2nd Year PBBSc Nursingcommunity Health Nursing Health Education & Communication UNIT IV: Health Education Aims, concepts and scope of health education. National plan for health education Communication techniques Methods and media for health education programmes Planning for health education & role of nurse Health education has its origin during the ancient period when principles of disease prevention and health promotion were advocated and practiced. Health education information at that time was communicated by face interaction. Rather, principles of healthful living were integrated with culture and religious practices of a society. Currently, health education is formal in its approach need to follow some guidelines. It is institutionalized and is organized within the health care delivery system. It began with the establishment of health centers in rural and urban areas Emphasis was given on preventive, promotive and curative aspects of health. Definition: Health education is a process that informs, motivates and helps the people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed. (teaching the peoples about health related matters) AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION: To provide teaching on health matters To motivate for learning regarding health To improve knowledge and skill To create awareness To encourage people to adopt and maintain a healthy life style To promote the proper use of health services To stimulate for active participation in health services CONCEPTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION: Changing human behavior Prevention of disease Promotion of healthy lifestyles; Modification of individual behavior to modification of “social environment” Community participation to community involvement Promotion of individual to Promotion of community Self reliance Informing people Motivating people Guiding into action Primary Health Care Approach Principles of health education: SCOPE OF HEALTH EDUCATION: Human biology: Anatomy and physiology, Importance of health & Effect of smoking, drinking and drugs on the body Nutrition: Balanced diet, Nutritive value of food stuffs, Diet for pregnant and lactating mothers and others, Food sanitation, Nutrition deficiencies disease and there prevention & Motivation of good eating habits Hygiene (personal and environmental): Personal hygiene, Environmental hygiene & Food hygiene Mental health: Preventive measures against mental disorder & Guidance and counselling Prevention of disease and accidents: Prevention of communicable, Non communicable disease Ex- D.M., C.H.D, Useful information about road safety, Knowledge about accidents & industrial Education regarding self screening measures Utilization of health services: To Inform the community about available health services, voluntary agencies, motivate them to participate in national health programme Family planning & maternal and child health: Planned and unplanned family, Immunization of pregnant women, Growth and

1. 2nd Year PBBSc Nursing
community Health Nursing
Health Education & Communication
By : M. Thiru murugan

2. UNIT IV:
Health Education
Aims, concepts and scope of health education.
National plan for health education
Communication techniques
Methods and media for health education
programmes
Planning for health education & role of nurse

3.  Health education has its origin during the ancient period when
principles of disease prevention and health promotion were advocated
and practiced.
 Health education information at that time was communicated by face
interaction.
 Rather, principles of healthful living were integrated with culture and
religious practices of a society.
 Currently, health education is formal in its approach need to follow
some guidelines.
 It is institutionalized and is organized within the health care delivery
system.
 It began with the establishment of health centers in rural and urban
areas
 Emphasis was given on preventive, promotive and curative aspects of
health.

4. Definition: Health education is a process that informs, motivates
and helps the people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and
lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed.
(teaching the peoples about health related matters)
AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION:
 To provide teaching on health matters
 To motivate for learning regarding health
 To improve knowledge and skill
 To create awareness
 To encourage people to adopt and maintain a healthy life style
 To promote the proper use of health services
 To stimulate for active participation in health services

5. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION:
 Changing human behavior
 Prevention of disease
 Promotion of healthy lifestyles;
 Modification of individual behavior to modification of “social
environment”
 Community participation to community involvement
 Promotion of individual to Promotion of community
 Self reliance
 Informing people
 Motivating people
 Guiding into action
 Primary Health Care Approach

6.  Principles of health education:

7.  SCOPE OF HEALTH EDUCATION:
 Human biology: Anatomy and physiology, Importance of health &
Effect of smoking, drinking and drugs on the body
 Nutrition: Balanced diet, Nutritive value of food stuffs, Diet for
pregnant and lactating mothers and others, Food sanitation, Nutrition
deficiencies disease and there prevention & Motivation of good eating
habits
 Hygiene (personal and environmental): Personal hygiene,
Environmental hygiene & Food hygiene
 Mental health: Preventive measures against mental disorder &
Guidance and counselling
 Prevention of disease and accidents: Prevention of communicable,
Non communicable disease Ex- D.M., C.H.D, Useful information about
road safety, Knowledge about accidents & industrial Education
regarding self screening measures

8.  Utilization of health services: To Inform the community about
available health services, voluntary agencies, motivate them to
participate in national health programme
 Family planning & maternal and child health: Planned and
unplanned family, Immunization of pregnant women, Growth and
development of child, depression etc, Use of contraceptives & To
strengthen and improve the health of family as a unit rather than as an
individual
 Sex education: Sex education helps people gain the information, skills
and motivation to make healthy decisions about sex and sexuality.
 Health statistics: Health habits, Safety rules, Basic of disease &
preventive measures, Proper use of health services, Special education
for groups (food handlers, occupations, mothers, school health etc.) &
Principles of healthy life style e.g. sleep, exercise Etc...

