Baycol Research Paper

Baycol Research Paper
Description
Baycol is a drug containing 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.8 mg of the active ingredient cerivastatin sodium and inactive ingredients: mannitol, magnesium stearate,
sodium hydroxide, crospovidone, povidone, iron oxide yellow, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, and titanium dioxide. Cerivastatin
sodium is sodium (C26H33FNO5Na) with molecular weight of 481.5 and the following chemical structure:
Clinical Pharmacology
Baycol is a drug that was used to reduce cardiovascular diseases created by the pharmaceutical company Bayer. This drug is part of the class of
statins. This class of drugs reduces the cholesterol level in the blood decreased cholesterol production by liver shutting down the enzyme responsible
for its production. The enzyme is called hydroxy–methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The studies have incorporated more than 5,000 patients with Type IIa and IIb hypercholesterolemia treated in trials periods of 4 to 104 weeks.
Patents and Trademarks
FDA approved the application of Baycol in June 26, 1997, after a period of 2,262 days for applicable regulatory review. The testing phase occurred
during 1,896 days, while the approval phase occurred in 366 days.
Baycol was marketed by Bayer A.G. until 2001, competing with Pfizer's highly successful atorvastatin (Lipitor). Voluntarily in 2001 Cerivastatin was
withdrawn from the market due to reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis.
Post– market
During the practice of monitoring the safety of Baycol (postmarketing surveillance), 52 deaths and 385 nonfatal cases were reported in patients using
cerivastatin due rhabdomyolysis. The cerivastatin caused 16 to 80 times more deaths than other statins. In 2002, over 100 deaths were reported due
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Benefits Of The Coach Approach Program
Goal Setting / Guidelines
The President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition gives American adults a target physical activity range of at least 150 minutes of moderate to
intense aerobic exercise per week. However, many Americans do not reach (much less exceed) the recommended amount of physical activity, leading to
an inordinately high level of the negative results of failure to reach such recommendations – such as Type 2 Diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and poor
mental health quality – in the United States today. Programs like the Coach Approach (designed by Dr. J. Annesi) have been designed to increase the
rate of American adults reaching the recommended physical exercise levels and to reduce the number of participants from ... Show more content on
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The study concluded that all of the measured psychological benefits of the program were significantly due to the program (as compared to a normal
exercise regimen). The significance of this study is that the Coach Approach, which targets physical and psychological improvement, is effective in
both ways, which only adds to its credibility as an effective exercise program.
Psychology
Self–Motivation. Self–motivation (ranked using the Self–Motivation Inventory as high, medium and low levels of self–motivation) has been shown to
have different correlations with exercise–induced feeling states from different levels of motivation. Those with low self–motivation levels saw a
moderate positive correlation between attendance and the feeling states tranquility, positive engagement, and revitalization, and a moderate negative
correlation with physical exhaustion. The group with higher self–motivation, conversely, produced generally weaker correlations in the opposite
direction, while the medium self–motivation group saw no significant correlation between attendance and any of the exercise–induced feeling states.
This suggests that one's self–motivation in exercising affects how they would feel before and after physical

Leisure And Stress Management : A Correlation Study Of...
Leisure and Stress Management : A Correlation Study of Social Activities and Stress Levels in College Students.
Stress is a state of mental tension that is very familiar in present–day society. It is a topic that is much debated in media coverage, and has been
associated with significant impacts on both mental and physical wellbeing (Iwasaki, 2003). While the repercussions of stress are well–established field
of research in the health and social fields, research in stress management and the different coping mechanisms is still on debatable grounds (Iwasaki and
Mannell, 2000).
Research on leisure–the free time in which non–working activities are enjoyed– is particularly oriented on the different strategies employed to
effectively cope with stress through its many activities such as physical exercises (Nguyen–Michel, Unger, Hamilton, and Spruijt–Metz, 2006), social
interactions (Patry, Blanchard, and Mask,2007) and other personal relaxation activities (Iwasaki, 2000). Studies done by researchers Iwasaki and
Mannell (2000) have shown that leisure activities serve as a regulatory system of stress intake This regulatory process involves both coping beliefs–the
actions the persons take in regards to personal characteristics and environments (e.g. writing for an introvert) – and coping strategies –the actions a
person takes in regards to situations (e.g. socializing with friends after a harsh final) (Iwasaki and Mannell, 2000). For these reasons, leisure
regulations is composed

RBBS Phenom Analysis
The RBBS is reported to cause systemic envenoming, local envenoming, anticoagulant coagulopathy and myotoxicity (Churchman et al., 2010).
Although neurotoxicity by RBBS venom has been demonstrated in in vitro models, there have been no cases of neurotoxicity in human envenoming
(Hart et al., 2013; Ramasamy et al., 2005). Hence RBBS envenoming have not been regarded as severe and antivenom therapy is only recommended for
patients with major systemic envenomation (White et al., 2001). In addition, hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis to antivenom administration
has been previously described (Churchman et al., 2010; Isbister et al., 2008, et al., 2012a). The rate of antivenom administration did not appear to have
any association with increased... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there was a rebound in total venom levels and free venom levels which contributed to the severe rhabdomyolysis that occurred in our patient.
TSAV is the current therapy for RBBS envenoming as it is effective, cheaper and a lower mass of equine protein per ampoule is required (Pearn et al.,
2000; White et al., 2001). The rebound of venom concentrations post TSAV administration in our patient was very unusual. It is the current
understanding is that one vial of antivenom is sufficient to bind all venom as the venom levels were undetectable in patients post antivenom
administration (Churchman et al., 2010; Group et al., 2012; White et al.,

Rhabdomyolysis Research Paper
Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition that results when muscle cells break down and release substances into the blood that can damage the kidneys. It
happens because of damage to the muscles that move bones (skeletal muscle). When you damage this type of muscle, substances inside muscle cells
are released into your blood. This includes a certain protein called myoglobin.
Your kidneys must filter myoglobin from your blood. Large amounts of myoglobin can causekidney damage or kidney failure. Other substances
released by muscle cells may upset the balance of the minerals (electrolytes) in your blood. This makes your blood become too acidic (acidosis).
CAUSES
This condition is caused by muscle damage. Muscle damage often results from: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Treatment may include:
Fluids and medicines given through an IV tube inserted into one of your veins.
Medicines, such as:
в—‹ Sodium bicarbonate to reduce acidosis.
в—‹ Electrolytes to restore the balance of these minerals in your body.
If other treatments are not helping, you may be put on an artificial kidney machine to filter your blood (hemodialysis) while you recover.
HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS
Take medicines only as directed by your health care provider.
Rest at home until your health care provider says you can return to your normal activities.
Drink enough fluids to keep your urine clear or pale yellow.
Do not exercise strenuously. Ask your health care provider what level of exercise is safe for you.
Do not abuse drugs or alcohol. If you are struggling with drug or alcohol use, ask your health care provider for help.
Keep all follow–up visits as directed by your health care provider. This is important.
SEEK MEDICAL CARE IF:
You develop symptoms of rhabdomyolysis at home after treatment.

SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL CARE IF:
You have a seizure.
You bleed easily or cannot control bleeding.
You cannot make

Rhabdomyolysis And Renal Kidney Failure
Rhabdomyolysis results when the skeletal muscle rapidly breaks down and releases myoglobin into the bloodstream. Myoglobin is a protein that
composes muscle cells that carry and store oxygen in the muscles. Therefore, when myoglobin is released into the bloodstream, the skeletal muscle
rapidly deteriorates and is rapidly being destroyed. Rhabdomyolysis can lead to renal kidney failure. Renal kidney failure is when the kidneys can't
remove waste and urine. In some cases, rhabdomyolysis can lead to death. However, there is treatment for rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis has many
causes; young adults are more vulnerable than adults to getting rhabdomyolysis because they are exposed to high intensity, longer–duration, and
weight–bearing exercises.

Crossfit Research Paper
Something that has impacted my life immensely is CrossFit, and for this reason, I will be doing my I–Search on it. CrossFit teaches healthy lifestyles
and encourages one to be the best that one can be. The purpose of choosing this topic is for me to better understand the science of exercising and
health. I hope to gain knowledge about why and how it is so highly effective. I also hope I am able to inform people about Crossfit being the most
different, unique, insane, challenging and rewarding sport that there is. Crossfit is more than just a workout. It's a lifestyle that one chooses to live. I
have learned to prioritize my health before anything else. Crossfit is also a place one can go to let go of any kind of stress, to learn camaraderie ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which meant that it had finally been born! Five short years later, only thirteen boxes were open, but there are now over thirteen thousand CrossFit
affiliates open. With this many boxes open, CrossFit is obviously getting more and more attention. This means people are getting more and more
competitive with the sport. Many people think, "Do people seriously think CrossFit is a sport? That is absolutely bogus!" To the people who think
CrossFit is not a sport; WRONG! A sport is defined as "an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against
another or others for entertainment" (Google Search). Crossfit is an activity that involves exertion and skill in which an individual or team compete
against each other, therefore it is a sport, hence the CrossFit Games. An annual event that is brutal, demanding and exhausting used to test the abilities
of athletes all across the world. This is used to find the fittest man, woman and team of CrossFit. CrossFit stated that the Games: change every year and
oftentimes, the details are not announced until right before each event. Athletes train year–round for a competition that is almost completely a mystery.
When they reach the Games, they put their training and mental fortitude to the test and take on a rigorous, broad–ranging test of overall physical
capacity. At the close of competition, the Fittest on Earthв„ў will have clearly distinguished themselves.

White Collar Rhabdomyolysis Case
The article, "White Collar Rhabdomyolysis with Acute Kidney Injury" focuses on rhabdomyolysis which is developed by performing difficult
exercises in the case where an individual is not physically prepared for these exercises. In the specific case discussed, a woman aged 26 years old
performed 108 sit ups and, because her body was not accustomed to this extreme exercise scenario, she developed rhabdomyolysis. She came into the
doctor's office looking and feeling fairly okay – with the exception of slight pain in the lower limb muscles. The electrocardiogram obtained revealed
that the woman had tachycardia, which explained her largely increased heart rate. After performing urine tests and obtaining blood work, the doctors
realized that she had

Piriformis Syndrome Research Paper
Piriformis syndrome is something that runners should be aware of. If you're a long distance runner, or know many runners, you will likely hear of it,
or experience it. Read on for important information on what piriformis syndrome is, how to prevent it, and how to treat it if you already have it.
What is piriformis syndrome?
It impacts the piriformis muscle. This muscle is located in the buttock area. Tightness and pain in the buttocks is common with this condition. Spasms
of this muscle can cause pain in the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve can cause pain from the lower back down to the leg area. It can also cause the leg
to feel numb. It can be quite painful. It can also be debilitating. It's difficult to get even simple things done when ... Show more content on
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Periformis stretches have been shown to provide a lot of relief to those suffering from this pain. A physical therapist can be a huge help. When you're
doing periformis stretches don't be rough. You want these to be gentle stretches. You should feel good while you're stretching. If you find that the pain
becomes worse, or you're not feeling good during the stretch, stop doing them right away.
While periformis syndrome can literally be a pain in the butt, there is good news. As mentioned, surgery is very rarely needed. Most runners are
back running rather quickly. Some actually keep running and don't have to stop at all. However, this is only so with the most mildest of cases.
Most runners will have to stop, even if only for a short period of time. With one or more treatments, it eventually goes away. It can take some time
and you may not be able to run for awhile, but eventually you'll be back out there. Only this time you'll know that it's important to wear the right
shoes, and take it easy when you decide to increase your run speeds and distances. You'll also be armed with useful stretches that can be done for the
periformis even when you're not in pain. If pain does flare up again, you'll already know what to do in order to begin treatment right away. At the first
sign of pain start using ice packs and do those

Persuasive Essay On Physical Education
Over the last 30–40 years, the amount and intensity of exercise has gradually declined. Few children in the United States have actually met the
recommended "sixty minutes of vigorous exercise" per day (Institute of Medicine, 2013). Although most states and districts have policies pertaining to
physical education, these programs lack reinforcement and are often considered weak. Physical education has slowly declined throughout the years,
and the the purpose of encouraging students to make physical activity part of their daily lifestyle has been lost. Recent research from Cornell
University has found that the average high school gym class consists of students being active for an average of only sixteen minutes! This is nowhere
near the recommended sixty minutes of physical exercise. Physical education has been pushed to the side while academics have been prioritised.
P.E. classes have become overlooked by society as a whole. Students simply see it as a courses used only for socializing, or to avoid academic
courses such as Algebra, Biology, and History. While teachers no longer encourage students to be active, this should not be the path in which we take
physical education. The importance of exercise and physical activity goes beyond the classroom with is proven benefits in memory, cognition and
attention which are skills that can be used for daily life activities. In recent times, many programs are popping up across the country to emphasize the
importance of being active!

