The Marijuana Policy Project And Republican Texas State...
1. The Marijuana Policy Project And Republican Texas State...
Since the paper has secured the historical backdrop of the issues and contentions about legitimizing
marijuana, it will go more into insight about the issues and contentions by first outlining the persons
supporting legalization. The general stakeholders include most recreational users, some police state
officers and some farmers. The specific stake holders include the Drug policy Alliance, The
Marijuana Policy Project and Republican Texas state representative David Simpson. These
organizations and representatives aim to promote values, like liberty, health, and economic
prosperity. The DPA is the country 's driving association advancing medication arrangements that
are grounded in science, sympathy, well being and human rights. DPA supporters are people who
accept the war on drugs is accomplishing more danger than great, like most recreational users. The
DPA works to guarantee that the country's medication arrangements stop detaining people ,
disappoint and generally hurt millions especially young teens and minorities who are excessively
influenced by the war on illicit drugs (About Drug Policy Alliance). The marijuana policy project is
an alliance and commitment to individuals who promote honesty, and advocate for terminally ill
patients to use marijuana. It aims to remove penalties for possession and open a legal market where
some farmers can cultivate and sell marijuana with professional help (Mission). The last stakeholder
on the proponents' side of legalizing
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2.
3. Should The Use Of Recreational Marijuana Should Be Legalized
Should the Use of Recreational Marijuana be Legalized Marijuana has been in America for hundreds
of years. Marijuana is illegal as of now, yet millions of people have used it and there have been no
overdose deaths. While alcohol is legal in the United States, 88,000 people die annually from the
consumption of alcohol ("Alcohol Facts and Statistics" 1). Many people have argued that marijuana
should be legal. In 2015, 53 percent of people thought marijuana should be legal ("Shifting Opinions
on Legalizing Marijuana" 2). Why should anything be illegal when the majority of people want it to
be legalized and nobody as of now has died from it? Marijuana is already legal for those with a
medical license in many states, so why not legalize it, tax it, and make money off of it for our
country. For these reasons and more, recreational marijuana should be legalized in the United states.
In the United States, there have been over 12 million marijuana arrests since 1995. That is one
person every 51 seconds being arrested for marijuana charges, 87 percent of the arrests are for
possession as opposed to manufacturing or distributing (Marijuana Policy Project 2). We as a
country are spending tons of tax dollars on incarcerated individuals who have been arrested for a
marijuana charge. 29 states have legalized marijuana in some way, including the District of
Columbia. Eight of those states have legalized it recreationally. Those states are more of a guinea
pig to see if these
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4.
5. Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization And Regulation
Models of Policy Formation "Legalizing and regulating marijuana could bring the nation's largest
cash crop under the rule of law; this could create jobs and economic opportunities in the formal
economy instead of the illegal market" (Marijuana Legalization and Regulation, 2014). For example
in Colorado after legalizing marijuana, first year sales rained in at $63 million in tax revenues with
an additional $13 million for licenses and fees. Marijuana is such a debatable topic and brings so
much confusion amongst society. While debating if it should be legalized there are different models
and methods used in the framework of the legislation in regards to this topic. Advocacy coalition is a
policymaking framework developed to deal with intense ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Current legalization efforts indirectly address safety issues; they create a framework for safety
control systems. This would work to eliminate some risks that come from smoking a substance
possibly laced with toxic ingredients. Gateway drug status–A lot of addiction treatment specialists
believe marijuana is a gateway drug with the potential to introduce users to more serious illegal
substances, such as cocaine or heroin. Research suggests that its use may be linked to a higher risk
of prescription drug
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6.
7. The Marijuana Legalization Movement
The marijuana legalization movement is one of the most controversial social movements of the
modern day. Efforts to reform marijuana policy have been organized since the mid 1900s. There are
two major organizations leading the battle for marijuana decriminalization. The National
Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) and the Marijuana Project Policy (MPP)
are both looking to reschedule and eventually legalize marijuana for the use of responsible adults.
These two organizations provide various strategies that, along with additional tactics from other
sources, have strongly influenced the position of the marijuana legalization social movement. The
mobilization of resources is strongly influenced by the two leading organizations ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many celebrities publically advocate for the legalization of marijuana. Artists like Snoop Dogg,
Justin Timberlake, John legend, and Madonna are just a few of the many in the music industry who
advocate for the legalization of marijuana (Schiff 2014). These artists help the movement by
maintaining a culture upon which the use of marijuana is "cool". This promotion of marijuana by
such celebrated people creates a sense of collective identity. "Historically, one of the most obvious
means through which group identity has been manifested and shared is through language generally,
and music specifically" (Danaher & Roscigno:26). Athletes like Michael Phelps, Allen Iverson, and
Randy Moss advocate for the use of marijuana. Politicians like former president Bill Clinton, current
president Barack Obama, and senator John McCain have all been very vocal about reforming the
current marijuana policy. All these public influences help influence cultural outcomes that promote
positive images surrounding marijuana. "Media coverage of SMOs is key to both substantiating
their claims to represent groups and developing important cultural outcomes" (Goodwin &
Jasper:312). Ultimately, public support of marijuana decriminalization from such important
characters creates communal support and strengthens NGO campaign support. "To assert the media's
influence requires specifying the structural and instrumental ways in which it can shape collective
action across a dispersed population. On the structure end, the introduction of new media may
provide opportunities not directly associate with collective action, but which alter the leverage
and/or autonomy of subgroups" (Danaher &
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8.
9. The Myths And Beliefs Of Marijuana Essay
Living in the 21st Century, a majority of the laws and regulations that guide our daily lives have
already been legitimized and written decades ago. Although a large portion of these laws still exist
today, there is always need to revise and rewrite laws. In this article I will talk about the myths and
beliefs of marijuana and compare them to reliable sources to form an opinion on whether or not
marijuana is a relatively safe drug for medical and recreational use along with the physical and
social effects to the user and their environment. Regard, this paper will not focus on any other
associated topics such as the price of prisons, annual marijuana dispensary revenue, drug trafficking
or law policy's. However many of the used articles compare and contrast the use of alcohol to
cannabis. In the article "Marijuana Use and Alcohol Use Are Dangerous for Society", Sven Olov
Carlsson writes a letter to president Barack Obama informing him on the dangers of marijuana and
alcohol use to societies. Carlsson is president of IOGT International, a politically independent
organization that advocates for a world free of alcohol and other drugs; he is the international
president of the World Federation Against Drugs. In his letter, Carlsson briefs marijuana as highly
dangerous for the users mental health and well–being along with their community. He believes the
thought of making cannabis regulated would lead to a disaster because alcohol is poorly regulated.
