2. • Historically a city of 7 islands with
fishing villages. Land owned by the
Sultan of Gujarat, who succumbed to
the Portuguese in 1534
• Portuguese presented it as dowry
to the British in 1662
• The most important trading centre
for the British in India
• Reclaimed land to form the urban
agglomeration - Greater Mumbai
• 1863 - development of the largest
Port in India for cotton trade -
handles 40% of India’s total foreign
trade today
• Developed as one of the biggest
industrial complex on mainland Asia -
textiles, chemicals etc
• Financial Capital of India
MUMBAI : BACKGROUND
3. Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Plan (1996 – 2011)
• First Regional Plan for the
Mumbai Metropolitan Region was
published in 1973
• MMRDA undertook revision of
the Regional Plan taking into
account the changes occurring in
the population, economy and
physical developments
• The existing land use survey was
carried out using remote sensing
techniques
• Multi-purpose Household Survey,
which also included houseless and
institutional population, provides
valuable data on household
profiles and living conditions of the
people. All the spatial and attribute
data were organised under a GIS
4. RAILWAY CORRIDORS:
• Western Railway
• Central Railway
• Harbour line
TRANSPORT and EMPLOYMENT
FORT/CBD
BANDRA-
KURLA
COMPLEX
NAVI
MUMBAI
EMPLOYMENT CENTRES
• Fort (formal sector employment – 55.7%
in 1990 a decline from 71.8% in 1980)
• Bandra Kurla Complex
• Navi Mumbai
• Informal sector - 68% of total
employment in the city
7. CAPITAL PRODUCTION/
LABOUR MARKET
GLOBALISATION URBANISATION
1. ECONOMIC
RESTRUCTURING
2. PRESSURE FOR
INSTITUTIONAL
CHANGE
3. NEW MARKET
DEMANDS – IMPORTS &
EXPORTS
1. POPULATION
INCREASE
2. PRESSURE FROM
MIGRATION
3. NEW DEMANDS FOR
SERVICES AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
INTERNATIONAL - DEVELOPMENT FOCUS ON URBAN AREAS
NATIONAL / CENTRAL -
• ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING
• SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN
STATE AND CITY -
• GLOBAL PROFESSIONALS / ELITES - HOUSING, TRANSPORT, SERVICES,
LIFESTYLE
• POLITICAL / CULTURAL IDEOLOGY
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
URBAN POVERTY
8. From Other States -
• Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra
Pradesh for film industry,
construction labourers
• South India for jewellery making /
restaurant business
• Gujarat for stock broking / trade
• Skilled workers
International -
• Professionals
• Refugees / asylum seekers from
neighbouring countries
URBANISATION AND MUMBAI
MIGRATION PATTERNS
From Hinterland -
• coastal regions of Maharashtra for mechanisation of production
9. 1996 MMRDA PLAN:
• Abolished the bulk land acquisition policy
• Recommended market capitalising land and taxation policies
The MMRDA in its Draft Regional Plan for 1996-2011 stated:
"Mumbai will have to respond to the changing circumstances
to achieve its own economic recovery. Mumbai can also act as
the focal point in the process of the globalisation of the Indian
economy…. develop Mumbai into a finance and business
node for international level of operations."
1973 PLAN
• Employment benefits and infrastructure provision reaching a
larger section of society
• Bulk land acquisition policy was designed to control speculative
development and offer resources for the provision of infrastructure
SHIFTING PRIORITIES
10. SPATIAL RESTRUCTURING
• Shift in orientation of policies -
• Move from bulk land acquisition to market capitalising
land and taxation policies
• Relaxation of land zoning regulations
• Transport infrastructure - MUTP project, highways,
expressways etc
• Business districts - Bandra-Kurla complex, Navi Mumbai -
software park etc
• Housing projects - redevelopment of Parel - the derelict
Textile mill land, slum upgrading, resettlement etc
• Lifestyles for the elites - shopping malls, recreation parks,
bowling clubs etc
11. GLOBALISATION URBANISATION
Urban turned Global
Fundamentally
Global
Urban declined
Re-emerging as Global
Urban unaffected
by Global
THEMATIC TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT
• Powai
• Seawoods
• Mill Lands• Resettlement
• Slums / Gaothan
• Chawls
12. TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT ENCLAVES
Fundamentally
Global
• Global professionals living in
self-sufficient mixed use
complex
Urban turned
Global
• Migrants resettled in a
neighbourhood facilitated for
the World Bank-MUTP project
Urban declined
Re-emerging
as Global
• Exodus of Mill workers;
decline in textile manufacturing;
closing down of mills in 1980’s;
the derelict land is sold to
developers for luxury housing
and up-market entertainment
complexes
Urban
unaffected by
Global
• The gaothans and squatter
settlements have been the
melting pot for every kind of
migrant coming to Mumbai.
They are also a base for
informal sector production.
Since 2005, global effects have ordered new
patterns – SEZs, Redevelopment, Special
Townships etc
15. MUMBAI’S ECONOMY
• International - Imports / exports, transnational networks - leather, gold, films
• National - Contribution to India’s GDP -
• 33% of income tax, 60% of custom duties, 20% of central excise duties
• City port handles 40% of foreign trade
• 20% of total employment in India’s organised industry
• Textile industry accounts for 31% of India’s looms
• Regional - 40% of State Domestic product (SDP)
• Transport networks - freight, railways, airways
• Classification by industry and services
• Manufacturing: textiles, synthetic fibre, rubber, plastics, pharmaceuticals,
chemicals, fertilisers
• Banking, Insurance, Business & financial services
• New ventures - Call centres, off shore banking centers, software development for
overseas companies - competing with Bangalore and Hyderabad for the IT sector
17. Table 8: Sectoral Employment in Mumbai
Employed in 1980 1990
Trade, finance, services 52.1 64.3
Manufacturing sector 36.0 28.5
Others 11.9 7.2
The Island city 71.8 55.7
Source: TIFR, 1999
The inner circle for the Island City, the remainder for the rest of Greater Mumbai
Source: TIFR, 1999
SECTORAL EMPLOYMENT IN MUMBAI
Informal sector accounts for 68% of employment in the city
23. Mumbai Metropolitan Region: Area and Population
•AREA (Sq. Km.) 468 4355
• Population (in million) 11.90 4.468
(Census 2001 )
• Villages (1991) Nil 982
• Municipal Corporations 16
(December 2001)
• Municipal Councils Nil 13
(December 2001)
• Factories in June 1997 7,153 4,267
• Factories Employment
in 1997 (in '000) 401 196
•Industrial Value Added
1996-97 (Rs. in million) 69,390 77,748
Gr. Mumbai Rest MMR
Island City + Suburban
24. Minimum INFORMATION provided by any Developer in Mumbai for a Project:
1 VISION STATEMENT
2 BASE MAP DRAWING (Dwg format and print)
3 GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION (GR) for Special Townships in MMR
4 MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1996-2001
5 Notifications of MoEF (Delhi) for CRZ and EIA
6 UDPFI Guidelines – part
7 National Building Code 2005 – part
8 Area calculation of site extents for Concept Master Plan