A Short Note On The Breakdown Of Muscle Tissue
Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis, meaning the breakdown of muscle tissue, is a syndrome characterized by the breakdown of muscle fibers, specifically the
sarcolemma of skeletal muscles, and results in the release of muscle fiber contents such as myoglobin into the bloodstream. The sarcolemma is the cell
membrane of a muscle cell and is designed to receive and conduct stimuli. Myoglobin is a muscle protein located in muscle cells and excess leakage
of this protein can cause various serious medical complications such as renal tubular obstruction, direct nephrotoxicity or tubular injury, acute kidney
injury, and even kidney failure. Rhabdomyolysis was first described in the victims of the crush injuries during the bombing raids of World War II in
London in 1940 (Muscal, 2015).
The causes of rhabdomyolysis vary widely depending on various factors including age, and damage can be caused by a direct or indirect muscle
injury. Considering such a wide variation of causes, they all have the same common result which is the muscle protein called myoglobin, which can
cause damage to kidney cells, being released into the bloodstream when a muscle is damaged. Rhabdomyolysis has a wide variation of causes with the
majority being acquired. Some acquired causes of rhabdomyolysis are: trauma or crush injuries; use of drugs and toxins such as cocaine, amphetamines,
statins, heroine, Phencyclidine or PCP, and alcohol; body temperature extremes; severe exertion such as marathon running or

Rhabdomyolysis: The Breakdown Of Muscle
Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of muscle fibers due to injury. The injury may come from physical damage to the muscle like an injury but other
causes are:
High fever (hyperthermia).
Seizures (convulsions).
Low phosphate levels.
Diseases of metabolism.
Heatstroke.
Drug toxicity.
Over exertion.
Alcoholism.
Muscle is cut off from oxygen (anoxia).
The squeezing of nerves and blood vessels (compartment syndrome).
Some drugs which may cause the breakdown of muscle are:
Antibiotics.
Statins.
Alcohol.
Animal toxins.
Myoglobin is a substance which helps muscle use oxygen. When the muscle is damaged, the myoglobin is released into the bloodstream. It is filtered
out of the bloodstream

Communication Worksheet In Nursing
1). As I look back, I could have spent more time with my nurse. Overall, today was a low–keyed day. I did a lot of vital signs, cleaning up the patient,
and repositioning the patient. I did not get the chance to practice or observe any new nursing skills. My nurse was mostly busy with her other patients.
Thinking back, I wish I could have been more proactive with my learning and asked the nurse if I could follow along with her to her other patients.
B. As I look back, I could have spent less time trying to finish my patient care worksheet and looking up patient information. I am a person that likes
to be prepared for whatever that I am doing. Because of this, I spent more time than needed trying to learn everything about my patient. This takes away
my time being with the patient and the time to learn new skills. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
English is my second language so communication has always been my weakness. I get nervous and feel self–conscious at times when talking with the
patient. Not having good communication skills when educating the patient is especially difficult because I cannot put the thoughts in my head in
correct wording so that the patient would understand. I think that with more patient interactions over time, I would be more comfortable and have
more confidence with communicating with the patients. Today, after my my morning assessment and taking vital signs, I had some free time and
had decided to use that time to talk to the patient to get to know her more. The patient talked about her life when she used to work as a food
researcher to becoming a lawyer then to how she ended up in the hospital. The patient was talkative and seemed to really enjoyed my company. After
my encounter with the patient, I realized how valuable it is for some of these patients to have someone to share their stories and feelings with.
(Self–awareness &

The Pros And Cons Of Crossfit
CrossFit is a big deal these days, so you've probably heard about it. If you meet someone who does it, we bet they'll brag about it in the first couple of
minutes. Every fitness regimen has its ups and downs; it is only important to have much more advantages and health benefits than shortcomings. To
find out what is crossfit, why it became so popular and why it's not that healthy for your body, keep reading.
Every once in a while, we get new fitness fad. Crossfit craze started more than a decade ago and seems like it will stay, at least for a while longer. The
program was created by Greg Glassman, and is considered to be both – physical exercise and competitive sport. Elements of crossfit can also be found
in other fitness regimens like weightlifting, gymnastics of high intensity interval training, and it has gained a cult following over the years, with more
than 13.000 affiliated gyms all over the world.
All the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nowadays, it's all about games, money and promoting their athletes. These competitions are being held in California during summer, and hard
workouts in excessive heat are often reason even the most trained athletes are giving up due to exhaustion.
Exercises are revealed only a few hours before games. There are often surprise elements, non–typical regimens because of "athletes should be ready for
anything" philosophy.
Athletes should be tested in each category when their bodies are rested to be able to respond efficiently. The most rounded athlete should win, not one
who can avoid Rhabdomyolysis or a heat stroke. These games have some good and exciting events, but some parts are cringe worthy. When people
see notable athlete faint or drop out of the competition because it was too hard and causing him or her to fear for their lives, how do you expect people
to show at your gym door and pay for

Brain Injury Case Study
Patient 1 –Mike was an active baseball and football player in high school. Now at the age of 36, he is still a professional athlete "wannabe." He has
dislocated his shoulder many times, but even after several hip injuries, he has never dislocated his hip.
a.Compare and contrast the anatomical physiology of the shoulder joint and the hip joint.
The shoulder and hip are considered ball and socket joints. In the shoulder, the "ball" of the humerus fits into the "socket" formed by the shoulder blade.
In the hip, the "ball' of the femur fits into the "socket" of the pelvis. These joints allow the motion in the body. Also, the shoulder joint and the joint are
both synovial joints (diarthroses), meaning they both consists of:
1.A fibrous joint capsule ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a possibility that statin medication can contribute to this condition since they "appear to affect ATP production by impairing mitochondrial
function. Statins can alter the balance between protein repair and degradation and risk are higher in adults with complex medical problems and
medication use"(Muscal, 2015, p. 1).
–Labs (K+ 6.0, Serum creatinine 1.6, serum creatinine kinase (CK) 6,000 units/L):
The "most important and clinically useful measurement is serum creatine kinase (CK) level and a level five times the upper limit of normal (about
1,000 units/L) is used to identify rhabdomyolysis"(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 1550). The patient's elevated CK level is a hallmark sign of
rhabdomyolysis.
–Signs and symptoms (severe pain and weakness in her muscles; reddish–brown urine:
The classic triad of signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis is "muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine (caused by myoglobinuria)"(McCance &
Huether, 2014, p. 1550), however, this is only seen in half of the patients. Muscular pain and tenderness muscle weakness are consistent with pressure

