2nd Year PBBSc Nursingcommunity Health Nursing Introduction to community health Unit I: Introduction Introduction to community health - concepts, principles and elements of primary health care. Introduction to community health nursing. Concepts of community health nursing - community nursing process. Objectives, scope & principles of community health nursing. Questions: Community health nursing: Definition, objectives, scope, concept, principles CH Nursing process: Definition, steps Primary health care: definition, concepts, principles and elements Community health nursing: Definitions: health, disease Community: A group of people who share common interests, who interact with each other, and who function collectively within a defined social structure to address common concerns Public Health (old name): Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort Community Health: it refers to the healthy status of the member of the community to solve the problems affecting their health and to the totality of a health care provided for the community Community health nursing: applied in promoting and preserving the health of populations. Concept Community health nursing: The client or “unit of care” is the population. The greatest good for the greatest number of people. Working with the client(s) as an equal partner. Primary prevention - priority – appropriate actions Healthy environmental, social, & economic Mutual respect and co – operation - IPR Focus on the population and sub populations Concept community health nursing: Specific activity or service. Optimal use of available resources Involvement of different professionals Caring relationships and partnerships with families & communities. People are essential participants Focus on empowerment of families & community. Allows the communities & families acquire skills & knowledge Objectives Community health nursing: To identify health needs and priorities To increase the capability of community to deal with their own health problems To strengthen community resources To control and counteract environment To provide MCH To provide clinics for minor ailments, To referral of major illness To give health education To provide facilities for family planning To promote the use of local health services To teach and demonstrate healthy ways of living To prevention and control of communicable disease & Non – communicable diseases To promote the health of school children through health services. To promote the health of the worker - occupational health To Maintain and promote the health of the elderly & handicapped To Work with Govt & NGO Points to remember Objectives of CHN: To Identify health problems To Prevent diseases To Promote health To Cure (treat) diseases To maintain Environment To provide HCS - High risk: women, child, old age, handicapped To provide School health To provide Occupational health To provide R

1. 2nd Year PBBSc Nursing
community Health Nursing
Introduction to community health
By : M. Thiru murugan

2. Unit I: Introduction
 Introduction to community health - concepts,
principles and elements of primary health care.
 Introduction to community health nursing.
 Concepts of community health nursing -
community nursing process.
 Objectives, scope & principles of community
health nursing.

3. Questions:
Community health nursing: Definition, objectives,
scope, concept, principles
CH Nursing process: Definition, steps
Primary health care: definition, concepts, principles
and elements
Community health nursing:
Definitions: health, disease
Community: A group of people who share common
interests, who interact with each other, and who
function collectively within a defined social structure to
address common concerns

4.  Public Health (old name): Science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting
health and efficiency through organized community
effort
 Community Health: it refers to the healthy status
of the member of the community to solve the
problems affecting their health and to the totality of a
health care provided for the community
 Community health nursing: applied in promoting
and preserving the health of populations.

5. Concept Community health nursing:
The client or “unit of care” is the population.
The greatest good for the greatest number of
people.
Working with the client(s) as an equal partner.
Primary prevention - priority – appropriate actions
Healthy environmental, social, & economic
Mutual respect and co – operation - IPR
Focus on the population and sub populations

6. Concept community health nursing:
Specific activity or service.
Optimal use of available resources
Involvement of different professionals
Caring relationships and partnerships with
families & communities.
People are essential participants
Focus on empowerment of families & community.
Allows the communities & families acquire skills &
knowledge

7. Objectives Community health nursing:
• To identify health needs and priorities
• To increase the capability of community to deal with their
own health problems
• To strengthen community resources
• To control and counteract environment
• To provide MCH
• To provide clinics for minor ailments,
• To referral of major illness
• To give health education
• To provide facilities for family planning

8. • To promote the use of local health services
• To teach and demonstrate healthy ways of living
• To prevention and control of communicable disease & Non
– communicable diseases
• To promote the health of school children through health
services.
• To promote the health of the worker - occupational health
• To Maintain and promote the health of the elderly &
handicapped
• To Work with Govt & NGO

9.  Points to remember Objectives of CHN:
 To Identify health problems
 To Prevent diseases
 To Promote health
 To Cure (treat) diseases
 To maintain Environment
 To provide HCS - High risk: women, child, old age, handicapped
 To provide School health
 To provide Occupational health
 To provide Referral
 To give Health education
 To provide Family planning
 To maintain Records & reports

10. Home care/Domiciliary
Nursing home / clinics
School health nursing
RCH/MCH
Family planning
Industrial nursing services
Mental health nursing services
Geriatric nursing services
Rehabilitation services
Scope Community health nursing:

11. The scope of community health nursing includes health promotion,
illness prevention and restoration of health of individuals, families
and communities
The scope of nursing is wide; there is still a much wider scope for a
nurse.
Nurse can work in different place, such as home care, nursing home,
school health center, old age home, industries.
Family Planning
Industrial Nursing Services
Mental Health Nursing Services
Geriatric Nursing Services
Rehabilitation Services
Home Care (Or) Domiciliary Services
Nursing Home / Clinics
School Health Nursing
RCH/MCH

12. Home Care (Or) Domiciliary Services: Community health nurses
(CHN) provides health services at home.
Nursing Home / Clinics: organizing & Providing health services
for minor disorders and health assessment.
School Health Nursing: identifying the problems of school
children, assessment of health status, nutritional status, risk
behavior and providing services.
RCH/MCH: identifying the needs and demands of reproductive
age girls, mother and child & preventing illness, promoting health.
Family Planning: through family planning services like supply of
contraceptives and creating awareness the population can be
controlled

13. Industrial Nursing Services: providing health services to the
workers at factory and industries through periodical examination,
prevention of occupation health hazards, treatment & health
education
Mental Health Nursing Services: creating awareness about the
mental illness among community peoples in order to remove the
misconception
Geriatric Nursing Services: understating, assessing (checking),
assisting (helping), promoting(improving) and supporting services
for old age
Rehabilitation Services: providing health services to long
suffering peoples and help them to restore ( bring back to normal).

