109541595 sonalika-tractors-ltd

A Practical Report OF Training taken at
INTERNATIONAL TRACTOR LIMITED
Chak-Gujran (Hoshiarpur)
PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
In partial fulfillment of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
( SESSION 2009-10 )
Submitted to: Submitted by:
MR. V P SINGH NAVEEN SHARMA
GM (TRAINING CENTRE) 80403114027
DUSHYANT KUMAR
80403114012
ISHAN ANAND
80403114015
BABA ISHER SINGH COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECH. GAGRA (MOGA)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I felt shortof words to pen down anything for thosewho kept the
ship float for the pastmonth with their guidance, co-operation and expert
advices.
The successfulcompletion of any training depends upon the co-
operation, co-ordination and combined efforts of severalresources of
knowledge, inspiration and energy.
I am very grateful to MR. V.P. SINGH, G.M. of training department,
for allowing me to be a part of such an esteem organization of him. I am
grateful for patience and interest everybody in the organization has shown
completion of any training depends upon the co-operation, co-ordination
and combined efforts of for me.
With this I convey my sincerethanks to Prof. R.P. Sharma, the
Director and faculty of Automobile Department for sharing his valuable
knowledgewith us. And last but not the least I take this opportunity to
thank Mr. Arun Arya, the Head of Department of Automobile Engineering
Department at Arya College of Engineering & I.T., Jaipur for providing me
the opportunity to do my four week industrial training at such an esteemed
organization. Also the whole faculty at the department has been
resourcefulfor the industrial training for which I appreciate their efforts.

PREFACE
Before joining my training, I had no idea whatit is going to be and
what exactly is its need in the academic curriculum. By the time I finished
my training I understood how importantit was for me to be a complete
engineer.
A fresh graduatewould haveabsolutely no idea of the functioning of
an industry. Hewould probably be unawareaboutthe various departments
and their functioning. He would be completely ignorantof the working and
environment. He generally would not know aboutthe department in an
enterprise. Thus industrialtraining prepares you to walk out of your college
and join the industry. You need to have basic professionalknowledgealong
with the theoretical background and spending a month among hardcore
professionalcan teach you a lot.
The following reportdoes not discuss thedetails of these
experiences and discuss mostly aboutthe training and how it was
completed. It is much more fulfilling experience than any reportwill be able
to express. I feel pride to get an opportunity to havemy practical training at
INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED HOSHIARPUR.
I thank everyone who has contributed to make this experience truly
complete and stimulating.

CONTeNTS
1. COMPANYPROFILE
2. INTERNATIONAL TRACTORLIMITED
3. QUALITYASSURANCE
4. ASSEMBLYSHOP (TRACTOR)
5. ENGINEASSEMBLYUNIT
6. DEMO
7. PRE DELIVERYINSPECTION
8. SONALIKA IMPORTANTDATA
9. SURVEY REPORT
10. CONCLUSION
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

COMPANY PROFILE
Sonalika Group is contributing to Green Revolution in initially it India
since 1969. Startwith Farm Equipments and machinery .Brand name of the
Group products is
"SONALIKA” Sonalika is having a market shareof 80% in Farm
Equipments in India. Total group turnover is 220 Million USD(IRD
1000Crores).An averagegrowth rateof 30% makes it one of the fastest
growing corporatein India .I also happens to be one of the very few debt
free companies in the world.
Sonalika group under the stewardship to ShriL.D.Mittal, (Chairman)
has made stride within a shortspan of 14 year fromthe formation of ITL. It
has not only made its presence felt in tractor Industry buthas made inroads
into the market shareof popular brands. Its valued and satisfied customers
are multiplying and have crossed 100,000 mark in yare2004.TheSega
started forty-oneyears ago when Sonalika began manufacturing threshers
to help Indian farmers ensure greater productivity through qualitatively
superior technology .With the passageof time this initiative taken by
Mittals turned into a great success due to the undulated efforts of its
promoters and employees who worked impervious throughout. Sonalika
Group is one of the top five tractor manufacturers in India. Apartfrom
various farmequipments and implements, its product line includes
Tractors, Multi utility Vehicles(MUV),ThreeWheelers ,Engine, Hydraulic
System, casting ,Forging ,BrakeSystem ,Automotive components
manufacturing .Sonalika group since the inception has tried to understand
customers need to be able to facilitate them with its value for money
products. The company has a state of art manufacturing facilities, spread in