Essay On Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria, is the breakdown of muscle tissue that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents into the blood. These
substances are harmful to the kidney and often cause kidney damage. When muscle is damaged, a protein called myoglobin is released into the
bloodstream. It is then filtered out of the body by the kidneys. Myoglobin breaks down into substances that can damage kidney cells( Medline, 2015).
Serum Creatine Kinase (CK) is most useful in the measurement in the condition. CK levels greater than 1000 units/L are indicative of the condition,
levels that exceed 5000 unit/L indicate acute renal failure. Rhabdomyolyis, is most frequently seen in traumas that involve crush injuries,
immobilization for long periods, and drug and alcohol overdoses. Although the condition is rare, serious complications including hyperkalemia,
metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure and DIC (McCance..).
As nurses we are responsible for patient teaching and education related to disease processes. The overall prognosis of rhabdomyolysis is favorable as
long as it is recognized and treated promptly. Most causes of rhabdomyolysis are reversible.Treatment and control of underlying disease is a must,
removal the provoking factors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients taking statin and fibrate medications for high cholesterol control are instructed to be aware of the symptoms of rhabdomyolysis. Exercise
programs and routines need to be thoughtfully planned to prevent rhabdomyolysis. This includes avoiding exercising in extreme heat conditions and
drinking adequate fluids. Both these situations can lead to dehydration, which increases the risk of muscle damage. Patients that suffer from alcohol
and drug addiction are encouraged to enroll in treatment programs. Also, accident and motor vehicle safety education including, seat beat wearing and
defense driver education is needed for patients involved in traumatic

Hypertensive Heart Disease Research Paper
Cody Tatum
274–9479
Pathology, 1902, 2015, Summer Semester
Death Certificate Assignment
Due 7/13/2015
Death Certificate #1 Name of deceased: George Jefferson Walker
Age: 64
Date of Birth: May 4, 1947
Date of Death: December 16, 2011
Cause of death: Hypertensive Heart disease
1.Etiology – Hypertensive heart disease is associated with high blood pressure related to the heart's arteries and muscles. Blood is transported to the
heart by coronary arteries. High blood pressure causes blood vessels to become narrow which can cause the blood flow to the heart to slow and even
stop. Sometimes blood clots form and get stuck in the narrowed arteries and put the person at serious risk of a heart attack. Poor blood circulation can ...
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Diagnosis – Pulmonary embolisms are diagnosed through several ways; x–rays of the chest are done to get a good picture of the lungs, MRIs are done
to produce images that are more detailed than x–rays, blood tests are sometimes conducted to check for a natural clot dissolving substance in the
blood, venography's are performed to get x–ray images of the veins in the lungs. CT scans are done to get cross–sectional views of the lungs. Duplex
Venous Ultrasound are performed by using radio waves to check the flow of blood and to see if there are any clots existing in the legs. The most
effective way of diagnosing a pulmonary embolism is through a pulmonary angiography, this is when the doctor makes an incision and inserts tools into
the veins of the lungs and then puts a dye though the veins to detect any blockages.
4.Treatment – For the larger and more life threatening clots, most often surgeries are the only option to get them removed. For smaller blood clots,
blood thinners and clot dissolvers are used to break up the clots in the lungs.
5.Prognosis – The prognosis of a pulmonary embolism can range from very good to very bad. Some pulmonary embolisms are so severe that death
occurs in seconds to minutes. For others, after surgery or clot busting drugs, patients are usually put on blood thinners to reduce the risk of having
another pulmonary embolism that could potentially be fatal. People who survive the embolism and immediately get treated usually have a good
outlook, but

Acute Stress In Young Adults
What is acute stress and what can acute stress lead to if untreated in young adults? First discovered and recognized for around 1936, a common type
of stress called acute stress is often a response to life changes and the need to adjust to those changes. While many changes are positive, such as going
on vacation or getting a new job, some changes are negative, such as an illness of a parent. Any type of change or disruption in a child's
lifeвЂ’whether it is mental, emotional, or physicalвЂ’can cause stress. This is especially true if these changes seem to be out of a child's control. Acute
stress, if not dealt with, can cause migraine, stomach aches, diarrhea, nausea, ulcers, back pain, skin disorders, and even high blood pressure, which
may increase a teenager's risk of heart disease. Sometimes acute stress may lead to more serious symptoms,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By taking the time to dig deeper into a child's conscience, they can learn how to handle stress and its difficulties. For children who can not rely on their
mind for decent support, there is often a backup method such as physical activity. Teenagers canexercise to get their mind off their stressful life and
create a more brighter perspective about their life. Also, talking to close family members and friends releases all the tension that builds up when an
adolescent keeps all their emotions to themselves, thus, resulting in a more better emotional environment. When will there be a proper cure for stress?
Unfortunately, there might never be an official medication to treat or reduce stress, but by using an adolescent's emotional, physical, and verbal skills,
they might receive a treatment that is more efficacious than a doctor's

Running For A Change At High School Sports
PH 90 Tuesday and Thursday
Running for a change
I. How healthy are you?From my behavior change paper, the main change that I am focusing on is from the physical health behavior. The one
question that I'm focusing on deals with becoming happy with my body size and weight; this question was the only question where I scored a one.
From past experiences, I would be content with my body by being physically active. However, with the change of environment of being in high
school sports to going into a college environment where I have a less physical schedule has strained my thoughts of how I see my body. With this
conflict I'm easily accessible to that thought of being distressed and unhappy, so I want to exercise to counteract those thoughts ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The issues that are brought up are what happens when people are physically active and what happens when they are not physically active. Regarding
the website, CBSNews.com, the article "CDC: 80 percent of American adults don't get recommended exercise" states that at least eighty percent of
adult Americans neglect their weekly amount of exercise (Jaslow, 2013). With this statistic, there are multiple health issues that are raised for why
people should be physically active. The health issues that correlate with exercising focuses on obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and mental
illnesses ("Physical Activity and Health", 2015). Although physical activity can be a hassled effort to work through, inactivity can lead to a worse
outcome. Another article from the CBSNews.com website titled "Inactivity tied to 5.3 million deaths worldwide, similar to smoking", states that deaths
regarding coronary heart disease, type two diabetes, colon and breast cancer and obesity are tied to people being inactive (Jaslow, 2012). These
informational statistics give the information that numerous adults are inactive and that different types of diseases are tied to inactivity. With the given
information, and an article from the Center for Disease control and Prevention website, titled "The Benefits of Physical Activity", there are problems
that come from being