And the fact that
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10.
11. The History Of Legalization Of Cannabis In The US
The history of legalization of cannabis in the US, either for therapeutic or recreational ends, is the
history of a policy transformation within a prohibitionist regime. This historical path definitely has
imposed constraints and has shaped specific policy features for cannabis legalization. By the same
token, reveals the extent in which public policy cycles are highly embedded in political debates,
worldviews and perspectives upon rights and obligations structures of societies (Chang, 2002: 543).
The illegal status of cannabis was established at federal level through the Comprehensive Drug
Abuse Prevention and Control Act under Nixon´s Presidency in 1970 (Caulkins et al. 2012: 20).
Two years after, 1972, the National Commission on Marijuana
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12.
13. Should Medical Marijuana Be Legal?
"Do the benefits of using medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks?" Medical
Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable
topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn't be legal. Some say its
benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug.
There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for
medical marijuana, as well as long–term studies which suggest a number of risks involved with its
use. Even though Marijuana carries several side effects to its user, do the benefits of using
Marijuana for pain management outweigh the risks? The main questions I will be addressing in this
research essay are: 1. Is there any medical health benefits associated with medical marijuana? 2.
What medical conditions qualify for a medical marijuana license? 3. Is medical marijuana harmful?
It is well known how marijuana as a medical treatment dates back as far as five thousand years ago.
Different ancient civilizations have been found to use medical marijuana as a medical treatment
dating all the way back to 8000 B.C. The Chinese emperor Shen–Nung was a firm believer of the
plant, he was known to prescribe marijuana in tea as a treatment for various conditions like
rheumatism, and poor memory to many people (Bostwick 173). Other notable civilizations who
used the plant included the
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14.
15. Pros And Cons Of Drug Legalization
Pros and Cons of Drug Legalization With the onslaught of states slowly legalizing the
commercialization and use of marijuana after the passing of sanctioning initiatives led by Colorado
and Washington in 2012, societal attitudes have begun to support this movement in the
decriminalization of marijuana for personal use. Based on the 2014 midterms, momentum for this
change has been shown in different parts of the U.S., with states such as Oregon, Alaska, and
Washington D.C. joining this cause. It is safe to assume that several other states will soon follow
suit, with ballot initiatives set for 2016 in states such as: Massachusetts, California, Missouri,
Hawaii, Maine, Nevada, and Arizona (Becker, 2014). However, the long standing debate still stands,
is this change for the better? In a world with less restrictions on illegal drugs such as marijuana,
would the pros outweigh the cons? Although the answer may not be clear cut, considering the
arguments made by both the supporting side and the opposing side of marijuana legalization for
public consumption will help us create an opinion on what values should be taken priority on when
it comes to the consequences related to advocating this movement. Based on the arguments made
from the perspective of a supporter in marijuana legalization, complete legalization would bring an
end to illicit dealings on the streets, as there would be no reason for consumers to interact with
shady sellers when it's already offered commercially.
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16.
17. Marijuana Legalization In Maine: A Case Study
American Civil Liberties Union estimated $211 million was spent by local governments between
2000 and 2010 to enforce marijuana laws. An economist and a senior lecturer at Harvard University
found that $20 billion would be saved on law enforcement and generated from taxes should
marijuana use become legal. That number is not significant in terms of an overall government
budget, but arguably high costs for a drug with the comparably causes little harm (Sledge, 2013).
Revenue that can potentially be generated from marijuana taxes is estimated to be more than $28
billion for federal, state, and local governments. A federal tax similar to the one on tobacco could
generate up to $500 million per year and a 10% sales tax has the potential to bring ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The drug is currently recognized in a majority of the country as twenty–nine states have medical
marijuana laws in addition to eighteen states that have passed legislation acknowledging the health
benefits ("Medical Marijuana Overview", 2017). The growth of medical marijuana programs is a
contributing factor to national polls steadily revealing a 60%–89% support rating in favor of the
drug, and assisted the nation in overcoming the social stigma, specifically in the western states
(Campbell et al., 2015). 64% of those between the ages of eighteen and thirty–four support
marijuana legislation; and according to a 2014 national public radio poll, more than three–fourths of
Americans support medical marijuana use (Campbell et al., 2015). Furthermore, a 2013 report in the
New England Journal of Medicine disclosed that 76% of physicians surveyed would recommend
medical marijuana to their patient ("Medical Marijuana Overview",
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18.
19. Qualitative Research Limitations
Limitations and Delimitations There are both limitations and delimitations to this study, including
the researcher's positionality about the legalization of marijuana. Limitations are the shortcomings,
conditions or influences that cannot be controlled by the researcher that place restrictions on the
methodology and conclusions. Delimitations determine how this study was narrowed in scope.
Positionality describes the relationship between the researcher and his or her research topic.
Qualitative research requires that the researcher considers her own positionality and examine how
her own life experiences influence the ways in which participants are represented in the research
findings and interpreted in the research conclusions.
Limitations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the reality is that vulnerable populations have legal access to marijuana as a means of
treatment of several medical, and in some states, mental illnesses. Although, there is no conclusive
evidence that there is a casual link between marijuana use and the exacerbation of psychosis, several
studies have determined there is a strong correlation between the two. While, some professionals
and experts doubt this correlation, until such time that new studies can disprove this correlation,
caution is in order when considering marijuana treatment to individual from vulnerable populations,
especially those susceptible to psychosis. As it was found that there are no current state laws that
directly address vulnerable populations, there is a need for advocates and practitioners to examine
their own state medical marijuana laws to determine which might offer some protection to
vulnerable populations. In states with current medical marijuana policies if the regulations are vague
or too liberal, advocates and practitioners can insist on stricter tighter policies in order to protect
vulnerable populations. In the states that do not yet have medical marijuana policies, advocates,
practitioners, and individuals with mental illnesses concerned with the potential risks the use of
marijuana poses to those individuals susceptible to
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20.
21. Should Marijuana Be Legalized?
Matthew Hakimian Ms. Tunick English 10 January 2017 Legalizing Marijuana–Why it Should
Happen Now Marijuana is a very controversial topic in today's society for a lot of different reasons.