9. National plan for health education
The plan for health education takes place different levels in our
country. It is based on health care delivery system in India. It is
planned central, state, districts and local levels. The experts in
particular field of education and administration has involving in
national plan. The health departments and higher official playing
important role for National plan for health education.
Central Health Education Bureau (CHEB):
Central Health Education Bureau (CHEB) is an apex institute
created in 1956 under the Directorate General of Health Services
(DGHS) Ministry of Health & Family welfare, Govt. of India.
Formed on the recommendation of the Bhore committee and the
Planning commission

10.  Functions:
 Interpret the plans, programmes and achievements of the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare.
 Design, guide and conduct research in health Behaviour, health
education processes and aids.
 Produce and distribute ‘proto-type’ health promotion and education
material in relation to various health problems and programmes in
country
 Provide guidelines for the organizational setup, functioning of health
education units at the state, district and other levels.
 Render technical help to official and nonofficial agencies engaged in
health education and health promotion and coordinate their
programme.
 Collaborating with international agencies in promoting health education
activities

11.  Divisions:
 Health Promotion & Education Division
 Media & Editorial Division
 Health Promotion & Education Division
 School & Adolescent Health Education Division
 Training, Research & Evaluation Division
 Administrative Division
 IEC Bureau:
 Since health education of the various social groups of population can
be taken by state Govts, a scheme was formulated in 1958 for the
establishment of State health education bureau with central assistance.
 The State health education bureau is called Information Education
Communication Bureau (IEC).

12.  Health Educators:
 Certifies health education specialists (HES), promotes professional development,
and strengthens professional preparation and practice.
 Certified HES are re-certified every five years based on documentation of
participation in 75 hours of approved continuing education activities
 Lay workers learn on the job to do specific, limited educational tasks to
encourage healthy behaviour.
 School teachers, parents, Social worker, known to unknown Community leaders
& influential
 National planning cycle for health education:
 Assess the needs and priority
 Develop goals and objectives
 Find the areas and opportunities
 Planning and preparation of health education programme and AV Aids
 Implementation : Individual , group, Mass
 Evaluation

13.  COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES:
 Definition: Communication is sharing of ideas, information, opinion and
feelings from one person to other person or group.
 Purpose:
 Exchanging information regarding health.
 Maintenance of health records and to receive correct reports.
 Maintaining continuous public contact.
 Publicizing health policies, actions and activities and to remove any
rumors.
 Obtaining feedback from community or health workers.
 Making health education effective.
 Ensuring public participation in health programmes.
 Encouraging cooperation ,coordination good personal relations among
health workers

14.  Process of communication: The communication process refers to a
series of actions or steps taken in order to successfully communicate. The
overall goal of the communication process is to present an individual or
party with information and have them understand it.
Process of Communication

15. Sender: This is the person that is delivering a message to a
recipient.
Encoding: sender develops an idea, they translate it into a form that
can be transmitted to someone
Message: This refers to the information that the sender is relaying to
the receiver.
Channel of communication: This is the transmission or method of
delivering the message.
Decoding: This is the interpretation of the message. Decoding is
performed by the receiver.
Receiver: The receiver is the person who is getting or receiving the
message.
Feedback: In some instances, the receiver might have feedback or
a response for the sender. This starts an interaction.

16. Principles of communication:
Communication should have conviction (strong belief).
Should be appropriate to situation.
Should have objective & purpose.
Should promote total achievement of purpose.
Should represent personality & individuality of the
communicator.
Should be oriented to the interest or need of the receiver.
Should be familiar & seek attention.
Credibility (worthy of trust) very important in communication

17.  Types of communication:
 I. Based on channels:
 Verbal: oral, written
 Non verbal
 II. Based on style and purpose:
 Formal:
 Vertical: Downward and Up ward
 Horizontal: same level
 Diagonal communication: both upward and downward
 Informal: among friends
 Grapevine (rumours, gossips)
 Level of communication:
 Intra personal – self talk
 Interpersonal – in-between the peoples

18. Effective communication technique:
Have clarity in idea
Use two way communication
Have adequacy of the message
Use appropriate language & symbols by the use of words.
Be a good listener.
Be sensitive to the receiver’s needs, feelings & perception.
Effective sources:
Clear message
Good channel
Interested receiver
Good IPR

19.  METHODS AND MEDIAS OF HEALTH EDUCATION:
 Methods of health education:
 The way of providing or the techniques used for providing health
education are called methods of health education
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH:
* PERSONAL CONTACT
*HOME VISIT
*PERSONAL LETTER
GROUP APPROACH:
*LECTURE
*DEMONSTRATION
*GROUP DICUSSION
*PANEL DICUSSION
*SYMPOSIUM
*CONFERENCE
*SEMINAR
*ROLE PLAY
MASS APPROACH:
*T.V RADIO
*NEWS PAPER
*PRINT MATERIAL
*DIRECT MAILING
*POSTERS
*EXHIBITIONS
*FOLK METHOD
*INTERNET
methods of health education