Does Participating in Sports Help Reduce the Levels of...
Introduction In the world many people are sad and depressed and just don't feel the need to do anything at all other than sulk and wish they were
dead, this is not the way someone should live. There should be some way to take someone out of this depressive state or to keep someone from
ever reaching it but what? The answer is organized sports and their ability to kick start hormones in the body and allow for a new sense of
happiness within the body. To find out the depression levels of the participants and see if physical activity effects all participants with different
levels of depression or only participates of low levels of depression, we will use a beck depression scale to test the levels of the participants
throughout the study. This is important because it will help to bring about a new way to keep a large amount of people away from depression
because we know the effects of physical activity on society in order keep depression at a controllable rate. Purpose of the Study The purpose of my
study to find out if participating in sports helps to reduce the levels of depression in college students. I am hoping to find out if there is a relationship
between playing a sport and controlled levels of depression in college students, so that depression can be controlled and monitored in an inexpensive
way. This will lead up to the need for physical activity throughout grade school years in hopes to keep depression to a minimum no matter what age or
demographics. People should

Symptoms And Treatment Of Gout
1.Gout (Acute, Active)
a)Differentials: Gout, Rheumatoid Arthitis, Plantar Fasciitis
b)Plan: Prescribed Colchicine (Colcrys) 0.6 mg tablet for 10 days, to reduce joint inflammation related to gout flares.
c)Education: A preventive gout flare diet includes one that is low–purine, low protein, alcohol–restricted diet. Gout is influenced by dietary factors that
lead to an increase in purines, such as red meat and shellfish, alcohol, and caffeinated beverages. Avoidance of these dietary factors may reduce gouty
flares. An alcohol–restricted diet is imperative because alcohol consumption closely correlates with hyperuricemia leading to a gout attack. B.B. should
be made aware that excessive joint movement might increase inflammation, whereas rest of affected joints may support resolution of pain. Cold
compresses may also be beneficial to treatment of gout attacks. Patient should be recommended to exercise regularly and drink plenty of water, leading
to lower the concentration of uric acid.
d)Referral: None at this time. Patient directed to follow–up if symptoms have not resolved in 10 days.
Gout is an arthritic disease caused by buildup of uric acid in the body. Normally, the liver processes purines. When purines are destroyed by the
liver, uric acid, a waste product is produced. Normally, the body disposes uric acid through the kidneys where it is removed from the blood. When too
much uric acid is produced by the liver or the kidneys do not eliminate properly from the

The Positive Benefits Of Recess In Middle School
Many students upon entering middle school are surprised to find that recess if no longer part of their day. Recess has positive benefits for students. I
think kids from 1 –12th grade should have recess. A few examples are: exercise is great for students, kids need time to socialize with their friends and
socially connect, and recess reduces stress. Exercise is healthy for students. If kids do not have recess then they would not get their daily exercise.
Teens between the ages of 14–18 should have at least 60 minutes a day of physical activity. When pre–teens start middle school there is no more recess
(for the rest of their school life). With many students obtaining many hours of homework a night, how can it be expected that they to get 60 minutes
each day of running, biking, swimming or walking? For example, if someone does not have any other activities that day, where are they going to get
their exercise from? Many children suffer from obesity, but even children at healthy weight levels benefit from physical activity. "For sure, in light of
America's childhood–obesity problem (17 percent of kids between 2 and 19 are obese), participating in recess is one of the few inexpensive, readily
available opportunities we have to get kids moving" ( Millner). The outdoors is the best place for children to burn calories, practice physical skills
and play. Research has even shown that children who are physically active in school are more likely to be physically active at home,

Potential Cardioprotective Effects Other than LDL Lowering
Potential Cardioprotective Effects Other than LDL Lowering
Cardioprotective effect of statins is ascribed by lowering LDL–C and improving the lipid profile as reflected in plasma cholesterol levels.
Statins and Endothelial Function
Vascular endothelium plays a role in both vasoconstriction and relaxation, while hypercholesterolemia by modulating arterial tone adversely affects this
process. However, endothelial function is improved by statin therapy due to production of the vasodilator nitric oxide.
Statins and Plaque Stability
The degree of rupture and thrombosis that is caused by plaques is more profound than the stenosis they cause. Plaque stability is affected by statin in a
variety of ways. They inhibit monocyte infiltration into the artery wall and also inhibit macrophage secretion of matrix metalloproteinases which
degrade extracellular matrix components and thus weaken the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaques in vitro.
Statins also by inhibiting proliferation of smooth muscle cells and enhancing apoptosis modulate the cellularity of the artery wall.
Statins and Coagulation
The most compelling evidence of a non–lipid–lowering effect of a statin is the rosuvastatin–mediated reduction in venous thromboembolic events, a
prespecified endpoint, in JUPITER. This trial demonstrated a 43% reduction in venous thromboembolic events in patients treated with rosuvastatin, 20
mg daily, compared with placebo during a median follow–up period of 1.9 years (Glynn et al., 2009).

The Importance Of Physical Activities
Research has shown that healthy habits established early in life, such as a balanced diet and participating in regular physical activity, may continue into
adolescence and adulthood, thereby reducing a person's risk of developing conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. This report investigates the
students at Ferny Grove State High School meet the guidelines recommended by the Australian Government. I achieved this by conducting a survey of
ten people in my class, and the data suggests that the majority of the people who participated in the survey didn't meet the guidelines. After evaluating
the data, I recommended that the students should less time doing sedentary activities, and more time doing physical activities.
This report will investigate whether the students at Ferny Grove State High School are meeting the guidelines recommended by the Australia's physical
activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for young people aged 13–17 years. A survey will be conducted, then the data will be evaluated and
compared to guidelines to see if the students are getting enough physical exercise. Recommendations will then be made on how the students can stay fit
and healthy. This report will also cover the importance of physical activity for adolescences, the need for intervention to increase physical activities
levels in Australia and national health strategies that aim to improve physical activity in Australia.
Main body
Importance of physical activity for young

Causes Of Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdo means striated, myo refers to muscle, and lysis is the breakdown of (Criddle, 2003). Rhabdomyolysis is a pathological condition that occurs
due to a direct or indirect muscle injury (Giannoglou, Chatzizisis, & Misirli, 2007). Following injury and cell damage, the leakage and release of toxic
intracellular material into the blood leads to serious complications like electrolyte abnormalities, acidosis, clotting disorders, hypovolemia, and kidney
failure (Criddle, 2003). After direct plasma membrane rupture, there is an increase in intracellular calcium and sodium, which the body responds by
activating several proteases, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, intensifying muscle cramps and pain, and may result in gradual muscle cell death ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The presence of a dark urine color is also a common symptom. The other half of the individuals with rhabdomyolysis may not be able to notice any
symptoms at all (Torres et al., 2015). When symptoms are apparent, doctors will be able diagnose by feeling and looking at the larger muscles of the
body, checking them for aches, pains, and tenderness. Muscle color, power, and size are informative physical cues as well. Doctors may find elevated
levels of creatine kinase, excess myglobin, potassium, and creatinine when collecting a urine sample to confirm the diagnosis of