Much of the country is divided between whether or not the drug should be legalized, and as of today
only 8 states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana. There is great deal of evidence that
proves that legalizing marijuana would be a great move for the United States government such as
the numerous health benefits of marijuana, the relative safety of marijuana when compared to other
drugs, the immense amount of money the U.S economy could gain through the marijuana industry,
the potential billions saved in law ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A federal study conducted by the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine (IOM)
arrived at the conclusion that "Millions of Americans have tried marijuana, but most are not regular
users and few marijuana users become dependent on it.... Although some marijuana users develop
dependence, they appear to be less likely to do so than users of other drugs (including alcohol and
nicotine), and marijuana dependence appears to be less severe than dependence on other drugs."
Marijuana is also a very safe drug, and is even safer than some common foods. After two years of
testimony, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) chief administrative law judge Francis Young
ruled: "In strict medical terms, marijuana is far safer than many foods we commonly consume. For
example, eating 10 raw potatoes can result in a toxic response. By comparison, it is physically
impossible to consume enough marijuana to induce death." Marijuana should also be legalized
because it can provide a wide range of benefits for its user. In the words of Noel Merino,
"Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man."
Marijuana is even recommended by doctors for medical use, and medicinal marijuana use is already
legal in 28 states. However, a country wide legalization of medicinal marijuana would make sense in
the U.S because of the many different medical benefits marijuana has. Marijuana is also a great way
to
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22.
23. Persuasive Essay On Legalizing Marijuana
Marijuana Legalizing marijuana is beneficial to the consumer and the government, it also has little
to no effect on the youth. The consumer is safer consuming marijuana than alcohol. The government
can make money from taxing marijuana. The states that have legalized marijuana conducted studies
on the youth, shows that there is barely any change in the amount of kids that consume marijuana.
Legalizing marijuana is safer to consume than alcohol. For example, "Alcohol is more likely to
contribute to acts of violence than marijuana" (qtd. Marijuana Policy Project n.pag.). This means
that people are calmer and less aggressive when they consume marijuana than when they drink.
"MPP claims that research shows marijuana is less addictive than alcohol and less damaging to your
body" (qtd. Marijuana Policy Project n.pag.). Alcohol is hard on your body especially when you are
drinking regularly it's hard on your liver, but it doesn't matter how marijuana is consumed it is safer
than drinking. "Clinical and Experimental Research, conducted that an estimated 36% of
hospitalized assaults and 21% of all injuries are attributable to alcohol use by the injured person.
Meanwhile, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, " Revenue from taxation of marijuana sales could reach up to $8.7 billion per year if
taxed like alcohol or tobacco" (Drug Policy Alliance n.pag.). This could bring our country out of
debt, it might take more than 100 years but we could be debt free. Or take in consideration that in
2014 alone the state of colorado collected $44 million in taxes from marijuana sales. The
government can use that to build/fix roads, police/military support, education, ect. The government
can also benefit from legalizing marijuana by focusing the police on murder cases, rape cases,
illegal drug operations that kill people, instead of low time marijuana
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24.
25. The Benefits Of Legalization Of Marijuana
Marijuana should be made legalize because of the benefits it would have on society. With the
legalization of marijuana violence problems would decrease, strict rules and regulations would be
set for safety, and economical problems would slowly get back to normal.
In many places marijuana has been through the process of being decriminalized, but hasn't fully
been legalized. Even with marijuana being decriminalized it can seem like it has benefits, but it still
follows the lines of the prohibition meaning. Decriminalization just does not seem to be doing the
trick mainly because "under [the rule of] decriminalization, marijuana possession arrests may
continue, or even increase, because police may be more inclined to make arrests if they present less
administrative burdens as infractions, civil offenses, or even misdemeanors, as opposed to felonies"
(Drug Policy Alliance). People may not being going to jail as regularly for marijuana possession, but
people are still getting citations for having it on them. In another aspect it has been known that
people have felt more safe in other states and countries where marijuana is legal whereas they felt
danger when in places where it's illegal. Jeffrey A. Miron and his family went on a trip to the
Netherlands and he said "I have felt less safe in many American and European cities. The area is full
of young people, including many tourist, having fun or in search of it" (Marijuana Policy Project).
People like knowing that what they are
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26.
27. M. A. Lopez Case Study Scenarios
Daisy Lopez, M.A. has nine years of experience working with grant funded youth development
projects, with six years dedicated to working with substance abuse prevention programs. She holds a
Bachelor of Arts in Criminology and Restorative Justice and a Master of Arts in Leadership Studies
from Fresno Pacific University. Since 2006, Ms. Lopez has been coordinating and leading various
federal, state and county funded projects aimed at creating policy, system or environmental changes
in communities throughout California's Central San Joaquin Valley. As a professional, Ms. Lopez
has demonstrated expertise in: 1) reaching and serving low socioeconomic status, Hispanic/Latino,
and rural community populations; 2) establishing networks and creating
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28.
29. Slavery Should Be Illegal Is A Wise One Essay
1. I think that Lincoln's choice to stand by his conclusion that slavery should be illegal is a wise one
because he examines all sides of the arguments before coming to his conclusion. I think that even
though the civil war costs 600,000 American lives, it also probably saved thousands of the slave's
lives. As long as one thinks critically and reviews all of the outcomes and all sides of the arguments
of the situation, then I think that you should go for it instead of backing downB Unless, the
outcomes are worse than the situation itself. An example could be a teacher arguing that students
should be allowed to pray in schools. They should review all of the outcomes and all sides of the
arguments before they make that decision. One outcome may be her/him getting fired, or people's
feelings may get hurt because of their differentiation of religions. 1. The questions I would ask for
"b" in genetic engineering of food, would be: What is genetic engineering of food? How will this
affect my health? Where does this happen? The question I would ask for "c" in cohabitation among
college students, would be: What is cohabitation? Can it hurt someone? Is this morally right or
wrong? The questions I would ask for "e" in global warming, would be: What is global warming?
How can I learn more about it? What can I do to help? Finally, for "I" the questions I would ask for
illegal immigration are: Why do people immigrate illegally? What causes people to want to move?
How can we help those
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30.
31. The Policy Design For Recreational Cannabis Model
The picture is quite complex and at odds with federal legislation, posing a major challenge in terms
of public policy design, implementation and evaluation. In the next sections, for analytical purposes,
the policy cycle will be divided in two major models: the legalization for recreational purposes (4
states) and legalization for medical purposes (in all of its forms) (33 cases).