acres, located in the pollution free suburbs of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh
.Itemploys about 3600 people including someof the renowned name in
the industry. Thecompany works on the maxims of low production cost
and clean and safe environment.Such efforts have fetched the company
the accreditation like ISO:9001:2000 and ISO 14001.Dueto this high quality,
a great bound of trust has grown between the company and farmers. Over
the years, this grew to such extent that the farmers soon putforth demand
that Sonalika should also manufacturea high -technology tractor. The
actuality is that Sonalika has so much time on Indian farms that it
understands theneed and aspirations of the Indian farmer in there sense.
This great success provided further motivation ultimately resulting in
setting up a new plant in the name of InternationalTractor Limited on
October 17,1995 for theproduction of tractors ,the demand and
requirement of which was steadily growing at that time .The plant was set
up at village Chak-Gujran (Hoshiarpur)is spread over an area of
approximately 65 acres and obtain certificate of incorporation on February
26,1996..ITL is manufacturing various tractor of Sonalika Brand between
30H.P.to 90 H.P. ITL is the 5TH
largest tractor selling company in India and
the number one company in Nepal. These tractors arealso export to
various other counties also including France, South Africa, Australia,
Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Canada, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc.
Another feather was added to the crown of Sonalika when
company's Chairman, Vice Chairman and managing Director werehonored
in hotel Taj Man Singh because of their rich contribution to the tractor
industry. Sh .L. D. Mittal chairman was awarded with the Prideof Country
award by Chaudhary PremSingh Speaker Delhi Vidhan Sabha. 'Udyog
Bhushan' was given to Sh.Deepak Mittal , Managing Director, and Gold
medal for good production of tractors was given to Sh .A.S. Mittal , Vice
Chairman. These awards havebeen instituted by "Society of Industryand
Business Achievements" and were awarded in the presenceof large group
comprising of Business and industry magnates of the country.

Sonalika Agro, another member of Sonalika group was established in 1971
to supportthe Indian farmers with mechanization technology to facilitate
persistenceof green revolution. Today, the company is supporting the
farmers with world class farming equipment to ease the process of making
the Green Revolution lll. This plant is equipped with advance technology to
develop, manufactureand test the modern productfor the modern
farmers. The company has a wide rangeof farm equipment and implement
to facilitate the farmers in all kind of farming activities. Ithas a large dealer
networks spread all over country and haveapproximately 80% sharein
Indian marketof farmmachinery. Its products arealso exported to Asian &
African counties through various exportpromotion counsels. Sonalika
Agriculture Corporation manufactures thefollowing implements.
1. Multi Crop Threshers.
2. Automatic Cutters (HARAMBA).
3. Paddy Thresher.
4. Seed cum –Fertilizer Drill.
5. Maize Sheller.
6. Potato planer.
7. Reaper.
8. Combine Harvester.
Sonalika Three wheeler, another flagship of Sonalika Group, is in
marking of three wheelers under the brand name of Sonalika. Sonalika
Three Wheeler is engaged in designing, developing and manufacturing
three wheeler for rural& urbanities of India. Three Wheeler are on the way
to develop the CNG/LPG as well fuel cell three wheelers
Sonalika Three Wheelers are mainly of two types with different variants,
which are:

1. Sonalika D450 Three Wheelers.
2. Sonalika D750 Three Wheelers.
Different variants available in these are:
1. DriveAway Chassis
2. Delivery Van
3. Pick up Van
4. Passenger deluxe
5. Pickup Standard
Now Sonalika Group consists of 4 Companies:
1. Sonalika Agriculture Corporation.
2. InternationalTractors Limited.
3. InternationalCars & Motors Limited.
4. Sonalika Three Wheelers.

INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED
InternationalTractor Limited, the second flagship of Sonalika Group
was Incorporated on October 17, 1995 for themanufactureof Tractor and
has Since then built a distinct position for itself in the Tractor industry.ITL is
Manufacturing various Tractor of Sonalika brand between 30 H.P. to 75H.P.
and CEREs brand between 60 H.P.to 90 H.P. for export. ITL is also the first
Tractor manufacturers in the country to produce 50 H.P. and 60 H.P.
Tractor fitted with diesel engines. Sonalika group under the
stewardship to Shri L.D.Mittal has made rapid strides within a shortspan of
14 years. Ithas not only made its presence felt in the tractor industry but
has made in-roads into the market shareof popular brands. ITL's market
shareincreased to11% (Approx) as on 31.03.2006.Thecompany maintained
position in top five in tractor industry in terms of volume and marketshare.
Itsurpassed Eicher, H.M.T, John Deere, New Holland and Escorts
(Multinationals having long Internationalstanding).Today Sonalika group's
international Tractor Limited has become the fastestgrowing tractor
company in the world.
Because of their maximum pulling power, minimum fuel
consumption and
Emission, the Tractors manufactured by ITL have secured a reputation of
performance, quality and reliability in the market. All this makes
InternationalTractor Limited (ITL), the fifth largest tractor selling company
in India and the Number one Company in Nepal. These tractors are also
export to various others Counties like France, South Africa, Australia,
Zimbabwe, ShriLanka, Canada, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc.
The Manufacturing process, Quality Control System and Research &
Development facilities at ITL are certified with ISO: 9001:2000by thejoint
Accreditation Systemof Australia and New Zealand. Itis also the first
Tractor manufacturing and second such Company in the Country to be

accredited with ISO 14001. ITL is oneof the firstfew companies to have
Implemented modern and sophisticated Production Data Management
system-SAP way back in 2001.Allthis comes becauseof the fact that
company is having world-class R&D Facilities, maintaining controls and
systemof InternationalStandards and Enviormentalnorms.
All the models of tractor manufactured by ITL are tested & approved
by Central Farm Machinery and Tractor Training & testing Institute, Bundi
(MP) India, which is authorized for issuing test report by Government of
India. ITL also manufactured In-HouseDieselEngine meeting BharatIII
norms for Smokeand Mass Emission. These Engine have been approved by
U.S. Environment Protection Agency, Washington D.C. Company has also
increased its production of Diesel Engine up to 100 Engines a day.
In July 2000, ITL wentinto collaboration with Renault Agricultureof
France, the largesttractor manufacturing Company in Europeand is one of
the 30 largestCompanies of the World, for the production of Ceres & Solis
tractors under the brand name 'Sonalika'. Renault Agriculture is the largest
tractor manufacturing Company in Europe. Itproduces tractors in the range
of 50 H.P. to 250 H.P. having worldwidedistribution and sales network.
InternationalTractors Limited also has collaborated with US$ 2 billion
Yanmar Group, Japan‘s leading tractor manufacturer, with a 12% stakehold
by it. Yanmar is a diversified group with interests in tractors, agricultural
equipment, industrial engine, industrialequipment and marine engines.
InternationalTractor Limited got I.T.I.D. (Instituteof trade &
industrial Development) Quality Excellence Award in 2002. The
Governmentof India had also awarded “.The Best Quality Award “to
Sonalika Tractors. Every tractor, manufactured at Sonalika’s ultra modern
Plant at Hoshiarpur, is an example of unmatched workmanship. Atevery
stage of production, expert keep a constanteye on every small
manufacturing details to ensure faultless quality control, by applying the
most stringentinternational quality -check standard to produced tractors
that are most unbeatable in their category even in World Market. Each part
of every tractor is tested for the operational excellence at the Hoshiarpur
plant.