Exercise Resistance And Exercise Dependence
Project #2: Exercise Resistance and Exercise Dependence
Hui–Hsuan Kuo
PUID: 00260–17117
1.Client Information –
Gender: Female
Age: 22 years old
BMI: 21.88 kg/m^2
Height: 1.6 m
Weight: 56 kg
Current physical activity: three times a week – including jogging, badminton, hula hoop or others.
2.The client studied for two years in college back in Malaysia before transferring to Purdue. According to her, they had mandatoryexercise course that
she had to take at that time. They have various selections for the course. The classes were twice a week and about 50 minutes per class period. She
choose dancing for her first year in college and badminton for her second year. During two years, she also went swimming or other exercise with
friends during weekends. After coming to Purdue, she perform exercise about three times a week. Though there is no longer course requirement for
exercising here at Purdue, she still want to keep a habit of exercising to shape her body. The usual physical activities she has are running, badminton or
playing with hula hoop. For the running and badminton, she exercises for about 30 minutes every time. She does hula hoop for at least 5 minutes every
time.
3.The client wants to burn more calorie by doing exercise. She believes that the food in United States have higher calorie compared to Malaysia, and
she has to exercise to get away the extra calories that she consumed. She sometimes has some cheat meals that higher her calorie intake, so she think

Case Study Tachycardia
Upon admission to the hospital A.R's vital signs were recorded. His blood pressure was 90/60 mmHg which is below the reference range and is
indicative of hypotension. This hypotension is due to blood loss from the trauma, resulting in a decreased blood volume and therefore decreased force
exerted by the blood against the vessel wall. A.R's heart rate was 130 beats/min which is above the reference range of 60–100 beats/min and is
indicative of tachycardia. Tachycardia is also due to blood loss from the trauma as heart rate increases in proportion to the volume of blood shed. This
can be seen on the ECG as a decreased R–R interval.
As mentioned previously by Zeriah, Rhabdomyolysis causes lysis of muscle cells which releases calcium and intracellular potassium ions into the
blood. This plus A.R's acute kidney injury compromises his kidneys ability to filter blood, meaning that the kidneys cannot excrete the excess
potassium ions leading to hyperkalemia. This is seen in AR's plasma biochemistry analysis which shows serum potassium increasing from 4.5mmol/L
at 6 hrs to 6.6 mmol/L at 36 hrs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the acute kidney injury, the kidneys cannot respond to this by releasing new bicarbonate into the bloodstream. Therefore, plasma levels of
bicarbonate decrease to 15 mmol/L (which are below the reference range) causing metabolic

Persuasive Essay About Teen Stress
In recent discussion, many Americans have been aware of teen stress. According to the New York post, millennials spend about 63 days of the
year stressed out and worried, according to new research. That's nearly 20 percent of teens in America. High school is the biggest cause of teen
stress coming from a teenager herself. Although I concede that that the best way to cope with teen stress is interacting with certain healthy
activities, I still insist the best way for teens to cope with stress is dependent on the teens interest with any activity, that can be considered healthy
or not to others. There are known to be many ways Teens can handle stress, the problem is what can be considered the "best" way. How we should
not enforce the same coping methods on every teen due to consider every person is different, and can potentially hurt more than help. Teenagers are
becoming stressed in their daily life activities because of school, work, family, and time management while still having a social life. Stress can be
resolved by activities teens find soothing or gives the brain a small break from their daily routine and responsibilities. On the USA today site, a blog
shows s survey on what teens use to relieve stress. Only about 37% of teens surveyed exercise or walk to manage stress; 28% play sports. Many more
choose what experts say are less healthy activities, including playing video games (46%) and spending time online (43%). A Teen spending time on
an activity that takes less focus and can put the brain at rest from daily responsibilities can be tough to find. During these young years one is trying to
find themselves with trying new things, not only sports. But other activities such as clubs, hobbies, and even reading are known to help different
teens. I think the percentage surveyed being so low for exercising is due to exercise not being for everybody. An activity should be enjoyable and not
labeled as "healthy" or "unhealthy".
With some teenagers trying to cope with stress, some may want to start exercising and working out for their first time. That can lead up to more stress
than reducing it. Teenagers still have developing bodies unlike adults, and can potentially hurt themselves. According to a report by

Dehoney And Wellein
The case study by Sarah Dehoney and Marlea Wellein focuses on rhabdomyolysis caused by Hydroxycut, a weight loss supplement. According to the
case study Rhabdomyolysis Associated with the Nutritional Supplement Hydroxycut, in 2004 it was reported that one fifth of Americans used dietary
supplements, and spent approximately thirty billion dollars a year on weight loss supplements. These supplements contain ephedra, creatine, and large
amounts of caffeine. These ingredients have been linked to cause rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is rare. The muscle tissue breaks down and releases
myoglobin in the blood. This can damage the kidneys. Some symptoms include dark urine, muscle aches, and weakness. Fewer than two hundred
thousand cases

The Positive Impacts of Exercise
This paper delves into the benefits of exercising for the purpose of physical health and emotional relief and relaxation, which has a positive impact on
the physical performance of people. Physical exercise has been known to mankind since the since the very first civilizations because of the benefits it
provides with the small amount of effort. Different exercises have been part of different societies, cultures and regions, based on awareness and
requirement of the people. Physical exercise not only boosts and elevates the health of people; it also has a positive effect on the behavior and moods
of people. It has been observed in the past, that people with better interest and involvement in physical exercises, seemed to live longer and enjoy a
more healthy life with less diseases and less obesity conditions. Physical health has been the ultimate goal of exercise since forever. Physical exercise
helps in burning calories over a period of time, depending on the intensity of the exercise. The reduction in calories reduces the weight of the body
by reducing fats, which eventually makes people more fit and healthy because the body can perform better as it requires pulling and managing less
amount of weight than before. On the other hand, lack of exercise leads to obesity and lethargic behavior, which is the main cause of many diseases
and a shorter life (Pratt, Macera & Wang, 2000). The efficient circulation of the blood, the process of sweating andmuscle development, all

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Mcardle 's Syndrome
McArdle 's Syndrome is a muscle metabolism disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the glycogen enzyme muscle phosphorylase (Quinlivan).
Muscle phosphorylase is the enzyme that breaks down glycogen during glycolysis. Without this enzyme, the body has a difficult time going through
anaerobic glycolysis and can cause an individual to experience intense muscle pains. It is estimated that 1 in every 100,000 people will get McArdle 's
Syndrome (Haller). McArdle 's Syndrome is a genetic disorder, so there is no preventing it. Even the unaffected child of an affected person will have
a 50% chance of being a carrier, which means they could pass it on to their own children (MartГn). Other common names for McArdle 's Syndrome are
Glycogen Storage disease type V (GSDV) and McArdle disease (MartГn, Quinlivan).
The symptoms of McArdle 's Syndrome were recognized about 65 years ago by Brian McArdle. In 1959, it was found that all these symptoms were
due to a glycogen phosphorylase deficiency in the muscles (Haller). Some of these symptoms include rapid fatigue, myalgia, and muscle cramps in
exercising muscles. These symptoms usually occur during the first 10 minutes of exercise. Muscle cramps are one of the major signs of McArdle 's
Syndrome. To prevent these muscle cramps, one should avoid high intensity and maximal aerobic exercise. Muscle weakness occurs in 25% of people
diagnosed with McArdle 's Syndrome and is more likely to involve proximal muscles and people over the age of 40.