3. Design stage
3.1 Policy design for recreational cannabis model
The main goal pursued by the legalization policies is to convert marijuana in a tradable commodity,
under similar conditions and treatment given to alcohol and tobacco. In this sense, the policy
approach is mainly directed to market development. The full legalization of cannabis in Colorado,
Washington, Oregon and Alaska (as well as the district of Columbia), is a recent phenomenon that
started in 2012. In all cases the process was triggered by ballot system, following the path
inaugurated by California in 1996 where the medical use of cannabis was approved (Anderson and
Rees, 2014). However, in some states like Oregon and Alaska, the process have started earlier with
two previous failed attempts, where the same proposition was defeated by ballot system.
The political and civic platform for the full legalization was largely supported by national activists
groups such as NORML, the Marijuana Policy Project, Drug Policy Alliance and wide networks of
scientific and medical communities, human rights activists, civil rights
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32.
33. Alcohol Vs Alcohol
Alcohol or Marijuana: Is One More Dangerous Than The Other?
Tell me, if somebody asked you whether you believed marijuana or alcohol was the more harmful
substance, how would you respond? It's certainly a hot topic that has been debated amongst society
for decades, but one has to wonder, why is one of these substances legal, while the other remains an
illegal substance? In various cultures around the world, drinking alcohol has become a normalized
activity, with many seeing getting intoxicated as a rite of passage into our adolescent years or as a
celebration of reaching the legal drinking age. On the other hand, many individuals still view
marijuana in a negative light, so what exactly makes the two different? Both substances are
associated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the author provides data directly from the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services that estimates that between twenty–five and thirty–percent of violent crimes and around
three to four percent of property damage related crimes are linked to the intake of alcohol, with U.S.
Department of Justice reporting "nearly 5,000,000 alcohol–related crimes occur each year (Para
14)." On the other hand, the article makes sure to mention that use of marijuana has never been
directly linked to violent crimes or behavior, and instead has been linked to more mellow and
passive behavior after use. Furthermore, the organization also continues appealing to the readers'
emotions and sense of justice by continuing to show what violent and harmful situations that alcohol
has actually been linked to, such as in cases of male–to–female violence, studies have shown the
odds of severe abuse taking place were found to be eleven times higher when the abuser had been
consuming alcohol (Para
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37. Legalization Of Marijuana Essay
What is the problem? In the past decades, one of the most discussed problems in the country has
been whether or not the US government should approve the legalization of marijuana. Since the
prohibition of marijuana in the 1930s, there have been more problems than solutions about the topic.
There is no evidence that the prohibition of marijuana has decreased the use of the drug, and
according to the NORML (Working to reform marijuana laws), banning marijuana has not been very
effective since over 20 million of citizens have been charged with marijuana infractions since 1965
(NORML). One of the most important problems this country is facing about marijuana being illegal
is the amount of money that the government spends trying to control the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is common to hear opinions about the pros and cons of legalizing marijuana. Many people will
benefit from this policy, and there are many other important reasons why passing this policy
beneficial for the country. Also, instead of costing money to the government, it will be a form of
income. Like I mention before, if the country stops the prohibition of marijuana and replace it with a
system of legal regulation, we can use Colorado as an example: "The Colorado Department of
Revenue in June collected slightly more in tax revenue than the month before, according to its
recent sales report. The state collected $4,775,679 from marijuana–related sales tax in June 2014, up
from $4,511,668 collected in May 2014. To date, Colorado has collected $25,307,067 in pot taxes.
Officials projected the state would collect $60 to $70 million by the end of the fiscal year (June
2015)" If the policy gets passed, all the income that is collected from taxing marijuana can be used
towards higher education. There are many students with high potential who cannot afford college,
and this can be a great opportunity to develop an educated society. Health is another area where the
money would be used. Since there is not enough research on the effects of marijuana on the human
body, this income can help to pay for research to create new affordable and quality
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38.
39. M. A. Lopez Case Study Scenarios
Daisy Lopez, M.A. has nine years of experience working with grant funded youth development
projects, with six years dedicated to working with substance abuse prevention programs. She holds a
Bachelor of Arts in Criminology and Restorative Justice and a Master of Arts in Leadership Studies
from Fresno Pacific University. Since 2006, Ms. Lopez has been coordinating and leading various
federal, state and county funded projects aimed at creating policy, system or environmental changes
in communities throughout California's Central San Joaquin Valley. As a professional, Ms. Lopez
has demonstrated expertise in: 1) reaching and serving low socioeconomic status, Hispanic/Latino,
and rural community populations; 2) establishing networks and creating
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
40.
41. Should Marijuana Be Legalized?
"Leading medical researchers are coming to the conclusion marijuana, pot, grass, or whatever you
want to call it is probably the most dangerous drug in the United States..."(President Ronald Reagan,
1980 Campaign Rally Speech) "We may be able to make some progress on the decriminalization
side. At a certain point, if enough states end up decriminalizing, then Congress may then reschedule
marijuana." (President Barak Obama, 2015 Vice Magazine Interview) In less than forty years the
most important man in the Western world has gone from declaring marijuana the most dangerous
drug to openly discussing its possible rescheduling. The argument can be made that Reagan was far
more conservative than Obama, however it is more likely that this change is due to the shift in
public perception on the substance. There are currently 23 states with laws allowing for medical use
of cannabis, and four states who allow for recreational use. A 1969 Gallup poll found 4% of
respondents reportedly tried marijuana in their life. In 2013 that number rose to 38%. Youth rates
have varied some recent years however the average 30 day use rate is around 12%. There are a
variety of factors that have been discussed as possible reasons for this increase in marijuana use.
This paper explores potential causes for the increase in marijuana use and change in public
perception about the drug in the past fifty years. In the early 1900's cannabis became subject to
regulation in New York, it was banned without
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42.
43. The Legalization Of Marijuana
Maxwell VanZant
Mrs. Blake
Advanced English 9
4 March 2016
Legalization of Marijuana: Research Paper
You're living in the USA and there is much less debt and crime than there was previously; How may
one ask? The legalization of marijuana will cause these things stated and more. It will also lead to
lower prison populations, lower crime and increased tax revenue due to the taxation of an
underground market such as Marijuana. Some believe that Marijuana causes harmful effects to the
human being's physical and mental health and abilities. Although some people believe marijuana is
harmful, it should be legalized because it would lower gang populations, increase tax revenue, and
lower prison populations.
