma market is during the M&A transition phase. Large pharma companies have the human and financial capital available for in-house sample management and procurement. However, large pharma companies will continue to acquire biotech companies with rich pipeline potential for product diversification and innovation. To avoid internal conflict and disruption of workflows, large pharma companies look for CM partners, such as yourself, that are neutral parties during the transition.[footnoteRef:8] As companies continue to expand operations domestically and internationally, there is also a need to keep some compounds close to new satellite locations. [8: Wigglesworth & Wood, 2012] From the client perspective, there are a few conditions that will make outsourcing CM successful for an organization. First and foremost, it must provide cost savings for the client. Additionally, it must increase their operational efficiency and optimize their resource allocation which enables the client to work on other projects. Lastly, relationships with partners like yourself must be built on quality; customer service; scientific knowledge; reputation; and, cost effectiveness. According to Pharmaceutical Outsourcing, there are five key competencies clients require from their CM partners: [footnoteRef:9] [9: Boucharens, 2010] · Privacy protection for samples · Robust chain of custody procedures for samples · Appropriate conditions for sample storage and disposal · Procedures to comply with regulations · Sample coding Competitive Analysis We found over 25 companies that provide compound
management services to the pharmaceutical industry. To conduct a competitive analysis, we identified four major competitors that provide service offerings similar to yours. Table 2 provides a snapshot of your competition with their annual sales revenue and services provided, as stated on their websites. Table 2: Competitor Snapshot Company 2011 Sales Company Snapshot Frontier Scientific Logan, UT $7.1M FSI has a reputation for high purity and fast delivery. FSI has a R&D department focusing on new generation compounds and custom synthesis. They can provide customers with unique compounds that are not available on a commercial basis anywhere else. FSI provides contract research services and compounds at competitive rates.[footnoteRef:10] [10: Frontier Scientific, Inc., 2012] Enzo Life Sciences Farmingdale, NY $4.4M Enzo Life Sciences identifies, synthesizes and commercializes known bioactives. They have a catalog of over 3,000 stand- alone small molecules and a unique collection of small molecules including inhibitors, activators, and inducers which can be ordered individually and in any volume. The library collections are supplied with complete documentation for integration into a client’s compound database. In addition, they offer a custom library solution for hard-to-source compounds. Enzo boasts having stringent quality control with state-of-the- art technology.[footnoteRef:11] [11: Enzo Life Sciences, 2012]
AsisChem, Inc. Watertown, MA $1.1M AsisChem maintains an extensive catalog of building blocks and screening compounds which can be supplied within weeks. They work on custom synthesis and design libraries for screening. They have a small molecule collection designed as a universal screening library, which is used for primary screening against a wide range of biological targets, including those where no structural information is available providing their customers with diverse and novel drug-like small molecules. AsisChem serves the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the area of new drug research and discovery. 55% of AsisChem's current customers are pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. They are also a preferred partner for dozens of universities and non-profit institutes.[footnoteRef:12] [12: AsisChem, Inc., 2012] Hamilton Storage Hopkington, MA Privately held; no sales data Hamilton is a leader in the design and manufacture of liquid handling, process analytics, robotic workstations and automated storage solutions which is ISO 9001 certifed. They are introducing the next generation of ultra-low temperature biological sample storage systems, which protects samples from warming events, ensuring maximum sample quality is maintained.[footnoteRef:13] [13: Hamilton Storage, 2012]
To conduct a competitive analysis, we compared your services offerings against your competitors to those potential clients in the Boston area would look for in a CM partner: · Customer Service · Privacy protection for samples; quality and assurance controls · Appropriate conditions for sample storage · Online inventory management and sample coding · Proximity to Greater Boston / Kendall Square We found that an area of opportunity for you lies in differentiating your service offerings from your competitors. As seen in figure 3, there is a lot of overlap in service offerings between you and your competitors. In order to gain market share in this area, you will need to set yourself apart from your competitors. Figure 3: Sample Company A Competitive Analysis Recommendations To enter Boston’s large pharma market as a preferred partner for CM services, we recommend that you focus on differentiating your service offerings from your competitors. This can be done through your online and print collateral. Additionally, building relationships with decision makers within large pharma companies will be beneficial as you will be able to further understand what their business objectives are and provide innovative solutions to them. Trust is an important factor in the CM industry and building business relationships at every level of the organization is critical. By developing these relationships, you will gain inside information regarding hot biotech companies that are likely to be acquired by large pharma companies. This will give you an edge against your competitors. Lastly, you can build visibility and network with potential clients by attending and speaking at conferences such as the Compound Management & Integrity Summit. Based on our findings, we believe that implementing the
recommendations outlined above will leverage your core business competencies and enable you to enter Boston’s large pharma market as a CM partner offering unique and high- quality services to clients. Bibliography AsisChem, Inc. (2012). Screening Compounds. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from AsisChem, Inc.: http://www.asischem.com/screeninglib.aspx Boucharens, P. S. (2010, November 1). Outsourcing Compound Inventory Trend or Real Benefits? Retrieved November 8, 2012, from Pharmaceutical Outsourcing: http://www.pharmoutsourcing.com/Featured-Articles/37498- Outsourcing-Compound-Inventory-Trend-or-Real-Benefits/ Chaturvedi, S. (2005). Outsourcing in Pharmaceutical Industry. New York, NY, United States of America. Retrieved November 26, 2012, from http://www.bionity.com/en/whitepapers/49803/outsourcing-in- pharmaceutical-industry.html Contract Pharma. (2012, July/August). Top 20 Pharma Report. (G. Roth, Editor) Retrieved October 8, 2012, from Contract Pharma: http://www.contractpharma.com/issues/2012- 07/view_features/top-20-pharma-report/ Enzo Life Sciences. (2012). Compound Libraries. Retrieved December 5, 2012, from Enzo Life Sciences: http://www.enzolifesciences.com/welcome/compound-libraries/ Frontier Scientific, Inc. (2012). About FSI. Retrieved December 5, 2012, from http://www.frontiersci.com/about.html Hamilton Storage. (2012). About Hamilton Storage Technologies. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Hamilton Storage: http://www.hamilton-storage.com/topnav/about-us/ Langer, E. (2012, September 17). Biopharmaceutical Industry Outsourcing Trends: China and India Continuing Full-court Press. Pharmaceutical Outsourcing, 13. Rockville, MD, USA. Retrieved November 26, 2012, from http://www.pharmoutsourcing.com/Featured-Articles/121110-
Biopharmaceutical-Industry-Outsourcing-Trends-China-and- India-Continuing-Full-court-Press/ Massachusetts Biotechnology Council. (2009, April). Strategic Outlook for 2015 and Strategic Plan. Retrieved November 19, 2012, from Massachusetts Biotechnology Council: http://www.massbio.org/writable/files/2015_Report/full_2015_r eport_for_distribution.pdf Pharma IQ. (2012, May 21). Expanding Sample Libraries Tops the Wish List for Compound and Sample Managers. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from Pharma IQ: http://www.pharma- iq.com/pre-clinical-discovery-and- development/articles/expanding-sample-libraries-tops-the-wish- list-for/ The Economist Intelligence Unit. (2012, June 1). USA: Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals Report. New York, NY, USA. Retrieved Novembe 26, 2012, from http://www.eiu.com/index.asp?layout=ib3Article&article_id=18 69250771&country_id=1530000153&pubtypeid=1152462500&i ndustry_id=&category_id=775133077 Wigglesworth, M., & Wood, T. (2012). Management of Chemical and Biological Samples for Screening Applications. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from http://books.google.com/books?id=Hd6HRB4AWf8C&pg=PA26 5&dq=sample+library+pharma&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=on epage&q&f=false Report TitleHeader 1 This is your overview paragraph where you describe the main point and how the report is laid out. Header 2 Aas;ldkfjal;sjflakjlasjflajflajflajflajflasjflajflak;sjflk;ajflajsdflk ajflkajflkajflajflkajsflkajflkajsfljaslfkjalkfjalsfjalskjfaljflajflajfa
lsjfalsjfalsjfalksjfalskfjalsjfalkjfakljflaksjflasjfal;jflasdjflak;sjfl ;akdjf 1. subheader: a;lskfjal;sdkfjas lfjaslkjfalskfjalsjfalsjfalskjflas flasjflaksjflaksjflaksjflaksjfla;ksjflkasjfl;asjflkasjflkasjfklasjdfl k;thialkjsdf;lkasdfj;laksjdfl;ajfljaslfjaslfjalfjasl;kdjfasd;lfkjal;sf jaljflajflajflajflasjflasjdflasjflasjflasjfl;kaj 2. sub header 2 : This was discussed extensively and wlkjslklkjlkjlkjlkjlsdflkjdlkjlkjasldkjflaksdjflaskjflskdjflskjflksj flaksjf;qpwoeiurqopwieuropqiuroqpwieuroqieuropqiuropqiruiu pqoiuopiuopqiwueropiuopiu upoiupoiuopiquweopruiqowruqwopiruowipruopiuoiuasy to follow. This could include · bullet 1 · Bullet 2 · Bullet 3 · Bullet 4 · Bullet 5 3. subheader 3: : Determine which of the brainstormed to resolve them. Header 3 Asdf;kljas;dlkjfl;kajsl;djf;ljk End of document. Your Group Name and/or Suffolk University
Report Date Final Report Check List Please ensure that your final Report includes: Description Completed · Footer including page number · Footer including Final Business Report to Client Name · Endnotes for all research including primary. All interviews should include name/date/time/title · Do you have a strong and compelling introduction and conclusion? · Powerpoint as one of the appendices · All useful data as appendices 1. List your team objective/overall question In my team, Our have to consider Laura‘s requirements from law and politics. After our meeting, we wanted to use AR as a key solution. Now, we need to do our researches from 5 parts( Market description, Competition, Potential consumers, The market of AR, and Pricepoint.) 2. List your specific tasks assigned for this deliverable My specific task is looking for our potential consumers for AR.
The following points are what I am looking for. 3. Secondary Research Notes Category Suffolk Database Date 4/4/2019 Key points 1. An evaluation of the pedagogical value of a research project involving 23 colleges and universities across the country. 2. The goal of the American Democracy Project is to produce college and university graduates who are equipped with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and experiences they need to be informed, engaged members of their communities. Summary: 1. In this report, Students expressed interest in participating in similar research in the future and would advise other students to do so and expressed interest in learning more about the themes of their experience centers. This is our potential consumers, not only law school students. More and more democracy class will occur. 2. No only democratic classes in the college, the universities, and colleges also cooperated with each other and create different projects. That will increase our potential markets. Citation in APA format including the url:
1. Mann, C. B., Alberda, G. A., Birkhead, N. A., Ouyang, Y., Singer, C., Stewart, C., . . . Wronski, J. (2018, May 16). Pedagogical Value of Polling-Place Observation by Students. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps- political-science-and-politics/article/pedagogical-value-of- pollingplace-observation-by- students/99A4823B2FE884356615DC578B80EB65/core-reader https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science- and-politics/article/pedagogical-value-of-pollingplace- observation-by- students/99A4823B2FE884356615DC578B80EB65/core-reader 2. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aascu.org/programs/ADP/ http://www.aascu.org/programs/ADP/ Category Google Date 4/4/2019 Key points 1. They formed a campus chapter of the nonpartisan national student organization, the Democracy Matters (DM) Institute to deepen democracy and promote civic engagement. 2. Our goal is to establish an expectation that every student will engage in courses, programs and activities aimed at preparing them for effective participation in democracy. 3. Suffolk University’s faculty, students, and alumni are researching and reshaping the political landscape in Massachusetts and around the world.