Physical Activity Into My Life
For Project YOU, I decided this was an appropriate chance to affectively incorporate some physical activity into my life. As a Nutritional Sciences
student, I tend to eat a relatively healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. As former dancer and athlete, I enjoy exercise, but I seldom
"have time" to make exercising a priority. Recently, I had experienced weight basis in March from my own doctor at a gynecology appointment. When
I responded with, "I'm focused on dealing with my alcoholism right now", he still questioned my health status from my gradual increase in weight
over the years. Back in January, I initially tried to incorporate physical activity into my daily routine again and rejoined a gym that is a block away
from my house. I wanted to take my own advice and just go and walk for 20 minutes most days of the week. I wasn't aiming for anything crazy, just to
go and get some exercise, because some is better than none. I didn't actually go to the gym in January or February, but I had a membership and it was
on my mind, so that was an improvement.
I have been battling my inner voice telling me "you're fat" since I was in high school, dancing 3–4 hours a day, and had an eating disorder. I have spent
years hating my body, thinking, "if only I was ____ pounds lighter than I'd be happy. Still, some days it's still hard to love my body, but I look back on
the photos I of myself in high school and college (a 50–70 lbs lighter version of myself) and I wonder

Rhabdomyolysis Case Study
Infections were found to induce Rhabdomyolysis in patients with localized infections like erythema to patients with sepsis and no direct muscle
infection. Viral infections have been found in the development of Rhabdomyolysis like influenza A and B viruses. In 2009, Rhabdomyolysis associated
with influenza A/H1N1 was reported in a pediatric patient. The patient had showed symptoms of rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria, hyperkalemia,
cardiac dysfunction and compartment syndrome from this influenza A virus (Naruhiko et. al, 2009). The 8–year–old boy was admitted into the hospital
in November of 2009 with complaints of severe leg pain, hypotension, and hypothermia. Six days before prior to developing these symptoms, the
young boy had an onset of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Acute kidney injury have developed in 33% of patients suffering from this skeletal muscle syndrome (Torres et. al, 2015). Skeletal muscle tissues
release toxins that can cause buildup within the kidneys. The large amount of toxins that were accumulated within the kidneys are serum creatine kinase
, creatinine, potassium, and calcium as well as myoglobin (Chatzizisis et. al, 2008). The accumulation of myoglobin is nephrotoxic to the kidneys.
Hypovolemia is another factor that leads to renal hypo perfusion (Chatzizisis et. al, 2008). Baywater and Beall first discovered how Rhabdomyolysis
induce acute renal failure in 1941 after following the progress of 4 victims had developed acute renal failure in London in 1940. Some decades later,
they found out that nephrotoxic effect from myoglobin was released by muscle cells and was responsible for ruptured muscle cells (Chatzizisis et. al,
2008). About 10–40% were estimated in the cases of Rhabdomyolysis lead to acute renal failure (Chatzizisis et. al,

My First Experience When I Came To America
The day I stepped off the plane and landed in America, I knew that I'd have to face a great challenge. Being a first generation immigrant from Vietnam,
I would have to learn English as quickly as possible. Although I've arduously prepared for this transition by learning basic vocabulary and grammar in
my native country, I quickly realized that my practical aspect of using the language such as listening, conversing, pronunciation to be insufficient. By
immersing myself in an English–speaking world, I finally addressed my lingual deficiency within a year.
I've found that my experiences laboring through three year of medical school to be surprisingly similar to learning another language. Being surrounded
by patients, physicians and nurses at the beginning of my 3rd year, I quickly realized the vast amount of clinical knowledge that I have yet to master.
Consequently, I found that my learning rate is nowhere quicker than on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By interviewing and performing a physical exam on patients, I gained a deeper level of understanding of the natural history of many diseases. I
remembered how one of my patient immediately showing me his urine and back pain when we first met. As he mentioned that he fell in his
bathroom recently the night before, I felt as if I was putting together the last piece of a puzzle. His urine analysis further confirms my diagnosis of
rhabdomyolysis. After reading up on the disease, I know that I will remember what I have learned for a very long time. With the advent of our current
information technology, I believe that there has never been a better time to learn, practice and contribute to our vast body of knowledge that is
evidence–based medicine. I have an inquisitive mind; and as I physician I will strive to provide the best care possible for my patients using my own
knowledge as well as my colleagues and those who had come

Fenofibrate Case Studies
Fenofibrate is a member of the fibrate class of drugs, and is approved by the FDA for treating dyslipidemia via lowering triglycerides and increasing
high density lipoproteins. While fenofibrate is generally well tolerated, there are side effects, one of the more severe ones being myopathies of several
varieties, including myalgia, muscle cramps, and rhabdomyolysis.1 Rhabdomyolysis is defined as damage to striated muscle cells that results in their
contents being released into the extracellular fluid and circulation, which can lead to myoglobin being excreted in the urine, causing acute kidney
injury, failure, and even death if left untreated.2 Rhabdomyolysis is only rarely observed in patients undergoing fenofibrate therapy, and is often
present with confounding factors, calling into question the association.2(p927) However, Rhabdomyolysis is also a well known potential side effect of
statin drugs, so it is not out of the question that other lipid lowering drugs may have similar effects.1(p909) In this paper, we will look at the current
literature surrounding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She had started fenofibrate 250 mg monotherapy for her high lipids and candesartan silexitil + hydrocholorothyazide16/12.5 mg for hypertension four
weeks previously. Lab results were positive for urinary red blood cells, hemoglobin, and myoglobin, with plasma levels of creatinine, alanine
aminotransferase, aspartate aminotrasferase, creatinine kinase, creatinine kinase myocardial b, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen all
significantly elevated from normal.2(p927–928) Given significant markers of renal injury, she was admitted, the myoglobin and myalgia indicating
rhabdomyolysis as the possible cause. Tahmaz et al reported that hydration and discontinuation of the fenofibrate therapy caused her symptoms to cease
and her lab results to return to