Some believe Legalizing Marijuana would be horrible because some are under the impression that
Marijuana is harmful and addictive. Some think that marijuana causes a rise in dopamine and alters
the rate of nerve cell firing in the Reward Center of a magnitude similar to other addictive drugs
(California Society of Addiction). However, "Between 10 to 30% of regular users will develop
dependency. Only 9% will have a serious addiction" (Gumbiner). Some also say that, Marijuana has
toxic properties that can result in...brain damage (Stimson). However, Harvard Medical School
researchers performed... imaging on the brains of long–term cannabis users...and...subjects with no
history of cannabis use. Imaging displayed "no significant differences" (Armentano). Now, let's go
onto the very
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44.
45. Viewpoints On Marijuana
Throughout history there has been many viewpoints on marijuana. Marijuana is cannabis sativa,
which is a herbal plant. It's used for both medical and recreational purposes, although when used
medically it has a greater effect for the patient. Marijuana has been legalized in 28 states and
statistics collected during the period of the legalization supported that marijuana helped many
patients with serious diseases, such as aids, and cancer. Other then being used for diseases,
marijuana can be used to deal with stress, sickness, and other disorders. Some people may even use
marijuana in place of prescription or store bought drugs because it's more effective. In the recent
years that marijuana has been legalized there has been a great increase ... Show more content on
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Those who did marijuana can possibly experience learning impairments for at least 24 hours. Some
studies done by small organizations say theirs a link between students being tardy and getting bad
grades (US Drug Enforcement Administration, 2011). Marijuana can affect one's respiration and is a
risk for heart attacks during the first hour after you smoke it. These respiration problems can include
coughing, wheezing, and bronchitis (US Drug Enforcement Administration, 2011). According to
some research organizations marijuana can harm some teens and kids in adolescence because that is
when their brain is developing. A study showed that people, who smoked marijuana everyday, saw a
decrease by IQ points (US Drug Enforcement Administration,
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46.
47. The Marijuana Policy Project Or Mpp For Short Essay
The Marijuana Policy Project or MPP for short is a special interest group that is solely concerned
with the legalization, decriminalization, and regulations of marijuana. Before Marijuana Policy
Project was created by Rob Kampia, Chuck Thomas, and Mike Kirshner, they worked for another
organization called National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws or NORML for short.
The cofounders had trouble with NORML, constantly bickering with their superiors over how they
could be more proactive. (MPP)They were eventually fired by the president of NORML and the
three of them decided to branch off and make their own interest group. The Marijuana Policy Project
was founded in January of 1995 with the sole purpose of ending marijuana prohibition and freeing
those arrest for marijuana possession. The group quickly grew to be one of the largest marijuana
policy reform group in the United States and the District of Columbia. Marijuana Policy Project has
over 32,000 dues–paying members with 30 employees that includes two full time lobbyist.
(Wikipedia) The MPP has a total revenue of $1,658,903 with 68% of that going towards program
expenses and 7% going towards administrative expenses. (Charity Navigator)
The Marijuana Policy Project is not only trying to make marijuana legal in a state level but they are
also trying to help in other ways as well. Their vision is "a nation where marijuana is legally
regulated similarly to alcohol, marijuana education is honest and realistic, and
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48.
49. The Decriminalization Of Marijuana
Decriminalization of Marijuana. With the recent uproar of various states legalizing marijuana it
seems as if marijuana laws have gotten more complex than ever before. Prove of this is found when
observing the legalization status of different states. States like Colorado and Washington have
legalized both recreational and medicinal use. Whereas states like New Mexico and Arizona have
only legalized Medicinal use. These complexities has confused many supporters of marijuana in
terms of understanding the process of full legalization. One common misterpetation is that the
government won't allow the states to experiment with marijuana. However according to Adam
Davidson in his article titled "Learning From History in Changing Times" He mentions that "All
three branches of the federal government have signaled approval of the states' experimentation with
marijuana legalization".(Pg 2119) This means that if one is to hope for legalization anytime soon
one must first realize that the states do have a say in its process and thus our voice and our vote
really do matter in regards to the legalization of Marijuana. With that being said our policy proposal
regarding marijuana is the practice of decriminalizing it. We believe that this policy would actually
stand a chance in being the first step into fully legalizing marijuana. Small steps are key in handling
controversial topics due to the heavy amount of stigma that surrounds the use of illegal drugs. One
reason as to why we
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50.
51. Cultural Beliefs And Influences Of Marijuana Use
Cultural Beliefs and Influences of Marijuana Use
There have been many cultures that have used marijuana for medicine. For instance, the Chinese
culture used the oil found in the plant for medical purposes. Medicine men would use it to treat
menstrual fatigue, gout, rheumatism, malaria, constipation, absent mindedness and surgical
anesthesia (Spicer, 2002). However, according to the Tao religion, cannabis was noted to be
considered a yin. Cannabis is regarded in contempt because it weakens the body when eaten (Spicer,
2002). Taoism considered only substances filled with yang, those that invigorate the body, as
favorable (Spicer, 2002).
Cannabis is also used medically in India's culture. Folk medicine often threw hemp into the fire to
aid an individual into overcoming evil forces that afflicted them. Traditional providers used cannabis
to treat congestion, diarrhea, and to cure fevers (Spicer, 2002). On the other hand, the African tribe
used cannabis to treat snake bites, facilitate child birth, and as a remedy for anthrax, malaria, black
water fever, blood poisoning, dysentery, and asthma (Spicer, 2002).
Religion and the Use of Marijuana Most religions condemn the use of marijuana for recreational
use. In Islam for example, marijuana is considered an intoxicant and all intoxicants are prohibited
(Waqar, 2015). For Christians, the recreational use of marijuana is used with the intent of achieving
intoxication, making it a sinful action (Carter, 2014). When it
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52.