Summary: How do the points help you? 1. 1. Our AR not only can sell to students, but also the organizations in the colleges. 2. 2. More than 10 years after our studies and others demonstrated the value of experiential learning for political engagement, there is little evidence that most higher education institutions and individual faculty members have integrated education for democracy into their programs and courses. For this article, it showed that there is a huge potential market to expand from common students. 3. That’s a great example for organizations. Many colleges have similar organizations and we can cooperate with them. Citation in APA format including the url: 1. Review, P. (2014, December 29). Democracy Matters at Colgate University. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/publications- research/periodicals/democracy-matters-colgate-university https://www.aacu.org/publications- research/periodicals/democracy-matters-colgate-university 2. Inside Higher Ed. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion 3. https://www.suffolk.edu/about/directory/public-policy- practice-hub/democracy-and-government Democracy & Government. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.suffolk.edu/about/directory/public-policy-practice-
hub/democracy-and-government Secondary Research Notes Category Google Date 4/4/2019 Key points 4. Curriculum and Requirements in the department of government( Georgetown University) 5. “CONSTITUTIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY HONORS COLLEGE COURSE SERIES”, that is a introduction of this course and aim. 6. Get an introduction to democracy with online courses from MIT, Harvard, and other major universities and institutions worldwide. 7. Role of Schools in a Democratic Society: the committee offers a powerful description of the habits and behaviors integral to democratic citizenship. This description can serve to guide efforts to center democratic goals for public education and to reform curriculum, pedagogy, and the organization of schooling. Summary: 4. There is an M.A. program in democracy and governance. Except for organizations in university and cooperated
institution, the special classes of democracy also are in common colleges. 5. That’s another example for many well-known universities have begun to attach importance to democratic education and set up special courses. 6. Now more and more online courses appear in universities, and our AR products can help students understand because they don’t have a teacher’s explanation. 7. From this article, Nowadays, society is paying more and more attention to democratic education, and this will reform or increase related courses. In the future, this is also a big potential market for us. Citation in APA format including the url: 4.Curriculum and Requirements. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://government.georgetown.edu/democracy-and- governance/course-offerings https://government.georgetown.edu/democracy-and- governance/course-offerings 5. Constitutionalism and Democracy Honors College Course Series. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://democracy.missouri.edu/programs/undergraduate- programs/honors-collegefig/ https://democracy.missouri.edu/programs/undergraduate- programs/honors-collegefig/ 6. Democracy. (2018, February 14). Retrieved from https://www.edx.org/learn/democracy https://www.edx.org/learn/democracy 7. Hytten, K. (2018, September 18). Democracy and Education in the United States. Retrieved from http://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/97801902 64093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-2 http://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/97801902
64093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-2 Category Google Date 4/4/2019 Key points Summary: How do the points help you? More than 10 years after our studies and others demonstrated the value of experiential learning for political engagement, there is little evidence that most higher education institutions and individual faculty members have integrated education for democracy into their programs and courses. Citation in APA format including the url: Inside Higher Ed. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion 4. Primary Research Notes Category Interview (Chaofan Li and Tong Zhang) Date 4/4/2019
Who you spoke with including their title Herbert N. Ramy Professor of Academic Support Director, Academic Support Program Where Suffolk Law School 120 Tremont Street Key points 1. He was glad using technical tools to help him to teach the class. 2. He just gave 5 points to the video game to willingness.(1-10) 3. He never uses simulation to teach students and he has used practical cases to help. 4. He didn’t exclude teaching with video games, but the content must match the courses. 5. He thought that we can increase educational technology into undergraduate studies. Summary: How do the points help you? For all of the points, I can be sure that the professor accepts the use of educational tools for teaching, but it is not very interesting, and there are also unique ideas for the content of video games. In my opinion, if we educate democracy in the
form of video games, our audience may be particularly small. For that, we gave up the video game instead of AR. Citation in APA format including the url: 4. List the areas that you will not cover. This will be used in case the client asks a question in this area. If the basic class in university teach democracy? If we have to focus on which colleges have related organizations and curriculum for now? For our research, we got a report of which name is the
pedagogical value of polling-place observation by students. In this report, 257 students are all college students from 23 colleges and universities across the country. The professors and public officials cooperate to work for the Election Day experience. For the result, the students expressed interest in more learning and research about the topics central to their experience. At the same time, students found their experiences to be valuable and reported learning generally and specifically related to course material. 75% of participants considered the time they spent on the project to be very (24%) or somewhat (51%) valuable. Deliverable: Final Business Report Objective: To provide the client with the details of the analysis and presentation in formal business report format. Format: format business report format. Spelling and grammar count. Write in prose with bullets and charts to organize the data easily. Use charts from your presentation. Support all your points with your research. Avoid using superlatives like “great” or “large” or “growing.” Instead use specifics like numbers or expert opinions to support your point. Include · All points from your presentation. The report needs to be comprehensive of all information from the presentation · Additional information that you did not use in your presentation can be included as an appendix · Sources that were referenced · Headers to outline the different sections · Clear and smooth transitions between paragraphs · Concisely and professionally written Overview of Report Structure Cover Page Include an informative title that indicates the focus and nature
of the report Include the date and the author's name, title, and organizational affiliation Indicate for whom the report was written Executive Summary Summarize the report in such a way that it could stand on its own and would make sense to a managerial, public, or non- technical audience Stay within two to three paragraphs Briefly explain the focus, context, and research method or main headings of the report Incorporate the key conclusions Table of Contents List all first- and second-level section headings Reproduce the headings and numbering exactly from the body of the report Include the full titles of all appendices List of Figures/ List of Tables List all figures and tables (under separate headings) with page number for each Reproduce exactly the numbering and full titles of each figure and table Introduction Introduce the report and briefly explain the focus and context for the report Provide sufficient background for general readers Refrain from presenting conclusions and recommendations Possible sections that can be included as part of the introduction are Objective of the Study, Scope, Background Required section is research overview where you discuss your primary and secondary research approach (not the details just your approach)
Body Research methods – Describes how the research was carried out Present, interpret, and discuss your findings Include properly formatted citations. Use foot or endnotes. The sections should correspond with directly with your presentation structure and flow Figures and Tables Numbered in separate series (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1, Table 3, Figure 2) Informatively titled (e.g., Table 1: Annual precipitation in Calgary, 1980 - 1990) Properly formatted, with the title for tables above and that for figures below Accompanied by legends or footnotes to explain abbreviations or provide information Interpret the information presented. It is essential for you to introduce the figure/table, display it, then discuss what it suggests. Referred to and discussed in the body of the report Accompanied by a source citation, if the information was borrowed or adapted Use figures/graphs from your presentation that are substantive Large figures can be referenced as appendices Include all primary research (raw data and all findings) in the appendix. Be comprehensive. Conclusions Show the most important findings Refrain from introducing new information Show that the report’s objectives have been met Recommendations Suggest actions that can be taken or considered in light of the report conclusions
References Follow standard APA format. Be comprehensive. Include everything you used. This list should be substantial and more than 15 sources at least. (e.g. APA, MLA) List all sources cited in the report Appendices Include other information that would be of interest to the readers on the topic pertaining to the report Pay attention to the audiences. Who will be reading the report? Avoid wordiness. Be concise and straightforward. Use active voice Note for grammatical errors (e.g. parallelism, run-on sentences, verb tenses, spelling, punctuation, etc.) Transition and flow

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The Dream of ARThe Target MarketNumber of Pr.docx

  • 1. The Dream of AR The Target Market Number of Professors teaching Number of Students enrolledUse of technology in classroom?Willingness to implement more tech usage?UG Government19,00042,813 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓UG Politics21,000Masters Government12,00026,321Masters Politics13,000Law School10,232 full-time 17,021 part-time38,392 Target Market Challenge The education market has been around for 100’s of years Unique structure Same uniform curriculum Are teachers and professors ready for the change? Set in old ways
  • 2. Expanding their horizon Unique structure Uniform curriculum Well structured well respected ? Willing to change Jt Partners Undergraduate and graduate school with democracy programs and organizations. What courses and organizations exist now? EDX: Massive open online course (MOCC) The university of Missouri: Constitutionalism and Democracy series Georgetown College: M.A. program in democracy and governance ADP: a network focused on engaged citizens for our democracy.
  • 3. ( American Democracy project) Colgate University: DM is a nonpartisan organization for educating people about the role of private money in politics and its impact on democracy. Who：Herbert N. Ramy，Professor of Academic Support Director, Academic Support Program. Law Writing class. Summary: glad to use technical tools to help him to teach the class. Just 5 points to the video game to willingness.(1-10) Never uses Role simulation to teach students. He didn’t exclude teaching with video games, but the content must match the courses. Increase educational technology into undergraduate studies. Conclusion: He believes in technology, doesn't really use it, he cares about the relevance of content with his class content. If we educate democracy in the form of video games, our audience may be particularly small. For that, we gave up the video game instead of AR. The interview with Law School professor
  • 4. Survey Analysis Do you prefer using hardcover textbooks or eBooks? Do you think a cell phone or tablet can be valuable in class? Do you think technology helps the learning process? Survey Analysis Continued.. Imagine using your cell phones or tablets camera as a scanner, that scans a image on your eBook or textbook and then provides a better understanding of what you are learning through a pre recording of a professor speaking to you.Would you be interested? Would you be interested in learning about a subject through an app you downloaded on your cell phone or tablet? How can we promote democracy better? AR Because of target market challenge, Give up video game
  • 5. Choose Augmented Reality What is Augmented Reality? Augmented reality is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are "augmented" computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, and olfactory. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=GbpqwU UfMAQ (magic leap whale) javie Different kinds of approaches Trusted ContentAttractiveConvenienceProfessor TrainingStudents ResponsibilityUse of MobilityVirtual Reality ✕ ✓ ✕ ✓ ✓ ✕ Role Simulation Video game ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✕ Board Game ✓ ✕ ✓ ✓ ✕ ✕ Augmented Reality ✓ ✓ ✓ ✕
  • 6. ✓ ✓ javier The advantages of AR For product promotion If you can imagine, AR can do it. Create advantages for product Improving students’ experience by raising the degree of awareness and helping them understand what they want Flexible Tong How Augmented Reality Works? Augmented Reality works by deploying virtual images over real-world objects. The overlay is executed immediately with the input received from a camera or another input device like smart glasses. Augmented Reality technology brings virtual objects into the surrounding environment. Javie Tiny Book solution for students
  • 7. Javier. We specialize in the pain points of our consumers. We came up with this as we tried ourselves using AR on books. We realized we needed to have a desk in front of us. 10 million copies in europe, penguin picked it up. Patent it !!! Tiny books in the shape of a phone with AR codes. javier Tiny book Price Point Typically, Tiny books are priced at $4.99-$29.99. Our Tiny book price: $24.99 Calculated process from Survey: Competitors and Threats Other AR books using this technology to teach Research shows AR is only being used for explaining and teaching astronomy, human and animal anatomy
  • 8. Well branded and established textbooks and technology companies looking to create a new way of teaching App creators who are hired just to create There are no government textbooks or applications using Augmented Reality! jt Price Point What Is Fair And Reasonable Price? Do Analysis Understand User Expectations Free or $0.99 More complex utilities $2.99-$4.99 $4.99+ require a wide feature set and a lot of touches Experiment Identify Your Target Customer To create and make a new Augmented Reality application: At least $100,000-$200,000 Simple AR application: $30-50,000 Our Augmented Reality Publish Price: FREE Freda The key to pricing your app is to find a balance between functionality and user expectations. If they are not happy, they will tell them by comments and ratings. Try different price ranges and, most importantly, don't rely on the app's initial sales price to increase revenue. Augmented/ Virtual Reality Revenue Forecast ($B)
  • 9. Freda By 2020, the AR/VR industry is conservatively projected to be worth upwards of $120 Billion. Recommendation Choosing a trustworthy software creator AppInstitute Appy Pie GoodBarber Choosing a Small book company to publish Tiny Fox Press C & R Press Tupelo Press Red Hen Press Our recommendation revolves around the fact that we need to secure the patent and choose a software creator and small book publisher Ensuring complete safety when going onto the next step Jeff Conclusion
  • 11. · Gluteus Medius TF Extension Concentric Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis TC Dorsiflexion Isometric Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius ST Anatomical Position Isometric N/A MTP IP Anatomical Position Isometric N/A Phase 2 (Top Picture) Joint Movement Muscle Action Agonist (s) AF · Flexion · Adduction · Eccentric · Extension · Psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, rectus femoris, adductor magnus, adductor longus, tensor fascia latae · Gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis TF
  • 12. Flexion Eccentric Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius TC Dorsiflexion Isometric N/A ST Anatomical Position Isometric N/A MTP IP Anatomical Position Isometric N/A Phase 1 (Right Picture) Joint Movement Muscle Action Agonist (s) Spine Anatomic Position Isometric N/A C-SP Anatomic Position Isometric N/A GH · Flexion · Horizontal Adduction · Concentric · Concentric
  • 13. · Pectoralis Major (clavicular), deltoid (anterior · Pectoralis major, deltoid (anterior) SCAP · Elevation · Abduction · Upward Rotation · Concentric · Concentric · Concentric · Trapezius (upper), rhomboid major, levator scapulae · Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior · Serratus anterior, trapezius HU Extension Isometric N/A RU Pronation Isometric N/A RC Anatomic Position Isometric N/A MCP Flexion Isometric N/A IP Flexion Isometric N/A CMC-1 Opposition Isometric N/A
  • 14. Phase 2 (Left Picture) Joint Movement Muscle Action Agonist(s) Spine Anatomic Position Isometric N/A C-SP Anatomic Position Isometric N/A GH · Extension · Horizontal Abduction · Eccentric · Eccentric · Pectoralis Major (Sternal), Deltoid (Posterior), Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major · Deltoid (middle & posterior), infraspinatus, teres minor SCAP · Depression · Adduction · Downward Rotation · Eccentric · Eccentric · Eccentric · Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior · Trapezius (middle)rhomboid major · Pectoralis minor, rhomboid major, levator scapulae HU Extension Isometric N/A
  • 15. RU Pronation Isometric N/A RC Anatomic Position Isometric N/A MCP Flexion Isometric N/A IP Flexion Isometric N/A CMC-1 Opposition Isometric N/A Democracy in Higher Education 1 javier Table of Contents Surveys Intro What do we know about Democracy? How is Democracy being taught? Why is Augmented Reality preferred?
