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10. Classroom Observation by Meloche
(2013)
ďźPicking a focus and planning the observation
ďźThe planning conference
ďźThe observation
ďźPlanning for and holding the reflective conference
ďźSynthesis of learning
13. Psychometric Approach
⢠Concerns with quantitative results
⢠Employs experiments, statistical test, and control
groups
⢠Often uses to measure the improvement of studentsâ
test scores after being exposed to a different teaching
method
14. Interaction Analysis
Approach
⢠Used to study spontaneous teaching behaviour and used
in projects which attempt to help teachers modify their
behaviour.
⢠In recent years, a much greater role has been attributed
to interactive features of classroom behaviors, such as
turn-taking, questioning and answering, negotiation of
meaning, and feedback
15. Purposes of Interaction
Analysis Approach
⢠Developing skill in observation of teaching
⢠Providing a tool for the analysis of teaching
⢠Providing a tool for feedback
⢠Setting framework for practicing and learning
16. Discourse Analysis
Approach
⢠Educational researchers using discourse analysis as a
method/tool of inquiry to wrestle with questions of
context, definitions of âtext,â and notions of
discourse
⢠It has contributed to a growth in awareness of the
internal formal structure and functional purpose of
the verbal classroom interaction
17. ⢠It explores key contributions in the study of discourse,
including how underlying social systems shape
interaction, how identities are constructed in and
through talk, the relationship between interaction and
learning in both formal and informal educational
contexts, and how embodiment, multimodality, and
virtual spaces offer new sites of analysis
18. Analytical Units Employed in L2
Discourse Analysis
⢠Structural units
i.e. utterance, turn, etc
⢠Functional units
i.e. repetition, expansion, etc
20. ⢠Ethnographic research is often applied in research on
the classroom âcultureâ or some other aspect of
studentsâ learning experience
⢠Classroom ethnography emphasizes the sociocultural
nature of teaching and learning processes, and
behaviour.