53. Medical Marijuana Case Study
Federal government has the power to control all the state local activities including the purely local
that can have substantial effect on the interstate commerce. In the case of growing marijuana plant at
home for personal consumption being for medical use, the federal government banning that
marijuana sounds not right at first glance. The marijuana plants are grown within a state and the
grower cultivates the plant for personal use and the situation sounds like no interstate commercial
activities are involved or affected. However, at closer look, the homegrown marijuana may be
personally grown on the protection of the state law under the banner of medical use but many
activities can happen behind the scene. There are many ways for that homegrown marijuana to reach
both intrastate and interstate market. The state may be unable to put total control of what future
activities can happen out of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The state commerce may not just stop within its borders and boundaries. The argument raised on the
presumptive basis may not suffice the requirements of the activity having substantially affected the
interstate commerce (The Federal commerce Power, n.d.). However on the closer look, even simple
growing of marijuana at home for personal use surely has substantial effect on the interstate
commerce. Supposing the persons in need of medical marijuana were not growing the plant, how
will the direly needed commodity be procured? Surely, ways will be done to get the marijuana by
any way. Illegal dealers and black markets that will definitely meet the definition of interstate
commerce will get into the scene. To make the situation more clear, supposing everyone in the state
that legalize medical marijuana will grow the plant at home, that will have a huge impact on the
marijuana black market interstate
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54.
55. Keystone XL Pipeline Case Study
The pending Keystone XL pipeline (KXL) project and legalization of recreational and medical
marijuana are both government policy issues currently at the forefront of public awareness. The
policy decisions over the past 10 or so years have led to ongoing debate and progress in these areas.
Intended as a cooperative effort between the U.S. and Canadian governments as well as private
companies in both countries, the proposed TransCanada KXL would complement the current
Keystone oil pipeline (TransCanada, 2017). The KXL is to take a more direct route across both
countries, the path of which (Hardisty, Alberta to Steele City, Nebraska) is a subject of much
controversy both in Canada and the United States.
Despite this controversy, the Canadian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not a guarantee the KXL project will go forward, as the fate of the pipeline is still subject to
state, local, and tribal approvals in addition to other obstacles (BBC News, 2017). One of the
campaign promises of the Liberal Party leading up to the 2015 election was the legalization of
recreational marijuana (globalnews, year) and as a result of the party's win, Canada passed
legislation in the spring of 2017 for the July 2018 commencement of legalized recreational
marijuana. Canadians are already able to trade an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF), Horizons
Marijuana Life Sciences ETF (HMMJ.TO) that focuses on the production of medical and
recreational marijuana with a focus on the latter (Randall, 2017). A major concern that may result in
a postponement of the July 2018 target date is Canada's inclusion in several international treaties
which essentially prohibit the legalization of marijuana, among other things (globalnews, year).
Canada has the option of withdrawing from the treaties, however the deadline for initiating that
process to have it completed by July 2018 has now passed. Despite this possible setback, Professor
Steven Hoffman of York University in Toronto says, "The government still does have some options.
Those options are not all great, but they are still options." (globalnews,
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56.
57. Should Marijuana Be Legalized?
Marijuana is a very significant and controversial issue in today's society. Derogatory claims have
been made about marijuana, otherwise known as cannabis or hemp. Marijuana arrived in North
America with Christopher Columbus around 1492 A.D. The leafy flowering hemp plant, known as
marijuana, was used for industrial goods such as clothing, ropes, and sails (Tudor). Distinguishing
between marijuana and hemp has always been confusing. Plants containing less than one percent
THC are called hemp, which is used in the production of industrial products. Plants containing ten to
twenty percent THC are known as marijuana (Tudor). Without properly educating themselves on the
history about marijuana, numerous individuals are against the legalization ... Show more content on
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). Between 1937 and 1947, the American government fueled a propaganda war against marijuana,
declaring the plant as a source of evil because it could hurt the body, and its use was portrayed as a
sin. "During the 1930's, public attention shifted to marijuana (which was still illegal)," but several
years later, "The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 required all marijuana dealers to register and pay an
occupational tax," resulting in "few tax stamps issued" (Kleber and Califano Jr.). The outcome of the
Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 basically made marijuana illegal. As time went on, lawmakers had no
tolerance or interest in distinguishing differences between illegal drugs. Therefore, marijuana has
remained banned. The reason marijuana was made illegal has nothing to do with health issues; it
was just simple American business. Blame is placed on marijuana usage as being the reason why
people commit crimes. Marijuana has been associated with crime in a vast number of areas because
those who are arrested have tested positive for marijuana use. Those against legalization believe that
legalizing marijuana will lead to increased availability of drugs which will ultimately lead to
violence and crime ("Drug Enforcement Administration"). "Marijuana is a gateway to crime" in that
"marijuana was used most commonly," therefore causing "crimes of robbery and theft" to "obtain
money for drugs" (Duke). It is believed that "by keeping marijuana illegal," the result will
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58.
59. Argumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana
Medical Marijuana: a natural medicine
Cannabis has been getting a lot of attention for it's medical properties. The possibilities are endless
for the plant. People are starting to notice the positive effect of cannabis for the nation and its users.
It shows a positive future for much need research for cannabis. The FDA is making it difficult to do
research because it won't allow government spending for the project. The lack of studies cause
controversy with the users not being provided the information need to know the strind need to
people them. Cannabis is known for it's medical solutions, but because it's a schedule one drug, it
lacks research for furthermore discoveries.
Americans overwhelmingly approve of medical marijuana, and twenty nine states and the district of
columbia have legalized it.(Mantel n.pag.) cannabis is very widely recommended for natural
medication, it has also grown popular with adult users. Quinnipiac University made a poll and found
that ninety four percent of American voters support adults to use medical marijuana if their doctor
recommends it, the highest level of support in date quired by Quinnipiac polls is sixty percent
favored legalizing recreational marijuana use.(Mantel n.pag.) This studies has a positive future for
the medical marijuana industry. The marijuana plant contains approximately 100 molecules called
cannabinoids, which bind to receptors throughout the human body.(Mantel n.pag.) These receptors,
plus the cannabinoids
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60.
61. Importance Of Federalism And How The United States...
Well, I have to admit that I actually have learned a substantial amount of valuable knowledge
regarding the academic field of study renowned as public policy this past spring semester. For
instance, one particularly interesting fact of American policy history includes the fact that Shay's
rebellion was one of the final events that occurred which provided more support for the fact that the
current national government under the Articles of the Confederation was not adequate to properly
provide for the needs of the people of this newly found nation. Another instance includes the various
research that I have conducted and the research that I have learned from my fellow classmates via
our weekly discussion posts. Nonetheless, I believe that the three of the most important lessons
learned from this course would have to be the concept of federalism and how the United States
structure is based upon this form of government, the various models and explanations that attempt to
address how the public policy process implements or does not implement policies in regards to an
assortment of public matters, as well as learning about various contemporary public policy issues
and various interest groups that provide support for legislative reform.