  • 16. The Recommendation 2 javier Talk about the outline of the story, Mention the size of our surveys and interviews plus 2dary research. Survey Demographics 3 N: 12 How long: 1 week Classes taught: BLE, MKT, Social Change, Public Policy. Why: Get more preferences and thoughts from teachers N: 38 How long: 1 week Why: Our target market is mainly college students javier We also run interviews. The Knowledge of Democracy 100% of professors surveyed are interested in implementing democracy in their class.
  • 17. Students learning interest: Knowledge on Democracy is assumed, it’s not taught! 4 interested not interested jeffrey Talk about professors as well. They want to teach democracy Back up data for taking for granted. (prof interview) It’s not part of most curriculums and there is no specific class about it. It’s a topic that’s given for granted that we all know about. Just like grammar, or calculous. The Market Challenge Current Education Content & Pricing Expensive ($48-$384) Bulky Textbooks (1.2- 4.8 lbs) Well established and structured curriculum Over 100,000 students studying law & politics Roughly 60,000 professors teaching government
  • 18. 5 Citation: agilie.com Jeffrey 6Trusted ContentConvenienceProfessor TrainingStudents ResponsibilityUse of MobilityVirtual Reality✕✕ ✓ ✓✕Role Simulation Video Game✓✓✓✓ ✕Board Game✓ ✕✓ ✕ ✕Books✓ ✓ ✕ ✓ ✕Augmented Reality✓✓ ✕✓✓ Current Approaches to Teaching javier Virtual Reality Positives: Best learning tool in paper Negatives:
  • 19. Only 3 out of 12 professors liked it. 91% of students don’t have headsets. Risky tech. 7 javier In paper vr is the best option. Incredibly real experiences, students would love it and it would totally do an amazing job of teaching democracy. Outside of paper, in reality, it’s not feasible: One of our biggest pushers of our product would not support it. Professors did not choose virtual reality at all in the survey. It’s invasive, and not every professor might feel comfortable wearing one of those on their face with everyone watching. The technology is very young and a lot could go wrong when trying to do an exercise all at the same time. Not many students have headsets. (figure out number from survey) no space in a classroom. Do to the novelty, there is lack of workforce and a lack of competitive pricing when developing this.
  • 20. Role Simulation Video Game 8 Positives: Great learning tool Negatives: Training for professors needs to be provided. Not used at home Takes one class to learn how to use Complex development. Takes one class to teach, and another to learn (Students take on average a class to get a hold of how to play. (survey) Training for professors needs to be provided (dents, 2018) Javier What else can be learned from survey It’s great because of this: immersive it is, it is new therefore better welcomed, usually through role playing it allows users to experience in a very direct way the life of a decision maker for example. On our survey we learned that people have laptops. Our secondary research tells us community colleges might not have them.
  • 21. Development is very expensive. Due to the immersive nature of the technology. Role playing requires many small details. Too complex for prof. We know that The reason that killed it for us was that professors had a hard time implementing it in their class. Secondary research tells us it’s very important that they are aware and knowledgeable on how the game works. Our survey tells us that it might just be too intrusive, specially when democracy is not part on anyone's curriculum. They require a big learning curve. (did you have trouble learning how to play?) Can’t be used for one single class. But no more than 3, they take too much in the curriculum. (for how many classes did you use it?) (did you use it outside the classroom) Usable only once The Board Game No mobility
  • 22. Home, Classrooms Professors won’t invest time It takes one class just to figure out how to play Professor funded 9 Jeffrey Augmented Reality (AR) 10 Javier Think of it as watching a vid on a book. It expands the knowledge in a book with a video like experience, It’s a new technology, half of the technology is going to be in the book Low risk. You can simply use the book if there is a problem with democracy.
  • 23. Augmented Reality + Books 11 Expectations TIME AR Javier. The non boring and inmersive youtube videos and the credibility of books. Why partner with a book. Get ahead of the curve. Close to 90% of students believed a book is most credible than an app or a simulation game. SHE IS GETTING AHEAD AHEAD OF THE CURVE, THE OPPORTUNITY IS NOW. Low cost of development. Low risk. It’s able to do this: Still images in a book now show more than a 1000 words. Without having to google, waste time with videos you don’t want to watch. Content in books is trusted more than simulations, apps. (Student survey) Why partner up with books. Prof more willing to implement (survey) Students are already ivesting a lot in them (survey) They like books. The feel, the ownership. (survey)
  • 24. Augmented Reality + Books Students View Already pay for books Ownership of book for future reference Perfect balance of internet and books Professors View Better if no training required Better if no technology issues More likely to recommend a book 12 javier Survey says students study better with books, but google is a big player as well. Balancing both out is important. While getting rid of the bad experience of each. Boring book, and distracting internet. Think of it as watching a vid on a book. It expands the knowledge in a book with a video like experience, It’s a new technology, half of the technology is going to be in the book Low risk. You can simply use the book if there is a problem with democracy.
  • 25. College students still like studying from books. They like (survey) Professors are more likely to suggest a book (survey Professors won’t need to be trained. Students are already paying high amounts of money for books. (survey Students like to keep their books (survey) No big risk required from anyone, if AR (new tech) fails there is still a book to back it up. Entering the market with AR Students will buy the book if recommended by professor Student’s view 80% students would buy supplementary books. 13 Professor’s view No democracy professors Interested in making it a part in 1 class only They need a prepared package Remember, democracy is not yet even an entire class in most universities. This is more about prof interest in democracy versus the tech. Prof wouldn’t dedicate more than 1 class to the topic. We can’t
  • 26. go from not being taught at all to suddenly everyone caring. Not dependent on being on the curriculum. Book can be bought by individuals of all walks of life, then read it at the comfort of their home. Students in the survey showed more willingness to spend 20$ on a physical book than on an app. Professors liked the medium as material for extra knowledge.(survey) Survey. Professors like the idea of testing students on the content of the book, or having a short project due. (Interview) Competition 14 Jeffrey https://tophat.com/blog/textbook-companies-disrupted/ Flipbacks
  • 27. Vertical Structure Size of a Kindle Reader 10 million copies sold as of 2017 Potential 15 jeffrey Need for content Need for marketing space Flipbacks as Supplementary Books 80% of students would buy supplementary books. 90% Students like the idea of being able to multitask Only one hand is busy while using the flipback Study with Google 30% and 70% with books 57% of students would buy a book if recommended by professor
  • 28. 16 Javier Find out how much students liked the product. Insert percentage. Need for content Need for marketing space Flipback Advantages Patented ✓ 17 Freda This is not the normal book，Flipback in the shape of a phone with AR codes. And we will obtain the patented. According to the survey, students like to using books, because they can Writing on it to take a note and highlighting sth they think useful/important; the feel of it on your hands.
  • 29. Price 18 Price Point ✓ Survey Statistic: $21-25 $24.99 To create and make a new AR App : $100,000-$200,000 Simple AR application: $30,000-50,000 Our AR App Publish Price: FREE Freda According to the survey, students invested lots of money, like $300-450 on textbooks each semester, As a student, they don’t want to pay more on an app. The purpose of our app, is to give students a better understanding of knowledge. And the price we set up for flipback is also include the app. So if you pay on flipback for $24.99 you will get the free app. Recommendation
  • 30. Small Publishers + Small App Developer 19 Freda We choose the small company, because there is a change happening in marketplace.The five main textbook companies which Jeffery mentioned before are being disrupted. Change is happening. We are getting a head. Before that happens, we will figure out the solutions. It is good for work with small publishers and work with small application developer. we don’t want to be super big. First Client . Undergraduate and graduate schools with democracy programs and organizations
  • 31. 20 Students are interested in learning about democracy. ___ Pedagogical value of polling-place observation by students Tong There are existed democracy programs and organizations. Her study shows that students are interested in learning about democracy. Recommendation Continued Distribution Channel . In survey people use Amazon Therefore: Insert logo from Amazon. Recomednations from Amazon.
  • 32. 21 Tong Amazon quote on the survey. Flipbooks + AR . Like harry potter paintings, flipback books will bring boring to life. Technology will keep developing over the years, and books like this will become the norm
  • 33. Safeguard Democracy They say voter ignorance is killing democracy, maybe we have stumbled with a much bigger solution. 22 javier Thank you 23 Reference
  • 35. Business Opportunities for International Forest Products within the Agricultural Chemicals and Fertilizers Industry Written for International Forest Products Chief Operating Officer Vice President Marketing Intelligence Vice President Global Transportation Chief Financial Officer Vice President Operations Running head: BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS 2 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Project Focus 1 Research Findings 1 Recommendations 2 Introduction 2 Project Overview 2
  • 36. Research Overview 3 Company Overview 3 Industry Analysis 4 Chemicals Industry 4 Tariffs 5 Industry Drivers 6 Industry Challenges 7 Major Players 8 Value Chain 10 Opportunities 12 Research 12 Latin America 14 Africa 16 Conclusion 17 Recommendations 19 Bibliography 20 Appendix A 23 Appendix B 25 List of Tables and Figures 37 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS Executive Summary Project Focus The focus of this report was to address whether is there an opportunity in the agricultural chemicals industry for International Forest Products. By conducting primary and secondary research, we were able to understand agricultural chemicals industry through exploration of the tariffs, industry drivers, industry challenges, major players, and the value chain. Our research of these key parts of the agricultural chemicals industry allowed us to identify potential business opportunities and offer recommendations for.