14.  Principles Community health nursing:
 Based on the needs of the community.
 Follow ethics
 Assists the family or community
 Integration health nursing services.
 Available to all without any difference.
 Must be continuous.
 Professional relationship & Should not accept any gift or bribes
 Health services should be realistic
 Individual and family member’s participation in decision
making.
 Proper evaluation
 create an awareness
 Proper records and reports are essential.

15. Community health nursing Nursing process:
Definition: systematic process for assessing health status,
diagnosing health care needs, formulating plan of care,
providing care & evaluating the effectiveness of the plan.
Purposes:
 To maintain optimal wellness
 To identify health problems
 To make effective planning
 To provide quality care
 To check the result or outcome

16. Community health nursing Nursing process - Steps:
Nursing
process
Assessment
Nursing
diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

17.  1. Community Assessment:
• Health status
• Assessment: data collection & health assessment
• Data collection: Subjective or objective
• Health assessment: head to foot for all the members of family
 2. Nursing Diagnosis:
• Based on health problems & complaints
• Identifies the client’s health status and formulates nursing diagnosis
• Nursing diagnosis is “a clinical judgment about an individual, family or
community response to actual or potential health problem
• Nursing diagnosis includes: Classification into specific categories,
socioeconomic health status, Physiological, Psychological, nutritional &
others
• NANDA
• 3 types of diagnosis 1.Actual, 2.High risk (Potential), 3.Wellness

18. 3. planning:
• Preparation of nursing care.
• It includes primary, secondary and tertiary preventive actions
 Consists of 6 basic tasks
1. Prioritizing nursing interventions
2.Developing goals and objectives
3.Establish criteria to achieve goals
4.Alternative actions
5. Specific statement of actions
6.Planning evaluation: Plan how to evaluate outcomes, what
data, how to collect

19. 4.Implementation: Organizing and carrying out the plan of care
Intervention scheme: it is four categories of nursing interventions to
direct the development of nursing care plan:
• 1. Health teaching, 2. Guidance, 3. Counseling, 4. Surveillance
• Implement the plan and identify the most appropriate plan
• Designating responsibility for implementation
• Assign those responsible for carrying out the planned interventions
• They should have the authority to perform activities
• Delegation
• Referrals
• Providing an environment for implementation, Resources (time,
personnel and equipment's), Comfort (physical and psychological),
Client’s safety, Carrying out the planned activities

20. 5. Evaluation:
• It is “systematic comparison of clients’ health status with the
outcomes
• Evaluation of nursing care and Activities & Feedback and
modification of nursing care plan
• Possible decisions based on evaluative findings: Interventions
effective and objectives were met
• Objectives were not met and another approach should be tried
• Should not make any changes in quality of performance
• Documentation of nursing process

21.  Primary healthcare:
Definition:
o Primary healthcare (PHC) refers to "essential health care"
that is based on "scientifically sound and socially acceptable,
which make universal health care accessible to all
individuals and families in a community. It is through their
full participation and at a cost that the community and the
country can afford.

22. Primary health care
Health services
Food security and nutrition
Rehabilitation and social services
Mental health and psycho-social support
Water sanitation and hygiene
Health promotion, behaviour change & communication
Prevention, vaccinations, screening
The Primary Health Care Concept:

23. PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE:
1. Equitable distribution of health care
2. Community participation
3. Focus on prevention
4. Use of appropriate technology
5. Multi-sectional approach

24. PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE:
1. Equitable distribution of health care: equal distribution of
health services to all without any differences ( rich or poor, urban or
rural)
2. Community participation: The involvement of individuals,
families, and communities in promotion of their own health
3. Focus on prevention: Prevention is the main strategy of primary
health care. Community health nurses focus on health promotion
and health maintenance activities.
4. Use of appropriate technology: use of advanced technology
according to the trends and the modern development.
5. Inter-sectoral coordination: PHC involves in addition to the
health sector all related sectors like agriculture, animal husbandry,
food, industry, education, housing, public works, communication &
voluntary agencies.

25. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods
of identifying, preventing and controlling them.
Locally endemic disease prevention and control.
Expanded programme of immunization against major
infectious diseases.
Maternal and child health care including family planning
Essential drugs arrangement
Nutritional food supplement, an adequate supply of safe and basic
nutrition.
Treatment of communicable and non-communicable disease and
promotion of mental health
Safe water and sanitation.
• Essential Elements of Primary Health Care (PHC):

26. Role of Community health nurses in primary health care:
 Patient care
 Health promotion
 Illness prevention
 Antenatal and postnatal care
 Child and family health nursing
 Treatment and care of sick people
 Rehabilitation and palliation
 Community development
 Population and public health
 Education and research
 Policy development and advocacy.