Federalism & Policy Restraint
Foremost, federalism is "a system of government in which power is shared between a central or
federal government and other governments, such as states or provinces" (Birkland, 2011, p. 61). The
U.S. Constitution
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62.
63. Argumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana
In the United States, marijuana legalization is a highly debated topic. Marijuana has many benefits
to the body and the community. It can be used medicinally or recreationally and serves a number of
purposes. Marijuana has been proven to treat a number of diseases and conditions, causes a decline
in deaths due to overdose from opioid pains, and serves a plethora of additional benefits. I strongly
feel that sooner rather than later, marijuana should be federally legalized so that citizens can have
access to the benefits of this plant.
Over the past few decades, the use of medical marijuana has been an extremely controversial topic.
Medicinal marijuana is legal in 20 states, even though it disputes with current federal drug laws. The
main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is limited research into the effects of cannabis on opioid use in patients who experience pain,
but data implies that medical cannabis treatment may reduce the dose of opioids that one is required
to take for necessary pain relief. (National Institute on Drug Abuse) In comparison to the legal and
commonly used drug alcohol, marijuana has been repeatedly proven to be safer through research.
"The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that more than 37,000 annual
U.S. deaths are attributed to the health effects of alcohol use, including hundreds of alcohol
overdose deaths. The CDC does not have a category for deaths caused by marijuana use, and a
government–funded study conducted by researchers at Kaiser Permanente and published in the
American Journal of Public Health found no association between marijuana use and premature death
in otherwise healthy people." (Marijuana Policy Project) As opposed to alcohol use, which is
associated with a vast variation of cancer diagnoses, marijuana usage hasn't been conclusively
linked with any form of cancer. According to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Institute of
Medicine, "There is no conclusive evidence that marijuana causes cancer in humans, including
cancers usually related to tobacco use." This was solidified again in 2006 by the largest, most
comprehensive case–controlled study on the effects
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64.
65. Argumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana
If your loved one was dying of a chronic disease, and the only way to obtain relieve is through
medicinal marijuana. Would you not want marijuana to be legal? How will you cope if your loved
one died simply because marijuana use is against the law? Marijuana should be legalized in every
state because it provides many benefits for people who are terminally ill, it reduces crime rates in
cities, and eliminates the power of drug dealers who are making massive amount of money. In the
medical field, some illnesses such as Crohn's disease or epilepsy require medication that contains
marijuana. It would not be fair to leave the patient in chronic pain just because the most effective
drug includes a certain amount of marijuana. If the drug becomes legal in all states, more of the
patients suffering in the hospital will gain more recovery and become the healthy individual they
once were. Marijuana has been proven to be effective in treating a variety of illnesses; many states
such as Massachusetts, California, and New Jersey have put initiative to the legalization of medical
marijuana. The federal government should put more effort to support states with funding research
about the benefits that marijuana will have for society ("Drug Policy Alliance"). Treating patients
undergoing chemotherapy is one of the most notable ways that marijuana aids in pain and relief.
When marijuana is legal in all states, hospitals/clinics will have a better chance to provide their
patients with medical marijuana. Several of the drugs being distributed around the world today
contain little amounts of marijuana, yet it still helps the health of the people. It is time for marijuana
to be legal in all 50 states because it would significantly reduce crime rates. All across America, the
police arrest many people for possessing marijuana. This takes time, money, and effort to the
government. If the police spent less time to hunt down marijuana users, they can use their time to
enforce the law in other aspects. "In 2013, there were 693,482 marijuana arrests in the U.S. ... There
are more arrests for marijuana possession every year than for all violent crimes combined. Yet
marijuana is the most widely used illegal drug in the U.S. and the world"
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66.
67. The Legalization Of Marijuana And Cannabis Programs
years before being struck down by the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. However, with so
much publicity the legal process of the petition generated within the drug culture of the 1960 's
through the 1970 's in America, it likely convinced state authorities to reassess the restrictions
against marijuana (Huntington's Outreach Project for Education at Stanford, 2012). In 1982, 31
states and the District of Columbia had passed legislation granting the prescription of marijuana. In
1996, California voters passed Proposition (215) making it the first state to allow medical marijuana,
Since that time 22 states, the district of Columbia and Guam have enacted similar laws (National
Conference of State Legislatures, 2015). Of the 23 States, the District of Columbia and Guam now
allow for comprehensive public medical marijuana and cannabis programs (National Conference of
state legislatures, 2015). Recently, there have been 17 states who have approved efforts to allow use
of 'low' THC, high cannabinoid products for medical reasons in limited situations or as a legal
defense (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2015). The Compassionate Access, Research
Expansion and Respect States (CARERS) Act is the first–ever bill in the U.S. Senate to legalize
marijuana for medical use and it is the most comprehensive medical marijuana bill ever introduced
in Congress which will allow:
States to legalize marijuana for medical use without federal interference
Permit interstate
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68.
69. Essay about Survey of Marijuna Usage at Texas Christian...
Marijuana usage when discussed brings about debate and division no matter the forum. This is a
topic that many individuals feel either one or the other about. Very few feelings can be described as
"Middle of the Road". As students at Texas Christian University we felt that in the time we were in
attendance no one had tried to measure how students felt and view Marijuana. This information
could be used by organizations such as NORML; it could help them decide whether or not pursuing
a NORML chapter on TCU's campus would be worthwhile. NORML is a marijuana advocacy group
that is working to "move public opinion sufficiently to legalize the responsible use of marijuana".
Our study tries to determine what people know and what people think ... Show more content on
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Although few relevant surveys of practice patterns exist, it appears that physicians caring for cancer
patients in the United States who recommend medicinal Cannabis predominantly do so for symptom
management.
On the other hand there are those who believe marijuana is detrimental to the health of those who
use it. The National Institute on Drug Abuse for believes that marijuana use has many long– and
short–term implications. These implications include increased heart rate during use, respiratory
issues including a possibility heightened lung infections and frequent chest illness, and finally long
time use can lead to mental illness. Finally there are what legal alternatives to marijuana use. Some
people view these alternative as not as harmful towards physical or mental health and assume that
because they are legal they of course are better. Despite these beliefs many other feel these drugs are
much more harmful than their illegal counterparts. In accordance with the AAPCC, American
Association of Poison Control Centers, these substances that go by many different names including
"Spice," "K2," "Sence," "Skunk," and many others are known to cause vomiting, hallucinations, and
elevated blood pressure. In recent years though, these "legal alternatives" have gained similar ratings
and punishments to that of their illegal
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70.