  • 37. Research Findings Our research found that chemical industry is 69 percent of the larger sector of the materials industry, and is broken down in five sectors -- specialty; diversify; fertilizers and agricultural; industrial gas; and commodity[footnoteRef:1]. We focused our research on the agricultural chemicals and fertilizers sector of the chemicals industry which makes up 15 percent of the total industry1. Through our research into Chapter 31 of the Harmonized System (HS) codes, we found that the major raw components of fertilizer are 3102 Nitrogen, 3103 Phosphate, and 3104 Potash, and that all fertilizers imported into the United States are duty free[footnoteRef:2] [footnoteRef:3]. Our research also revealed three key industry drivers energy prices, government regulations, and commodity pricing[footnoteRef:4]. We also found that there are four industry challenges: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs); organic foods; safety; and the short product life cycle of fertilizers[footnoteRef:5]. Through our research into the production of Potash, Nitrogen and Phosphate, we identified five major players in the agricultural chemicals industry. These include ICL, Mosaic, CF, Potash, and Agrium[footnoteRef:6] [footnoteRef:7] [footnoteRef:8] [footnoteRef:9] [footnoteRef:10]. Potash and Agrium merged into Nutrien in January 20186 8. We also found that companies that produce agricultural chemicals and fertilizers are typically involved in every part of the value chain from extraction to retail. [1: Chemicals Industry Surveys (2017, November). Retrieved from https://www.capitaliq.com/CIQDotNet/Research/DocumentView er.aspx?documentViewerDocumentId=37881073# ] [2: Harmonized Tariff Schedule. (2018, March 29). Retrieved from hts.usitc.gov: https://hts.usitc.gov/current ] [3: U.S. International Trade Commission. (n.d.). Harmonized Tariff Schedule Search. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://hts.usitc.gov/ ] [4: Dun and Bradstreet. (2018, February 19). Agricultural
  • 38. Chemical Manufacturing. Retrieved from http://www.mergentintellect.com/index.php/search/firstResearch Report/CHMA/Agriculturalchemical20180219.pdf ] [5: Loria, K. (2017, February 23). GMO market growing at 3.2% CAGR. Retrieved from https://www.fooddive.com/news/gmo-market-growing-at-32- cagr/436711/ ] [6: Agrium. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 AGRIUM Annual Report FINAL.pdf ] [7: The Mosaic Company. (2017, February 3). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018, from http://investors.mosaicco.com/Cache/c38082405.html ] [8: Potash Corp. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 PotashCorp Annual Report.pdf ] [9: Israel Chemicals. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://iclgroupv2.s3.amazonaws.com/corporate/wp- content/uploads/sites/1004/2018/03/ICL-2017-Annual-Report- 20-F.pdf ] [10: CF Industries. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.snl.com/Cache/1001234503.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y= &D=&FID=1001234503&iid=4533245 ] When researching opportunities for International Forest Products, our team found that there are three major factors that increase the need for fertilizer and they are high population, the production of corn, and the production of cotton[footnoteRef:11] [footnoteRef:12] [footnoteRef:13]. In addition to these three factors, we also researched the countries that produce the most bananas (as it was noted that International Forest Products maintains relationships with Dole and Chiquita). We concluded that the places with the biggest
  • 39. business opportunities for International Forest Products are Latin America and West Africa. In Latin America, the country of Brazil is dependent upon imported fertilizer to make up the gap between domestic production and consumption[footnoteRef:14]. This gap could provide an opportunity for International Forest Products to enter the Brazilian market West Africa also is dependent on imported fertilizer and has been expanding its harvesting land area to increase its crop production[footnoteRef:15]. [11: Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016. Retrieved from https://www.keshrinandan.com/corn/world-corn-production- 20152016/ ] [12: USDA. (2018). Retrieved from https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/ogamaps/map.aspx?cmdty=Cotton&attr ibute=Production ] [13: World Atlas (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-banana-producing- countries-in-the-world.html ] [14: Simões, D. C., Caixeta- Filho, J. V., & Palekar, U. S. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=128757921&site=ehost- live ] [15: Mulholland, S. (2017, JULY 07). CRU. Retrieved from CRU INTERNATIONAL LTD: https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/ ] Recommendations 1 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITES FOR INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS
  • 40. Our three recommendations to International Forest Products are as follows: Match buyers to suppliers in West Africa and Brazil; finance smaller players in the market; or, conversely, not enter the agricultural chemicals industry. Introduction Project Overview Our project explored the business opportunities for International Forest Products within the agricultural chemicals and fertilizers industry. Our goal was to determine if there was an opportunity for International Forest Products to enter the agricultural chemicals industry through financing. By conducting primary and secondary research, we were able to understand the current climate of the agricultural chemicals industry, such as what the major ingredients are in agricultural chemicals and what countries need these chemicals the most. This understanding allowed us to identify potential business opportunities in these areas. In addition,, we could determine the major manufacturers and distributors of key chemicals and fertilizers, which allowed us to examine which companies need logistics and financing services, thus providing an opportunity for IFP to enter the market through those portals. . This report provides an in-depth examination of the international agricultural chemicals industry, the current climate within the industry, business opportunities, and several recommendations on how to enter the agricultural chemicals industry through logistics and financing. Research Overview To gain a better understanding of the agricultural chemicals industry, we started our research focusing broadly on the chemicals and fertilizer industry. First we defined the chemical industry as being an umbrella term used for various sub industries, including the fertilizer industry. We then defined the agricultural chemical industry as being a subset of the chemical industry and as being an umbrella term for the fertilizer industry. We wanted to understand how this industry looked
  • 41. internationally, what were the major drivers of the market, who were the major players, and what countries used agricultural chemicals the most and for what purpose. Company Overview International Forest Products is a privately-owned subsidiary of the Kraft Group that handles the international logistics and transportation of paper products, including paper, pulp and wood, for other companies. International Forest Products currently is ranked the sixth largest exporter in the U.S.[footnoteRef:16]. For research purposes, we defined International Forest Products industry as “paper and pulp manufacturing”. Figure 1, from Mergent First Research database, shows the growth rate of the paper and pulp manufacturing industry from 2017 to a projected 2022. [16: International Forest Products. (2016). International Forest Products General Business Overview. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/Mia/Downloads/IFP General Presentation (2).pdf ] Figure 1: Paper and Pulp Manufacturing Industry Annual Growth Rate Retrieved From: Mergent. (2018, March 12). Paper & Paper Products Manufacturing. The paper and pulp manufacturing industry revenue is expected to grow at an annual compounding rate of 2 percent between the years 2018 to 2022[footnoteRef:17]. [17: Mergent. (2018, March 12). Paper & Paper Products Manufacturing. Retrieved from http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=145 ]
  • 42. Since International Forest Products is a privately held company, certain types of financial information is not available. However, based on what we were told in the client's initial presentation to us, we can assume that International Forest Products has strong financial backing from the Kraft Group. Other assumptions that were made include the idea that the company provides a high level of customer service to its clients and that it can expand its business with its current clients. These assumptions were all based on extensive meetings with the clients over the course of several months. Industry Analysis Chemicals Industry According to an industry survey conducted by Standard and Poor’s NetAdvantage, the chemical industry is 69 percent of the larger sector of the materials industry[footnoteRef:18]. The chemicals industry is broken down in five sectors -- specialty, diversify, fertilizers and agricultural, industrial gas and commodity3. Figure 2 shows the five sectors by percentage of the industry. [18: Chemicals Industry Surveys (2017, November). Retrieved from https://www.capitaliq.com/CIQDotNet/Research/DocumentView er.aspx?documentViewerDocumentId=37881073# ] Figure 2: Chemical Industry Sectors Retrieved From: Chemicals Industry Surveys (2017, November). The fertilizers and agricultural chemicals sector makes up 15 percent of the industry3. This sizable percentage was a factor that helped us to decide to focus our research on the fertilizers and agricultural chemicals sector. The outlook for the agricultural chemical manufacturing industry is predicted to grow at a higher rate than the paper and pulp manufacturing industry. Figure 3 visualizes the annual
  • 43. revenue rate of the agricultural chemicals manufacturing industry. Figure 3: Agricultural Chemicals Manufacturing Industry Growth Rate Retrieved From: Mergent (2017, November 13). First Research. According to Mergent First Research database, this sector is projected to grow at an annual compounding rate of 5 percent between the years 2018 to 2022[footnoteRef:19]. Compared to the 2 percent predicted growth rate of International Forest Products current industry, the agricultural chemicals industry presents an attractive opportunity for International Forest Products. [19: Mergent (2017, November 13). First Research. http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=161 ] Tariffs To understand the tariffs on agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, we looked at the Harmonized System codes, or HS codes, on fertilizers. Appendix A is a table that deals with Chapter 31, which contains all the HS codes dealing with fertilizer and agricultural chemicals[footnoteRef:20] [footnoteRef:21]. The relevant HS codes for the agricultural chemical industry were 3102 Nitrogen, 3103 Phosphate, and 3104 Potash5 6. According to the Chapter 31, as of 2018, all fertilizers imported into the United States are duty free5 6. Database restrictions did not allow us to find the tariffs for fertilizers in other countries. [20: Harmonized Tariff Schedule. (2018, March 29). Retrieved from hts.usitc.gov: https://hts.usitc.gov/current ] [21: U.S. International Trade Commission. (n.d.). Harmonized Tariff Schedule Search. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://hts.usitc.gov/
  • 44. ] Industry Drivers In an industry report by Mergent First Research on the agricultural chemicals industry, we located three key industry drivers. The first industry driver is energy prices. The cost of chemicals is directly related to cost of natural gas[footnoteRef:22]. Natural gas is used in the production of nitrogen, a key chemical ingredient in most fertilizers. Natural gas is used as a source of hydrogen and heat in the production of Nitrogen7. The second driver is government regulations. Regulations for fertilizer in the United States come from both the state level, as individual states have their own regulations, and the federal level from the Department of Agriculture. The Environmental Protection Agency also sets regulations and standards for fertilizers. The third driver is commodity prices such as the price of crops, metal and other raw materials. Crops and fertilizer have a direct relationship with one another as fertilizer is used to grow crops and fertilizer is dependent on the production of crops. Metals and fertilizer have a direct relationship with one another as the containers that are used to transport, and store fertilizers are made from various metals. [22: Dun and Bradstreet. (2018, February 19). Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing. Retrieved from http://www.mergentintellect.com/index.php/search/firstResearch Report/CHMA/Agriculturalchemical20180219.pdf ] This chart, retrieved from the United States Department of Agriculture’s website, depicts the historical price of fertilizer and the raw ingredients of fertilizer over the course of 16 years beginning in 2000[footnoteRef:23]. [23: Mosheim, R. (2018, February 21). United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from usds.gov: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data- products/fertilizer-use-and-price.aspx
  • 45. ] Figure 4: Fertilizer Price Index Retrieved From: Mosheim, R. (2018, February 21). United States Department of Agriculture. The graph shows the historic prices of nitrogen and phosphate but excludes potash8. The Department of Agriculture, for reasons unknown, ceased collection potash data in 1983. The price that farmers paid for fertilizer is significantly lower than the price of the individual fertilizer components, most likely since most farmers purchase fertilizer in bulk and therefore can pay significantly less than retailers would pay for fertilizer. Industry Challenges The agricultural chemicals industry also faces many challenges. One of the primary challenges is GMOs, or Genetically Modified Organisms. GMOs are being used as a substitute for fertilizer and agricultural chemicals. In the United States alone, the use of GMOs is expected to grow 3.2 percent annually from 2018 through 2021[footnoteRef:24]. This poses a significant problem for the agricultural chemicals industry because GMOs do not require fertilizers. Another significant challenge is the rising popularity of organic foods. The organic food industry is currently being estimated to be growing at a rate of 14 percent in the United States alone[footnoteRef:25]. The increase of sales in organic foods could reduce farmer’s consumption of agricultural chemicals. [24: Loria, K. (2017, February 23). GMO market growing at 3.2% CAGR. Retrieved from https://www.fooddive.com/news/gmo-market-growing-at-32- cagr/436711/ ] [25: Organic Food and Beverage Market Growth Projected at 14 Percent Before 2021. (2018, January 03). Retrieved April 19, 2018, from http://www.organicauthority.com/organic-food-and-