The Crossfit Movement
What is CrossFit? According to the founder and CEO, Glassman defines CrossFit as:
CrossFit is constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity. All CrossFit workouts are based on functional movements, and these
movements reflect the best aspects of gymnastics, weightlifting, running, rowing and more. These are the core movements of life. They move the
largest loads the longest distances, so they are ideal for maximizing the amount of work done in the shortest time. Intensity is essential for results and
is measurable as work divided by time–or power. The more work you do in less time, or the higher the power output, the more intense the effort. By
employing a constantly varied approach to training, functional movements and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In spite of the fact that many don't think weightlifting correlates with CrossFit, Tia–Clair Toomey proves otherwise. Toomey not only has gone to the
CrossFit games, but the Summer Olympics in Rio. In the article Aussie CrossFit Star in Rio Weightlifting, Toomey stated that CrossFit and
Olympic Weightlifting have a mutual connection towards each other. This is important because people think that the two sports cannot relate, but
they do. It also shows that anyone can start CrossFit. Three years ago, Toomey started CrossFit and it shows how far one can go when they
believe in what they do. Inside the Cult of CrossFit is an article about why Crossfit is so popular yet so controversial at this time. The appeal of
CrossFit is that the workouts are short, intense, and always different. The author tried CrossFit for a month and wrote about his experience. His
experience included what you would find in a typical box: blaring rock/edm music, barbells clanking, and fellow CrossFitters struggling to finish the
WOD. The article was extremely real and it was very easy to relate to. For example, Stoddard recalls his experience as he tried the sport out. Stoddard
goes on to write about the disadvantages as well, which included rhabdomyolysis (CrossFitters call rhabdomyolysis Uncle Rhabdo). Uncle Rhabdo is
controversial topic in the CrossFit industry as well as often talked about. Even WebMD thinks that it is a big issue. WebMD states

Physical Literacy : Why Our Kids Need It And How They Can...
Zachary Fyfe
English 1250
December 11, 2015
Professor Schenkel
Kids and Active
"Leave all the afternoon for exercise and recreation, which are as necessary as reading; I will rather say more necessary, because health is worth
more than learning," by Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. The importance of exercising is critical, especially for the youth.
Without the proper amount of exercising, kids are at risk with for serious health problems like heart disease, and cancer. In the article Physical
Literacy: Why Our Kids Need It and How They Can Get It, Natalie Digate Muth explains that we lost sight of how recreational exercise and play help
children to become good students and to mature into healthy, productive, happy adults. I have been playing recreational sports my whole life and
even decided to pursue one of them into a career, and throughout the years of playing I have developed many skills not only in the sport itself, but in
life as well. These skills are like the ones Muth explains in her article about Physical Literacy.
"Physical literacy has three components that predict lifelong physical activity: ability, confidence and desire" (Muth 34). She believes that with these
three components, that kids will grow up to be active and grow into healthy mature adults. Kids who have the ability to do fundamental skills such as
running, jumping, skipping, throwing, hopping, and swimming, become active because they have the confidence in themselves.

Statin Research Paper
Statins (also known as 3–hydroxy–3–methylgutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are widely prescribed cholesterol–lowering drugs for the
treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Although they are considered to be drugs with a very good safety profile, there are many
concerns that their adverse effects might compromise their proven beneficial effects due to their extensive usage.
Even though more aggressive lipid lowering with potent statins in high doses can reduce rates of non–fatal events and need for interventions, the
incremental mortality benefits are still vague, and their use is associated with a higher rate of drug related adverse effects.
Common adverse effects
Clinical experience shows that statin therapy may be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several widely used statins (such as lovastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin) are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 pathway.
Co–administration of statins with cyclosporine, erythromycin, niacin or fibrates carries an increased risk for myopathy. Cyclosporin and erythromycin
interact with statins via the CYP3A4 pathway and by interfering with OAT1B1– a membrane transporter that helps regulate drug influx to the liver.
Certain drugs, such as calcium channel blockers, are considered weaker CYP3A4 inhibitors and appear to increase statin rhabdomyolysis risk to a
lower degree. Furthermore, grapefruit juice and pomegranate juice inhibit CYP3A4 and have been presumptively linked to statin rhabdomyolysis.
In conclusion, statins are the mainstay of lipid–lowering therapy, with multiple studies confirming that low–density lipoprotein reduction leads to
improvements in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adverse effects and interactions associated with their use are outweighed by their proven
benefits in clinical event

Understanding Rhabdomyolysis: Causes, Signs and Symptoms
Understanding the Syndrome, Complications, and Nursing Considerations
Introduction
Mild muscle pain can be a common side effect of physical means, such as intense workouts, over usage of muscle, and/or blocked blood vessels, or by
chemical means, such as toxins, heat or drugs. Oftentimes, people who experience muscle aches can easily pinpoint the cause due to their knowledge of
the stress, tension, or physical activity they have endured. Rhabdomyolysis, or dissolution of skeletal muscle, is a syndrome caused by injury to
skeletal muscle and involves the leakage of large quantities of potentially toxic intracellular contents into plasma (Muscal, 2013). In contrast to mild
muscle pain, Rhabdomyolysis, commonly known as 'Rhabdo', may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Process of Rhabdomyolysis
As previously stated Rhabdomyolysis can be caused from numerous injuries but it is ultimately the breakdown of muscle tissue that leads to life
threatening conditions such as Acute Renal Failure. The process of muscle breakdown leads to depletion of Adenosine Triphosphate, which is where
muscles receive their energy, and increased levels of potassium, creatine kinase, urate and myoglobin (Sauret, 2002). In addition to electrolyte
disturbances causing toxicity leading to the breakdown of muscle tissue, the increase number of neutrophils from the inflammatory process amplifies
muscle damage (Muscal, 2013). Acute Kidney Failure occurs because the increased levels of myoglobin, a large protein, that precipitates in the kidney
tubules leading to obstruction that eventually leads to necrosis (Sauret, 2002).
Causes of Rhabdomyolysis
Although there are myriad causes of Rhabdomyolysis, the most common causes include the usage of alcohol or illicit drugs, extreme muscle strain,
especially in someone who is an untrained athlete, a crush injury (e.g. auto accident, fall, or building collapse), long–lasting muscle compression, and/or
the use of drugs (e.g. corticosteroids or statins, especially when given in high doses). (Muscal, 2013).
Trauma–related events that are particularly likely to lead to

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