71. Legalizing Marijuana Essay
Lately it seems that drug policy and the war on drugs has been in the headlines quite a lot. It is
becoming increasingly apparent that the policies that the United States government takes against
illegal drugs are coming into question. The mainstream media is catching on to the message of
organizations and individuals who have long been considered liberal "Counter Culture" supporters.
The marijuana question seems to be the most prevalent and pressed of the drugs and issues that are
currently being addressed. The messages of these organizations and individuals include everything
from legalization of marijuana for medical purposes, to full–unrestricted legalization of the drug. Of
course, the status quo of vote seeking politicians and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While marijuana was not actually outlawed until the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 it was a part of the
country and society since before the arrival of its current transplanted inhabitants. Hemp is the name
of a species of Cannabis that has been used throughout history for many things including rope,
clothing, medicine, oils and other such novelties. Marijuana and hemp are both of the species
Cannabis Sativa and occur naturally along with a score of other variations of the plant. Marijuana is
simply a form of hemp that is higher in delta–9– tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), marijuana's naturally
occurring psychoactive chemical. Today we hear many nicknames for marijuana including: weed,
pot, budda, grass, and bud to name a few. Marijuana has long been used by the indigenous peoples
of North and South America for many things, from medical to religious purposes. Of course a select
few Europeans exploited narcotics and different types of marijuana. However, in Europe it was not a
widespread phenomenon, and neither was it from the time of colonization or even industrialization
in America. It was not until the era of the 19th amendment to the U.S. constitution, known as
prohibition, that marijuana became a widely used substance in the U.S..
A large
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72.
73. Legalizing Marijuana Research Paper
Marijuana has become a hot topic in today's society. Most have very strong opinions as to whether
or not it should be legalized for recreational use. The prohibition has not stopped people from using
it. Many believe that there are too many negative risks associated with marijuana use and that it is
too dangerous for public consumption.
Many will argue that legalizing marijuana would only increase the number of health problems in
America. Marijuana has proven effects on those using the drug as well as those exposed to it.
Research shows that long–term use of marijuana is linked to a various amount of mental health
issues, such as hallucinations, paranoia, and even schizophrenia. Along with these issues, marijuana
can trigger many other issues, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Drugabuse.com proves this, in their article "Legalizing Marijuana Decreases Fatal Opiate
Overdoses," with data from 2010, by explaining that "states with legalized medical marijuana saw
approximately 1,700 fewer opiate–related overdose deaths". Marijuana is an extremely hard
substance to overdose on. In fact, the Marijuana Policy Project states, "marijuana is one of – if not
the – least toxic drugs, requiring thousands of times the dose one would use to get the desired effect
to lead to death". There has never been a report of a marijuana overdose (Marijuana Policy Project).
Thus, it would seem that it would most likely benefit the well being of the country if the government
ended the marijuana prohibition. Every year 30,000 Americans die from opioid related deaths
(Centers for Disease Control). Reducing the risk of opioid dependency will save many
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74.
75. The Ban Of Medical Marijuana
Charlotte Figi, a six–year–old girl, had an untreatable form of epilepsy and used medical marijuana
to save her life. Her parents had tried almost every medication to try and save her by the time she
was two–years–old. Some nights she would get fifty seizures each night. Finally, her parents were
able to get her a medical marijuana card in Colorado, and the new medication immediately stopped
the seizures (Gummow, 8 Miraculous, para. 4, alternet.org). This is just one example of how unjust
the ban of medicinal marijuana is. The ban of medical marijuana is unjust because people who need
the medicine have been arrested and sent to prison for decades, the ban is based on outdated moral
biases, and although some may argue that marijuana is a "gateway" drug, people who wish to use
medicinal marijuana are using it to relieve specific symptoms that are not addressed by "harder"
drugs. Charlotte's epilepsy is not the only condition for which medical marijuana can be used. First,
the website ProCon.org states that medical marijuana is useful for sufferers of Alzheimer's Disease,
anorexia, AIDS, cancer, Crohn's Disease, and many others (For Which Symptoms, para. 1,
procon.org). Studies show that drugs, such as cocaine, and alcohol inhibit the growth of new brain
cells. However, research conducted at Scripps Research in San Diego demonstrates that marijuana
encourages neural growth. THC, one of the primary beneficial compounds found in cannabis, eases
pain, minimizes
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76.
77. Retail Marijuana Case Study
The City of Sterling is the largest city in the Northeastern Colorado region. Downtown Sterling was
listed on the National Register in 2013 with 47 sites, which contribute to historical significance. The
city population was 18,211 at the 2010 census. Sterling's commercial offerings are expanding with
newly opened retail stores, and new hotels and restaurants planned. It is a small city for Colorado,
although it is the county seat for Logan County. There are five forms of city councils: council–
manager, mayor–council, commission, town meeting, and representative town meeting. A council–
manager is the most common form. It is where the city council oversees the general administration,
makes policy, sets budget, a professional city manager to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The major event of the night was the city employees' recognition and introductions. First, four new
members were hired on at the city: Rachel Neise, public works electrician; Valecia Serl, public
service dispatch; Jordie Arnolead, rec–center receptionist; and Russe Swingle, the police
department. In addition, many member were recognized for their service: Ericka Clausen, five years
at the library; Cathy Beardsley, rec–center; Mr. Ritter, fire department; and Deputy Kelsh, police
department. There was also an employee excellence banquet at Prairie Park in Sterling the following
Friday in order to recognized the long–term employees and their families. Then, City Manager
Saling brought up the issue of non–profits and their budgets. The Council decided to set up a sub–
committee of members of the Council to redefine the application process the non–profits must go
through in order to apply for monetary aid. Members decided to have some elements of criteria
ready by a special set meeting before the next actual council meeting. Next, Pedal the Plains is
going to be coming through Sterling again this year and some local artists brought forth ideas to use
this year. Among the projects is a bicycle trellis archway by Merino artist Brad Rhea, at a cost of
$3,985. The second project is a stainless steel bike and the cost for that
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