  • 46. beverage-market-growth-projected-at-14-percent-before-2021/ ] One of the biggest challenges of the agricultural chemicals industry is safety. Transportation of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals is extremely dangerous and heavily regulated due to the risk of explosion 7. This also makes the agricultural chemical a high target for terrorists, because their potential use in creating explosives for attacks. The final challenge faced by this industry is the short product life cycle of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers. When these products are used constantly, diseases and insects become immune over time to the fertilizers and chemicals7. This creates the short product life cycle as producers of fertilizers need to create different formulas to stay effective and keep up with demand. Major Players Now that we have examined the agricultural chemicals industry, we are going to focus in and explore the major players of the agricultural chemicals industry. The chemicals industry analysis graph depicts the capacity of each company by millions of tons per year, broken down by potash, phosphate and nitrogen, the three major components of fertilizer[footnoteRef:26]. [26: Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://marketrealist.com/2017/01/industry-overview-biggest- players-fertilizer-industry ] Figure 5: Chemical Industry Analysis Companies by Total NPK Capacity Retrieved From: Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018
  • 47. Most of these companies do not produce all three of the chemicals. It is also important to note that two companies, Potash Corp and Agrium, as of January 2018, merged to become Nutrien11 and that on the graph, the bar for the company is a project capacity based on the capacity of the two former companies. In our research we found that some of the companies such as Uralkali and Belaruskali are Russian, and we excluded them due to the current political climate between the United States and Russia. We consolidated the major industry players into five major companies and created a graphic to represent these companies which we believe have or hold the most potential for International Forest Products. Figure 6: Major Industry Players Retrieved From: Agrium. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018; The Mosaic Company. (2017, February 3). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018; Potash Corp. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018; CF Industries. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 Companies are organized by region, with ICL from Israel, Mosaic and CF from the United States, and Potash and Agrium from Canada[footnoteRef:27] [footnoteRef:28] [footnoteRef:29] [footnoteRef:30] [footnoteRef:31]. It is important to note that Potash and Agrium are highlighted in green due to the merger into Nutrien, and that the information for Potash and Agrium is based on pre-merger information12 14. Agrium has the highest total revenue of all the companies and that is expected to grow with the recent merger. The gross margin for these five companies ranges from 10.4 percent to 30.8 percent, with ICL having the highest gross margin of the five companies12 13 14 15 16. One very important factor is that of the three major chemical components of fertilizer, only Agrium and Potash
  • 48. produce all three12 14. ICL is one of the smallest companies of the five companies that we examined. Because ICL is a small company -- it sells two out of the three major fertilizer components and has one of the highest gross margins of all five companies -- we believe that ICL would be an ideal company for International Paper Products to explore for financing opportunities. [27: Agrium. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 AGRIUM Annual Report FINAL.pdf ] [28: The Mosaic Company. (2017, February 3). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018, from http://investors.mosaicco.com/Cache/c38082405.html ] [29: Potash Corp. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 PotashCorp Annual Report.pdf ] [30: Israel Chemicals. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://iclgroupv2.s3.amazonaws.com/corporate/wp- content/uploads/sites/1004/2018/03/ICL-2017-Annual-Report- 20-F.pdf ] [31: CF Industries. (2018, February). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.snl.com/Cache/1001234503.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y= &D=&FID=1001234503&iid=4533245 ] Value Chain The value chain is based on the information gathered on the production cycle of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash, and how these components become fertilizers.
  • 49. Figure 7: Agricultural Chemicals Value Chain Phosphate and potash are both extracted in their raw form via a mining process; nitrogen is produced through a process that extracts it from air via hydrogen and heat7. This map shows the parts of the world where potash and phosphate is extracted. Figure 8: Potash and Phosphate Rock Reserves Map Retrieved From: Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://marketrealist.com/2017/01/industry-overview-biggest- players-fertilizer-industry Most the world’s potash is primarily in and extracted from Canada and Russia11, while much of the world’s phosphate is primarily in and extracted from the continent of Africa and some from China11. These raw materials, once extracted, go to the materials processing sector to be processed into workable forms. Once they are processed they are brought to manufacturers who transform them into their final fertilizer forms. These fertilizers then go to wholesalers who either distribute the product to the farmers or to the retail sector. Opportunities Research Based on our research on the agricultural chemicals industry, we found three main factors that increase the need for fertilizer. The map below visually depicts the three main factors that increase the need for fertilizers. Figure 9: World Map of Population Concentration, Corn,
  • 50. Cotton, and Banana Production Retrieved From: Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016.; USDA. (2018).; World Atlas (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. The first factor is high population, which is displayed on this map of the world by the high concentrations of red. The next factor is the farming of corn. The corn stalks on the map represent where and how much corn is harvested around the world[footnoteRef:32]. The next factor is the production of cotton, as depicted by the cotton plant graphic on the map[footnoteRef:33]. In addition to looking at corn and cotton production, we also looked at where the most bananas are grown in the world. During our meetings with Daniel Moore, he mentioned some of International Forest Products major customers are companies such as Dole and Chiquita, so we also took that into consideration when we focused on different regions of the world[footnoteRef:34]. Our research shows that the middle of the U.S., Brazil, West Africa, India, and China are the regions that need the most fertilizers. We are not recommending China due to the potential for a trade war brought on by the current political climate, an uncertainty of the tariffs on fertilizer, or whether the country will allow the import of the product from the U.S. Additionally, we will not be recommending India, as India has decided they will cease importing fertilizer within in the next five years. [32: Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016. Retrieved from https://www.keshrinandan.com/corn/world-corn-production- 20152016/ ] [33: USDA. (2018). Retrieved from https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/ogamaps/map.aspx?cmdty=Cotton&attr ibute=Production ] [34: World Atlas (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-banana-producing-
  • 51. countries-in-the-world.html] Based on our examination of the production of corn, cotton and bananas around the world, we concluded that the United States, Brazil and other Latin American countries, and West Africa need the most fertilizer. To understand this need for fertilizers further, we examined where the United States is exporting to currently. This graph depicts the countries that the United States exports fertilizer to by metric tons. Figure 10: U.S. Fertilizer Exports by Metric Ton Retrieved From: Datamyne. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://www.datamyne.com/ We looked at the United States exports of Chapter 31, the fertilizer chapter, using the Datamyne database. One important fact that we wanted to highlight is that while the United States currently exports fertilizer to China, Mexico, and the Ivory Coast, countries such as Brazil and regions such as West Africa do not receive a great deal of fertilizer from the U.S.[footnoteRef:35]. Unfortunately, due to our restricted access to Datamyne, we were only able to find information on the United States imports and exports. As a result, we were not able to find any information on any other countries imports and exports of fertilizer. [35: Datamyne. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://www.datamyne.com/ ] Latin America Based on the high production of corn, cotton and bananas in Latin America, we view it as an opportunity to enter the agricultural chemicals industry. The expansion in the building of railroads in Latin America right now is being funded by outside Chinese investment[footnoteRef:36]. One project seeks
  • 52. to link ports in Brazil to ports in Peru so that cargo can move more easily between the two2122. There has also been a shift in ports to places like Callao Panama due to this port lowering its costs to ship large shipments, thus making it more competitive[footnoteRef:37]. Brazil presents opportunities as the country relies heavily on imported fertilizer and, in 2015, used nearly 30.2 million metric tons of it[footnoteRef:38]. However, Brazil is also heavily reliant on trucking, which is something that needs to be accounted for in that country[footnoteRef:39]. [36: Tegel, S. (2017). Latin America's Delicate Dance With China. U.S. News - The Report, c20-c21. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=125669731&site=ehost- live ] [37: BRUNS, A. (2017). Ports Are in a Storm, but Central America will help the region find smoother water in 2017. Site Selection, 62(1), 45-47. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=120681213&site=ehost- live ] [38: Simões, D. C., Caixeta-Filho, J. V., & Palekar, U. S. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=128757921&site=ehost- live ] [39: Ward, R. (2017). Brazil largely unscathed by customs strike, truck delays remain. Joc Online, 1. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=123540017&site=ehost- live ] This map of Latin America from 2016 depicts the most active
  • 53. ports and measures the ports activity in how many TEU, or Twenty-foot Equivalent Units, passed through each port in 2016. Figure 11: Latin American Port Activity by TEU in 2016 Retrieved From: BRUNS, A. (2017). Ports Are in a Storm, but Central America will help the region find smoother water in 2017. Site Selection, 62(1), 45-47. http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=120681213&site=ehost- live The number one port, Santos, is in Brazil, and had more than 3 million TEU’s pass through it in 201622. The port of Callao in Peru, as of 2016, is the sixth largest port in Latin America. However, due to the recent shift of shipping prices within this port, it can be expected to move up in rank as it becomes more competitive. In addition to examining the Latin American climate, we also examined Brazil due to its gap between its domestic production of fertilizer and its consumption and Brazil having the most active port in Latin America. This graph predicts the port capacity vs the demand for fertilizer imports into Brazil from 2014 to 2025. Figure 12: Port Capacity VS Demand for Fertilizer Imports in Brazil (2014-2025) Retrieved From: Simões, D. C., Caixeta-Filho, J. V., & Palekar, U. S. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=128757921&site=ehost-
  • 54. live As you can see there is capacity from 2014 (orange line) and is compared with the imports (gray line), and the port capacity (dash line). This graph predicts a steady rise in both demand for fertilizer and in the port capacity for Brazil, thus allowing port capacity to keep up with demand in the coming years24. This means that Brazil will not only need more fertilizer but will have the port capacity to accommodate this increase in imported fertilizer. Africa In addition to examining the business opportunities in Latin America, we also looked at those in Africa, and, more specifically, West Africa. In West Africa there is a significant need for fertilizer as the crop yields here are very low by international standards[footnoteRef:40]. This has led the region to a dependence on imported food 25. West Africa also has inadequate access to domestic fertilizer and as a result, is heavily dependent on imported fertilizer25. This provides an opportunity for a third-party importer to potentially export to West Africa to meet the demand for imported fertilizer. Infrastructure around ports has been increasing in the region as with new construction projects on ports to greatly improve infrastructure. For instance, there is currently a $1.5 billion infrastructure project currently being carried out in Tema Port in Ghana, which seeks to triple capacity by the end of 201925. There is also an opportunity to provide financing as more international companies are investing via financing in West Africa25. West Africa’s need for financing presents International Forest Products with a way to enter into the agricultural chemicals industry and the West African market. However, itis important to note that there is a significant lack of transportation infrastructure of any kind in the region which could create challenges with shipping products. This graph shows the increase in harvested land area by country in West