20. Methods in health education:
1) Individual Approach:
The health education must first create an atmosphere of
friendship and allow the individual to talk as much as possible. In
this individual teaching we can discuss, argue and persuade the
individual to change his behaviour. But by this we can reach to a
small population and who come in contact with us.
2) Group Approach: Group teaching is an effective way of
educating the community.
a) Chalk & Talk (Lecture): A lecture may be defined as carefully
prepared oral presentation of facts organized thoughts and ideas
by a qualified person. The group should not be more than 30 and
talk should not exceed 15-20 minutes. By using suitable
audiovisual aids.

21. b) Demonstration: A demonstration is a carefully prepared
presentation to show how to perform a skill. This procedure is
carried out step by step before an audience in a laboratory or
suitable place.
c) Group Discussion: For effective group discussion the group
should comprise not less than 6 and not more than 12 members.
There should be a group leader who initiate the subject and
encourage everyone to participate and sum up the discussion in the
end. There must be a recorder who prepares a report on the issues
discussed.
d) Panel Discussion: In a panel discussion 4-8 qualified persons
talk about the topic. Sit and discuss a given topic in front of a large
group/audience. The chairman opens the meeting. Panel
comprises of a chair person and 4-8 speakers. After the main
aspects of the subject are explored, the audience is invited to take
part.

22.  e) Symposium: It is a series of speeches on a selected subject. Each
expert person present it briefly and at the end of session the chair person
makes a comprehensive summary. Audience are allowed to raise question
 f) Workshop: It consists of series of meetings usually 4 or more with
emphasis on an individual work, within the group and with the help of
consultants and response personnel.
 g) Role Playing: This is a brief acting out of an actual situation for the benefit
of the audience for better understanding.
 h) Conference and Seminar: These programmes are usually held on a
regional, state/national level. Where several experts from different disciplines
meet to deliberate on a particular theme, to appraise others of latest
knowledge and research in a particular field.
 3. Mass approach: Mass media are a “one way” communication. They are
helpful in transmitting messages to people even in the remote places by TV,
Radio, Internet, Newspaper, Printed material. Direct mailing, poster, health
museum exhibition and folk media.

23.  Medias of health education: or Audiovisual Aids: The media or devices or equipments or tools
are used for effective health education are called media of health education. No health education
can be effective without audiovisual aids. They help to simplify the unfamiliar concepts.
 Auditory Aids – radio, tape recorder, microphone, amplifiers, earphone
 Visual Aids – Chalk board, leaflet, posters, charts etc Slides, film strips
 Combined AV Aids –TV, Sound films, Slide-tape combination
Audio Aids:
- Radio
- Tape recorder
- Gramophone
- Linguaophone
- Audio CD
- Language laboratory
Visual Aids:
- Chart
- Picture
- Models
- Flannel board
- Text book
- Flash card
- Slide projector
- Transparency aids
- Maps
- Black & white boards
Audio Visual Aids:
- LCD projectors
- Film projecttors
- TV
- Computors
- VCD player
- Virtual class rooms
- Multi media
classification of AV Aids

24.  Planning for health education and Role of nurse:
• Planning for health education is very essential to provide effective teaching
on health topic
• It should be planned based on peoples level of knowledge
• It should be planned based on locality of the peoples
• It should be planned based on the culture, customs and religion
• Meeting the primary health centre staff.
• Identification and selection of health problems for health education,
• Keeping in view priority
• Availability of facilities,
• Feasibility of solving problems,
• Barriers in the programme and
• Identification of leaders of the community.
• Meeting with leaders and discussion of problems identified,

25. • Preparation of outline plan of action
• conducting baseline survey with the help of leaders
• Analyses of data.
• Group meeting with community to feedback results to feedback results of
survey and decide on plan of action;
• Available community resources
• Venue/ dates/ timing/ of programme according to the convenience of the
community
• Responsibilities of community members
• Evaluation of effectiveness of programme
• Selection, collection or preparation of necessary audio-visual materials for
health education programme.
• Orientation of leaders
• Implementation of health education programme
• Follow-up by necessary service facilities

26. ROLE OF NURSE IN HEALTH EDUCATION:
 Gain the confidence of people
 Arouse the interest in people about good health
 Motivate them to bring about changes in habits in healthy living
 Develop sense of responsibility among people towards good health of the whole
community
 Motivate or encourage them to use of health services
 Co-operative feeling
 Select the subject matter according to need Nurses role/responsibilities as a health
educator
 Use appropriate audio-visual aids
 Use opportunities of health education wisely
 It should be planned and continuous and implementation based on resources
 Nurses should come forward and take Sufficient participation and cooperation of
government and voluntary agencies is essential for health education
 Effective communication should be maintained