  • 55. Africa from 1970 to a projected 2022. [40: Mulholland, S. (2017, JULY 07). CRU. Retrieved from CRU INTERNATIONAL LTD: https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/] Figure 13: West Africa Harvested Land Area from 1970 to 2022 Retrieved From: Mulholland, S. (2017, JULY 07). CRU. Retrieved from CRU INTERNATIONAL LTD: https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/ From 1970 all the way up to a projected 2022, there is a significant increase in harvesting area for every country. The most dramatic growth can be seen in Nigeria, which has the highest increase in harvesting area25. Nigeria could provide significant opportunity to ship fertilizer and agricultural chemicals to as the predicted rise in last will ultimately lead to an increase in crops and the need for fertilizer. Conclusion Based on our research, we have concluded that there are three choices for International Forest Products to enter the agricultural chemicals and fertilizers industry. We organized our three conclusions into a risk matrix with probability of risk on the vertical axis and impact of risk on International Forest Products on the horizontal axis as depicted by Figure 14. Figure 14: Recommendation Risk Matrix Each conclusion is categorized by the probability and the
  • 56. impact on a low, medium, high scale. Our first conclusion is high risk probability, high risk impact and it is to match buyers to suppliers in West Africa and Brazil. International Forest Products can use their already successful model of matching buyers and suppliers of paper products and apply that same model to agricultural chemicals and fertilizers. We believe that IFP can utilize its current relationships with Dole and Chiquita to connect them with suppliers of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals for their banana crops in Brazil. We also believe that it can connect with other smaller producers of cotton and corn in Brazil and utilize the dependence on imported fertilizer in Brazil. Additionally, IFP can connect with smaller producers in West Africa, particularly Nigeria, as there is a dependence on imported fertilizer there as well. We categorized this course of action as having a high probability of risk and a high-risk impact because it involves a significant financial and time investment for International Forest Products that could potentially lead to failure. Our second conclusion is medium risk probability, medium risk impact and it is for International Forest Products to finance smaller players in the market. International Forest Products already finances paper products companies, and, in our meetings, we were told that IFP would be interested in financing smaller companies in the agricultural chemicals industry. We believe that ICL is an ideal company for International Forest Products to finance to enter the agricultural chemicals industry. ICL is one of the smaller players in the agricultural chemicals industry and is an international company. With the recent merger between Agrium and Potash into Nutrien, smaller companies are going feel the pressure from the merger and feel the need to stay competitive to compete with Nutrien. International Forest Products can offer financial backing to smaller players like ICL, and give them the advantage that they need to stay in the market. Through this financing, International Forest Products can enter the industry with less of an overall risk to themselves and develop a
  • 57. relationship with an international company such as ICL. We categorized this course of action as being both medium risk probability and medium risk impact because financing poses less of a financial burden on International Forest Products and allows the company to enter into the market with a company that already has a place in the agricultural chemicals industry. International Forest Products will have less of a risk to themselves and have less of a risk of failure through financing a smaller company. Our third conclusion is low risk probability and low risk impact and that is to not enter the agricultural chemicals industry at this time. Based on our research into the agricultural chemicals industry, we found that the industry is extremely difficult to enter due to three major barriers to entry. The first barrier to entry is that there a high level of expertise needed in agricultural chemicals. Agricultural chemicals are complex and companies that produce them are usually solely dedicated to the product on these chemicals. International Forest Products does not have this level of expertise in the production and creation of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, therefore it is more difficult to enter the industry with this significant lack of knowledge. The second barrier to entry is the financial resources needed to enter the agricultural chemicals industry is too high for International Forest Products. Agricultural chemicals cost a great deal to produce and transport as many chemicals require delicate handling because of their explosive nature during production and transport. These costs and the risk of accidents are extremely high. Therefore, it would be too costly for International Forest Products to enter the agricultural chemicals industry. The third barrier to entry is that the industry is already dominated by large companies and those smaller companies that have merged, leaving little room for entry from what would be essentially a third party. The industry has begun to shrink with the introduction of Nutrien. Also, companies such as Nutrien are involved with almost every aspect of the value chain leaving little room for a company such
  • 58. as International Forest Products to enter the transportation and logistics parts of the value chain. Recommendations Our objective of our research was to address and answer the question of is there an opportunity in the agricultural chemicals industry for International Forest Products. Our client meetings with IFC, in combination with our extensive research on the agricultural chemicals industry gave us insight into creating recommendations that International Forest Products can act on. Based on our research, we concluded that there is some opportunity in the agricultural chemicals market for International Forest Products. However, we recommend that International Forest Products should not enter the agricultural chemicals industry because the benefits do not outweigh the costs it would take to enter the industry. Bibliography (n.d.). Agrium. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 AGRIUM Annual Report FINAL.pdf BRUNS, A. (2017). Ports Are in a Storm, but Central America will help the region find smoother water in 2017. From http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=120681213&site=ehost- live CF Industries. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://www.snl.com/Cache/1001234503.PDF?O=PDF&T=&Y= &D=&FID=1001234503&iid=4533245 Chemicals Industry Surveys. (2017). From https://www.capitaliq.com/CIQDotNet/Research/DocumentView er.aspx?documentViewerDocumentId=37881073#
  • 59. Datamyne. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://www.datamyne.com/ Dun and Bradstreet. (2018). Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing. Retrieved February 19, 2018 from http://www.mergentintellect.com/index.php/search/firstResearch Report/CHMA/Agriculturalchemical20180219.pdf (2018). Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Retrieved March 29, 2018 from https://hts.usitc.gov/current International Forest Products. (2016). International Forest Products General Business Overview. Retrieved 2018 from file:///C:/Users/Mia/Downloads/IFP General Presentation (2).pdf Israel Chemicals. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://iclgroupv2.s3.amazonaws.com/corporate/wp- content/uploads/sites/1004/2018/03/ICL-2017-Annual-Report- 20-F.pdf Jones, A. (2017). Who Are the Biggest Players in the Fertilizer Industry? Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://marketrealist.com/2017/01/industry-overview-biggest- players-fertilizer-industry Keshrinandan Enterprise. (2016). World Corn Production 2015/2016. From https://www.keshrinandan.com/corn/world- corn-production-20152016/ Loria, K. (2017). GMO market growing at 3.2% CAGR. From https://www.fooddive.com/news/gmo-market-growing-at-32- cagr/436711/ Mergent. (2017). First Research. From
  • 60. http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=161 Mergent. (2018). Paper & Paper Products Manufacturing. Retrieved March 12, 2018 from http://mergent.firstresearch- learn.com/industry.aspx?chapter=0&pid=145 Mosheim, R. (2018). United States Department of Agriculture. From https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/fertilizer-use-and- price.aspx Mulholland, S. (2017). CRU. From https://www.crugroup.com/knowledge-and- insights/spotlights/is-2017-a-turning-point-for-west-african- fertilizer-demand/ (2018). Organic Food and Beverage Market Growth Projected at 14 Percent Before 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from http://www.organicauthority.com/organic-food-and-beverage- market-growth-projected-at-14-percent-before-2021/ Potash Corp. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://www.nutrien.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2018- 02/2017 PotashCorp Annual Report.pdf Simões, D. C.-F. (2018). Fertilizer distribution flows and logistic costs in Brazil: changes and benefits arising from investments in port terminals. International Food & Agribusiness Management Review, 21(3), 407-422. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2017.0037 Tegel, S. (2017). Latin America's Delicate Dance With China. U.S. News - The Report, c20-c21. From http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=125669731&site=ehost- live
  • 61. The Mosaic Company. (2017). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. Retrieved April 5, 2018 from http://investors.mosaicco.com/Cache/c38082405.html U.S. International Trade Commission. (n.d.). Harmonized Tariff Schedule Search. Retrieved April 11, 2018 from https://hts.usitc.gov/ USDA. (2018). From https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/ogamaps/map.aspx?cmdty=Cotton&attr ibute=Production Ward, R. (2017). Brazil largely unscathed by customs strike, truck delays remain. Joc Online, 1. From http://ezproxysuf.flo.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=123540017&site=ehost- live World Atlas. (2017). Top Banana Producing Countries In The World. From https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-banana- producing-countries-in-the-world.html Appendix A Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2018) Revision 2 (Posted March 29, 2018) Heading/ Subheading Stat. Suffix Article Description Unit Rates of Duty
  • 62. of Quantity General Special 2 3101.00.00 00 Animal or vegetable fertilizers, whether or not mixed together or chemically treated; fertilizers produced by the mixing or chemical treatment of animal or vegetable products T Free Free 3102 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous: 3102.10.00 Urea, whether or not in aqueous solution. . Free Free 10 Solid urea Other: T
  • 63. 30 Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) of a kind meeting ISO 22241 T 50 Other: T 3103 3103.11.00 3103.19.00 3103.90.01 3104 3104.20.00 3104.30.00 3105 3105.20.00
  • 64. 00 00 00 00 00 00 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, phosphatic: Superphosphates: Containing by weight 35 percent or more of diphosphorous pentaoxide (P2O5). Other Other Mineral or chemical fertilizers, potassic: Potassium chloride Potassium sulfate Mineral or chemical fertilizers containing two or three of the fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; other fertilizers; goods of this chapter in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not exceeding 10 kg: Mineral or chemical fertilizers containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
  • 66. Free Free Free Free Free Free Appendix B List of Tables and Figures Figure 1: Paper and Pulp Manufacturing Industry Annual Growth Rate3 Figure 2: Chemical Industry Sectors4 Figure 3: Agricultural Chemicals Manufacturing Industry Growth Rate4
  • 67. Figure 4: Fertilizer Price Index6 Figure 5: Chemical Industry Analysis Companies by Total NPK Capacity8 Figure 6: Major Industry Players9 Figure 7: Agricultural Chemicals Value Chain11 Figure 8: Potash and Phosphate Rock Reserves Map12 Figure 9: World Map of Population Concentration, Corn, Cotton, and Banana Production13 Figure 10: U.S. Fertilizer Exports by Metric Ton14 Figure 11: Latin American Port Activity by TEU in 201616 Figure 12: Port Capacity VS Demand for Fertilizer Imports in Brazil (2014-2025)17 Figure 13: West Africa Harvested Land Area from 1970 to 202218 Figure 14: Recommendation Risk Matrix19 Business Opportunities for Sample Company A within Boston’s Large Pharma Market Executive Summary Jodi's PC INTRODUCTION Project Overview Our project explored the business opportunities for Sample Company A within Boston’s large pharma market. Our goal was to understand the benefits potential clients gain from using your
  • 68. services and why a client would choose you over another vendor. By conducting primary and secondary research, we were able to understand your target market’s main business objectives, such as reducing costs and speeding up the drug discovery pipeline, which serve as major areas of opportunity for you. Additionally, we were able to identify the services offered by your competitors which allowed us to conduct a competitive analysis. This report provides insights into the large pharma industry nationally and locally, recent outsourcing trends, business opportunities for you, and recommendations on how to enter the market as a compound management (CM) partner of choice. Research Process To gain a deeper understanding of the large pharma industry, we approached our project as if we were a potential client. We determined the definition of a “large pharma company” to be a company with annual revenues over $20B. We wanted to know what the industry looks like nationally and locally with a specific focus on various trends occurring within the market. We found over fifty articles specific to the large pharma industry, with data relating to compound management, drug development, and outsourcing. This approach led us to look into various competitors, as if we were a potential client looking for a CM partner, in order to determine the services provided by your competition. This secondary research, combined with two primary interviews, allowed us to shape our recommendations that provide the framework for your continued growth within Boston’s large pharma market. Industry Analysis Pharma Industry According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, the U.S. pharma industry is the largest in the world and it continues to experience steady growth. As noted in figure 1, in 2011 U.S. pharma sales are estimated to be $396B. As a whole, the pharma
  • 69. industry is a free market, where government agencies cannot negotiate with drug suppliers for lower prices. As a result, consumers in the U.S. pay more for prescription drugs than in any other country. However, as patents expire large pharma companies are losing profits on their blockbuster drugs due to the entry of generic drugs, which makes up 80% of drug sales based on volume. Similarly, due to recent trends in innovative pricing arrangements for biopharmaceuticals and tiered drug pricing, insurers are trending towards cutting costs for prescription drugs.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Economist Business Intelligence Unit, 2012] Figure 1: U.S. Pharmaceutical Sales: 2006 - 2015 Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2012 Outsourcing Trends To stay competitive within the industry, large pharma companies are looking to increase their profit margins through outsourcing. In 2005, the total pharmaceutical outsourcing market was estimated at $33B and was expected to grow to $48B. Outsourcing can reduce overall costs by 30% - 50% and increase the pace of drug discovery processes.[footnoteRef:2] A survey conducted by Pharmaceutical Outsourcing showed that large pharma companies have increased the number of contract research and manufacturing organizations (CROs and CMOs) that they outsource to. These companies are outsourcing to vendors with the goal of reducing overall costs in three main areas: manufacturing; process development; and research and development.[footnoteRef:3] A significant portion of this outsourcing is sent to China and India; however, there is data to suggest that companies are looking to move these processes back to the U.S. as wages increase in foreign countries and
  • 70. regulations become more stringent. [2: Chaturvedi, 2005] [3: Langer, 2012] Boston Market There are over 240 biotech and pharma companies that have operations in Massachusetts. As noted in table 1, large pharma companies have a major presence in the state which has a significant on the Massachusetts economy:[footnoteRef:4] [4: Contract Pharma, 2012] Table 1: Top Pharmaceutical Companies Company Name 2011 Revenue Pfizer $57.7B Novartis $47.9B Sanofi $42.7B Merck $41.2B GlaxoSmithKline $35.5B Astra Zeneca $32.9B Johnson & Johnson $24.3B Abbott $22.4B Source: Contract Pharma, July/August 2012 In an industry analysis of Boston’s large pharma market, MBC reports that the market has experienced trends toward innovation and cost reduction efforts, such as: · Increased partnerships and merger and acquisition (M&A)
  • 71. deals to diversify product portfolios due to weak drug pipelines and expiring patents; · Convergence of drugs, diagnostics, and medical devices to drive development; · Focus on flexibility and cost reduction within operating models; and, · Development of strategic partnerships to increase value to the organization and consumers. [footnoteRef:5] [5: Massachusetts Biotechnology Council, 2009] Business Opportunities We found the main business objectives of your potential clients to be cost reduction and improving operational efficiencies. A survey released by MBC in 2009 reported that large pharma companies are looking for new models that improve their operating cost structures and margins; outsourcing opportunities to reduce costs in research and development; and, streamlined processes to expand manufacturing and R&D functions within the state. [footnoteRef:6] Additionally, the results of an industry-wide survey conducted by Pharma IQ of 4,000 compound management specialists shows that there are three primary concerns within their department: the quality of samples; management of sample data; and the need to construct new libraries to support research requirements. [6: Massachusetts Biotechnology Council, 2009] Figure 2: Client Compound Management Needs Source: Pharma IQ, May 2012 The survey revealed that quality perseverance, safeguarding sample quality, and introducing an effective identification and tracking system are key priorities for compound managers and
  • 72. their departments.[footnoteRef:7] [7: Pharma IQ, 2012] The largest area of opportunity for you within the large pharma market is during the M&A transition phase. Large pharma companies have the human and financial capital available for in-house sample management and procurement. However, large pharma companies will continue to acquire biotech companies with rich pipeline potential for product diversification and innovation. To avoid internal conflict and disruption of workflows, large pharma companies look for CM partners, such as yourself, that are neutral parties during the transition.[footnoteRef:8] As companies continue to expand operations domestically and internationally, there is also a need to keep some compounds close to new satellite locations. [8: Wigglesworth & Wood, 2012] From the client perspective, there are a few conditions that will make outsourcing CM successful for an organization. First and foremost, it must provide cost savings for the client. Additionally, it must increase their operational efficiency and optimize their resource allocation which enables the client to work on other projects. Lastly, relationships with partners like yourself must be built on quality; customer service; scientific knowledge; reputation; and, cost effectiveness. According to Pharmaceutical Outsourcing, there are five key competencies clients require from their CM partners: [footnoteRef:9] [9: Boucharens, 2010] · Privacy protection for samples · Robust chain of custody procedures for samples · Appropriate conditions for sample storage and disposal · Procedures to comply with regulations · Sample coding Competitive Analysis We found over 25 companies that provide compound
  • 73. management services to the pharmaceutical industry. To conduct a competitive analysis, we identified four major competitors that provide service offerings similar to yours. Table 2 provides a snapshot of your competition with their annual sales revenue and services provided, as stated on their websites. Table 2: Competitor Snapshot Company 2011 Sales Company Snapshot Frontier Scientific Logan, UT $7.1M FSI has a reputation for high purity and fast delivery. FSI has a R&D department focusing on new generation compounds and custom synthesis. They can provide customers with unique compounds that are not available on a commercial basis anywhere else. FSI provides contract research services and compounds at competitive rates.[footnoteRef:10] [10: Frontier Scientific, Inc., 2012] Enzo Life Sciences Farmingdale, NY $4.4M Enzo Life Sciences identifies, synthesizes and commercializes known bioactives. They have a catalog of over 3,000 stand- alone small molecules and a unique collection of small molecules including inhibitors, activators, and inducers which can be ordered individually and in any volume. The library collections are supplied with complete documentation for integration into a client’s compound database. In addition, they offer a custom library solution for hard-to-source compounds. Enzo boasts having stringent quality control with state-of-the- art technology.[footnoteRef:11] [11: Enzo Life Sciences, 2012]
  • 74. AsisChem, Inc. Watertown, MA $1.1M AsisChem maintains an extensive catalog of building blocks and screening compounds which can be supplied within weeks. They work on custom synthesis and design libraries for screening. They have a small molecule collection designed as a universal screening library, which is used for primary screening against a wide range of biological targets, including those where no structural information is available providing their customers with diverse and novel drug-like small molecules. AsisChem serves the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the area of new drug research and discovery. 55% of AsisChem's current customers are pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. They are also a preferred partner for dozens of universities and non-profit institutes.[footnoteRef:12] [12: AsisChem, Inc., 2012] Hamilton Storage Hopkington, MA Privately held; no sales data Hamilton is a leader in the design and manufacture of liquid handling, process analytics, robotic workstations and automated storage solutions which is ISO 9001 certifed. They are introducing the next generation of ultra-low temperature biological sample storage systems, which protects samples from warming events, ensuring maximum sample quality is maintained.[footnoteRef:13] [13: Hamilton Storage, 2012]
  • 75. To conduct a competitive analysis, we compared your services offerings against your competitors to those potential clients in the Boston area would look for in a CM partner: · Customer Service · Privacy protection for samples; quality and assurance controls · Appropriate conditions for sample storage · Online inventory management and sample coding · Proximity to Greater Boston / Kendall Square We found that an area of opportunity for you lies in differentiating your service offerings from your competitors. As seen in figure 3, there is a lot of overlap in service offerings between you and your competitors. In order to gain market share in this area, you will need to set yourself apart from your competitors. Figure 3: Sample Company A Competitive Analysis Recommendations To enter Boston’s large pharma market as a preferred partner for CM services, we recommend that you focus on differentiating your service offerings from your competitors. This can be done through your online and print collateral. Additionally, building relationships with decision makers within large pharma companies will be beneficial as you will be able to further understand what their business objectives are and provide innovative solutions to them. Trust is an important factor in the CM industry and building business relationships at every level of the organization is critical. By developing these relationships, you will gain inside information regarding hot biotech companies that are likely to be acquired by large pharma companies. This will give you an edge against your competitors. Lastly, you can build visibility and network with potential clients by attending and speaking at conferences such as the Compound Management & Integrity Summit. Based on our findings, we believe that implementing the
  • 76. recommendations outlined above will leverage your core business competencies and enable you to enter Boston’s large pharma market as a CM partner offering unique and high- quality services to clients. Bibliography AsisChem, Inc. (2012). Screening Compounds. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from AsisChem, Inc.: http://www.asischem.com/screeninglib.aspx Boucharens, P. S. (2010, November 1). Outsourcing Compound Inventory Trend or Real Benefits? Retrieved November 8, 2012, from Pharmaceutical Outsourcing: http://www.pharmoutsourcing.com/Featured-Articles/37498- Outsourcing-Compound-Inventory-Trend-or-Real-Benefits/ Chaturvedi, S. (2005). Outsourcing in Pharmaceutical Industry. New York, NY, United States of America. Retrieved November 26, 2012, from http://www.bionity.com/en/whitepapers/49803/outsourcing-in- pharmaceutical-industry.html Contract Pharma. (2012, July/August). Top 20 Pharma Report. (G. Roth, Editor) Retrieved October 8, 2012, from Contract Pharma: http://www.contractpharma.com/issues/2012- 07/view_features/top-20-pharma-report/ Enzo Life Sciences. (2012). Compound Libraries. Retrieved December 5, 2012, from Enzo Life Sciences: http://www.enzolifesciences.com/welcome/compound-libraries/ Frontier Scientific, Inc. (2012). About FSI. Retrieved December 5, 2012, from http://www.frontiersci.com/about.html Hamilton Storage. (2012). About Hamilton Storage Technologies. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Hamilton Storage: http://www.hamilton-storage.com/topnav/about-us/ Langer, E. (2012, September 17). Biopharmaceutical Industry Outsourcing Trends: China and India Continuing Full-court Press. Pharmaceutical Outsourcing, 13. Rockville, MD, USA. Retrieved November 26, 2012, from http://www.pharmoutsourcing.com/Featured-Articles/121110-
  • 77. Biopharmaceutical-Industry-Outsourcing-Trends-China-and- India-Continuing-Full-court-Press/ Massachusetts Biotechnology Council. (2009, April). Strategic Outlook for 2015 and Strategic Plan. Retrieved November 19, 2012, from Massachusetts Biotechnology Council: http://www.massbio.org/writable/files/2015_Report/full_2015_r eport_for_distribution.pdf Pharma IQ. (2012, May 21). Expanding Sample Libraries Tops the Wish List for Compound and Sample Managers. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from Pharma IQ: http://www.pharma- iq.com/pre-clinical-discovery-and- development/articles/expanding-sample-libraries-tops-the-wish- list-for/ The Economist Intelligence Unit. (2012, June 1). USA: Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals Report. New York, NY, USA. Retrieved Novembe 26, 2012, from http://www.eiu.com/index.asp?layout=ib3Article&article_id=18 69250771&country_id=1530000153&pubtypeid=1152462500&i ndustry_id=&category_id=775133077 Wigglesworth, M., & Wood, T. (2012). Management of Chemical and Biological Samples for Screening Applications. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from http://books.google.com/books?id=Hd6HRB4AWf8C&pg=PA26 5&dq=sample+library+pharma&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=on epage&q&f=false Report TitleHeader 1 This is your overview paragraph where you describe the main point and how the report is laid out. Header 2 Aas;ldkfjal;sjflakjlasjflajflajflajflajflasjflajflak;sjflk;ajflajsdflk ajflkajflkajflajflkajsflkajflkajsfljaslfkjalkfjalsfjalskjfaljflajflajfa
  • 78. lsjfalsjfalsjfalksjfalskfjalsjfalkjfakljflaksjflasjfal;jflasdjflak;sjfl ;akdjf 1. subheader: a;lskfjal;sdkfjas lfjaslkjfalskfjalsjfalsjfalskjflas flasjflaksjflaksjflaksjflaksjfla;ksjflkasjfl;asjflkasjflkasjfklasjdfl k;thialkjsdf;lkasdfj;laksjdfl;ajfljaslfjaslfjalfjasl;kdjfasd;lfkjal;sf jaljflajflajflajflasjflasjdflasjflasjflasjfl;kaj 2. sub header 2 : This was discussed extensively and wlkjslklkjlkjlkjlkjlsdflkjdlkjlkjasldkjflaksdjflaskjflskdjflskjflksj flaksjf;qpwoeiurqopwieuropqiuroqpwieuroqieuropqiuropqiruiu pqoiuopiuopqiwueropiuopiu upoiupoiuopiquweopruiqowruqwopiruowipruopiuoiuasy to follow. This could include · bullet 1 · Bullet 2 · Bullet 3 · Bullet 4 · Bullet 5 3. subheader 3: : Determine which of the brainstormed to resolve them. Header 3 Asdf;kljas;dlkjfl;kajsl;djf;ljk End of document. Your Group Name and/or Suffolk University
  • 79. Report Date Final Report Check List Please ensure that your final Report includes: Description Completed · Footer including page number · Footer including Final Business Report to Client Name · Endnotes for all research including primary. All interviews should include name/date/time/title · Do you have a strong and compelling introduction and conclusion? · Powerpoint as one of the appendices · All useful data as appendices 1. List your team objective/overall question In my team, Our have to consider Laura‘s requirements from law and politics. After our meeting, we wanted to use AR as a key solution. Now, we need to do our researches from 5 parts( Market description, Competition, Potential consumers, The market of AR, and Pricepoint.) 2. List your specific tasks assigned for this deliverable My specific task is looking for our potential consumers for AR.
  • 80. The following points are what I am looking for. 3. Secondary Research Notes Category Suffolk Database Date 4/4/2019 Key points 1. An evaluation of the pedagogical value of a research project involving 23 colleges and universities across the country. 2. The goal of the American Democracy Project is to produce college and university graduates who are equipped with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and experiences they need to be informed, engaged members of their communities. Summary: 1. In this report, Students expressed interest in participating in similar research in the future and would advise other students to do so and expressed interest in learning more about the themes of their experience centers. This is our potential consumers, not only law school students. More and more democracy class will occur. 2. No only democratic classes in the college, the universities, and colleges also cooperated with each other and create different projects. That will increase our potential markets. Citation in APA format including the url:
  • 81. 1. Mann, C. B., Alberda, G. A., Birkhead, N. A., Ouyang, Y., Singer, C., Stewart, C., . . . Wronski, J. (2018, May 16). Pedagogical Value of Polling-Place Observation by Students. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps- political-science-and-politics/article/pedagogical-value-of- pollingplace-observation-by- students/99A4823B2FE884356615DC578B80EB65/core-reader https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science- and-politics/article/pedagogical-value-of-pollingplace- observation-by- students/99A4823B2FE884356615DC578B80EB65/core-reader 2. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aascu.org/programs/ADP/ http://www.aascu.org/programs/ADP/ Category Google Date 4/4/2019 Key points 1. They formed a campus chapter of the nonpartisan national student organization, the Democracy Matters (DM) Institute to deepen democracy and promote civic engagement. 2. Our goal is to establish an expectation that every student will engage in courses, programs and activities aimed at preparing them for effective participation in democracy. 3. Suffolk University’s faculty, students, and alumni are researching and reshaping the political landscape in Massachusetts and around the world.
  • 82. Summary: How do the points help you? 1. 1. Our AR not only can sell to students, but also the organizations in the colleges. 2. 2. More than 10 years after our studies and others demonstrated the value of experiential learning for political engagement, there is little evidence that most higher education institutions and individual faculty members have integrated education for democracy into their programs and courses. For this article, it showed that there is a huge potential market to expand from common students. 3. That’s a great example for organizations. Many colleges have similar organizations and we can cooperate with them. Citation in APA format including the url: 1. Review, P. (2014, December 29). Democracy Matters at Colgate University. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/publications- research/periodicals/democracy-matters-colgate-university https://www.aacu.org/publications- research/periodicals/democracy-matters-colgate-university 2. Inside Higher Ed. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion 3. https://www.suffolk.edu/about/directory/public-policy- practice-hub/democracy-and-government Democracy & Government. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.suffolk.edu/about/directory/public-policy-practice-
  • 83. hub/democracy-and-government Secondary Research Notes Category Google Date 4/4/2019 Key points 4. Curriculum and Requirements in the department of government( Georgetown University) 5. “CONSTITUTIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY HONORS COLLEGE COURSE SERIES”, that is a introduction of this course and aim. 6. Get an introduction to democracy with online courses from MIT, Harvard, and other major universities and institutions worldwide. 7. Role of Schools in a Democratic Society: the committee offers a powerful description of the habits and behaviors integral to democratic citizenship. This description can serve to guide efforts to center democratic goals for public education and to reform curriculum, pedagogy, and the organization of schooling. Summary: 4. There is an M.A. program in democracy and governance. Except for organizations in university and cooperated
  • 84. institution, the special classes of democracy also are in common colleges. 5. That’s another example for many well-known universities have begun to attach importance to democratic education and set up special courses. 6. Now more and more online courses appear in universities, and our AR products can help students understand because they don’t have a teacher’s explanation. 7. From this article, Nowadays, society is paying more and more attention to democratic education, and this will reform or increase related courses. In the future, this is also a big potential market for us. Citation in APA format including the url: 4.Curriculum and Requirements. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://government.georgetown.edu/democracy-and- governance/course-offerings https://government.georgetown.edu/democracy-and- governance/course-offerings 5. Constitutionalism and Democracy Honors College Course Series. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://democracy.missouri.edu/programs/undergraduate- programs/honors-collegefig/ https://democracy.missouri.edu/programs/undergraduate- programs/honors-collegefig/ 6. Democracy. (2018, February 14). Retrieved from https://www.edx.org/learn/democracy https://www.edx.org/learn/democracy 7. Hytten, K. (2018, September 18). Democracy and Education in the United States. Retrieved from http://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/97801902 64093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-2 http://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/97801902
  • 85. 64093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-2 Category Google Date 4/4/2019 Key points Summary: How do the points help you? More than 10 years after our studies and others demonstrated the value of experiential learning for political engagement, there is little evidence that most higher education institutions and individual faculty members have integrated education for democracy into their programs and courses. Citation in APA format including the url: Inside Higher Ed. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/07/23/colleges- must-do-more-teach-students-about-voting-and-democracy- opinion 4. Primary Research Notes Category Interview (Chaofan Li and Tong Zhang) Date 4/4/2019
  • 86. Who you spoke with including their title Herbert N. Ramy Professor of Academic Support Director, Academic Support Program Where Suffolk Law School 120 Tremont Street Key points 1. He was glad using technical tools to help him to teach the class. 2. He just gave 5 points to the video game to willingness.(1-10) 3. He never uses simulation to teach students and he has used practical cases to help. 4. He didn’t exclude teaching with video games, but the content must match the courses. 5. He thought that we can increase educational technology into undergraduate studies. Summary: How do the points help you? For all of the points, I can be sure that the professor accepts the use of educational tools for teaching, but it is not very interesting, and there are also unique ideas for the content of video games. In my opinion, if we educate democracy in the
  • 87. form of video games, our audience may be particularly small. For that, we gave up the video game instead of AR. Citation in APA format including the url: 4. List the areas that you will not cover. This will be used in case the client asks a question in this area. If the basic class in university teach democracy? If we have to focus on which colleges have related organizations and curriculum for now? For our research, we got a report of which name is the
  • 88. pedagogical value of polling-place observation by students. In this report, 257 students are all college students from 23 colleges and universities across the country. The professors and public officials cooperate to work for the Election Day experience. For the result, the students expressed interest in more learning and research about the topics central to their experience. At the same time, students found their experiences to be valuable and reported learning generally and specifically related to course material. 75% of participants considered the time they spent on the project to be very (24%) or somewhat (51%) valuable. Deliverable: Final Business Report Objective: To provide the client with the details of the analysis and presentation in formal business report format. Format: format business report format. Spelling and grammar count. Write in prose with bullets and charts to organize the data easily. Use charts from your presentation. Support all your points with your research. Avoid using superlatives like “great” or “large” or “growing.” Instead use specifics like numbers or expert opinions to support your point. Include · All points from your presentation. The report needs to be comprehensive of all information from the presentation · Additional information that you did not use in your presentation can be included as an appendix · Sources that were referenced · Headers to outline the different sections · Clear and smooth transitions between paragraphs · Concisely and professionally written Overview of Report Structure Cover Page Include an informative title that indicates the focus and nature
  • 89. of the report Include the date and the author's name, title, and organizational affiliation Indicate for whom the report was written Executive Summary Summarize the report in such a way that it could stand on its own and would make sense to a managerial, public, or non- technical audience Stay within two to three paragraphs Briefly explain the focus, context, and research method or main headings of the report Incorporate the key conclusions Table of Contents List all first- and second-level section headings Reproduce the headings and numbering exactly from the body of the report Include the full titles of all appendices List of Figures/ List of Tables List all figures and tables (under separate headings) with page number for each Reproduce exactly the numbering and full titles of each figure and table Introduction Introduce the report and briefly explain the focus and context for the report Provide sufficient background for general readers Refrain from presenting conclusions and recommendations Possible sections that can be included as part of the introduction are Objective of the Study, Scope, Background Required section is research overview where you discuss your primary and secondary research approach (not the details just your approach)
  • 90. Body Research methods – Describes how the research was carried out Present, interpret, and discuss your findings Include properly formatted citations. Use foot or endnotes. The sections should correspond with directly with your presentation structure and flow Figures and Tables Numbered in separate series (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1, Table 3, Figure 2) Informatively titled (e.g., Table 1: Annual precipitation in Calgary, 1980 - 1990) Properly formatted, with the title for tables above and that for figures below Accompanied by legends or footnotes to explain abbreviations or provide information Interpret the information presented. It is essential for you to introduce the figure/table, display it, then discuss what it suggests. Referred to and discussed in the body of the report Accompanied by a source citation, if the information was borrowed or adapted Use figures/graphs from your presentation that are substantive Large figures can be referenced as appendices Include all primary research (raw data and all findings) in the appendix. Be comprehensive. Conclusions Show the most important findings Refrain from introducing new information Show that the report’s objectives have been met Recommendations Suggest actions that can be taken or considered in light of the report conclusions
  • 91. References Follow standard APA format. Be comprehensive. Include everything you used. This list should be substantial and more than 15 sources at least. (e.g. APA, MLA) List all sources cited in the report Appendices Include other information that would be of interest to the readers on the topic pertaining to the report Pay attention to the audiences. Who will be reading the report? Avoid wordiness. Be concise and straightforward. Use active voice Note for grammatical errors (e.g. parallelism, run-on sentences, verb tenses, spelling, punctuation, etc.) Transition and flow