At present InternationalTractors Limited is manufacturing mainly 3
category SONALIKA , SONALIKA RX , SONALIKA WORLD TRACK and these 3
categories of tractors are divided into sub models
Baagban DI 30
4 stroke,2 Cylinder ,DirectInjection
,Forced Water Cooled, Single Clutch,
OHV Diesel engine , 30 H.P.
DI 730 II 4 stroke,2 Cylinder ,Direct Injection
DI 35 II 4 stroke,2 Cylinder ,DirectInjection
DI 734 4 stroke3 Cylinder ,Direct Injection
DI 740 Simpson 4 stroke,3 Cylinder ,DirectInjection
Side gear, OHV Diesel engine , 42H.P.
DI 745 III POWER+ 4 stroke,3 Cylinder ,DirectInjection
Side gear OHV Diesel engine , 47H.P.
DI-60 MileageMaster
(Potato Special)
DI -60 Rx (Agriculturespecial)
TURBO
OHV Diesel engine , 60H.P.
DI-60 (CommercialSpecial) 4 stroke,3 Cylinder ,DirectInjection
DI -750 III 4 stroke,4 Cylinder ,DirectInjection
OHV Diesel engine , 55H.P.
DI-75 4 stroke,4 Cylinder ,DirectInjection

DI -90 4X4 4 stroke,4 Cylinder ,DirectInjection
OHV Diesel engine , 90 H.P. ,Turbo
Charger
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality Assuranceactivity in ITL is a MIS function to audit and report
the quality status of both, productas well as quality assurancewithin the
plant. ITL considers vendors as an extension of its own manufacturing
operations. Hence, the quality assuranceaudits are not limited to just
received components quality at ITL receipt inspection stage but extends to
audit of conformanceto prescribed quality assurancesystems atvendor
end also.
OBJECTIVES:-
1. To reduce rejection and achieve better quality standards.
2. To achieve consistency in quality.
Quality, which has no compromise, is essential for every industry to
stay affirmin today’s competitive world. My project is a long term planning
of every industry. Each industry feels to upgradeits position and vendors
are integrated part of it. Quality improvement at Vendor’s end means
overall improvementin company’s gradation. With high quality of
components fromvendors, major goalof improvement can be achieved.

ASSEMBLY SHOP (TRACTOR)
The Assembly at SONALIKA DIVISION deals with the assembly of
tractors model DI 730 II,DI 35 II, DI 730II, DI 745 III, DI 60 (MileageMaster),
DI 60 RX, DI 750 etc.
Assembly is the joining of various constituents to forma final
product. The assembly process is carried out on the main line, which has
various sub assemblies along its length.
Assembly shop can be divided into two main areas:-
1. Before paint area
2. After paint area
BEFORE PAINT AREA:-
The areas beforepainting can further be divided into sub
assemblies/loops namely:
1. Differential loop
2. Gearbox loop
3. Rear cover loop
1) DIFFERENTIAL LOOP:-
1. Differential casting mounting on trolley after washing.
2. Bull pinion shaftleft and right fitted.

3. Cage assembly fitted. Itconsists of:
4. Crown wheel
5. Tail pinion assembly
6. Roller bearing
7. Bevel wheels.
8. PTO shaft fitted.
9. Rear axle trumpet is fitted.
10. PTO shifter assembly fitted.
11. Gearbox assembly is fitted.
12. Rear cover assembly fitted.
13. Brakes are fitted.
14. Parking brake.
15. Suction pipe.
16. PTO covers.
17. Trailer hook is fitted.
18. Angle bracket is fitted.
19. Rocket link is fitted.
20. Footboard is fitted.
21. Clutch pedal is fitted.
DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM:-
FUNCTION:-

If the axle is a single unit and the wheels are free on the axle that is
justmoving on the bearings, as is the case of tractor front axle, the wheels
will turn at different speeds to compensatefor the difference in travel.
However when the wheel are driven positively by engine, a device is
necessary which can make the wheels moves at different speeds on turns,
whereas the speed of both the wheels should remain equal when the
tractor is following a straightpath. To accomplish this purposea systemof
gears called “differential system” is provided. Thus the differential has two
functions:
1. On a straighttravel it allows both the rear wheels of tractor to get
equal power.
2. On turns, it allows the inner wheel to move slower than the outer
wheels.
As far as transmitting of power at right angle to propeller shaft is
concerned drive pinion is coupled to transmission shaftwith the help of
flange. This pinion drives the crown wheel as such the power is now
available at right angle to drive shaftand tractor can move forward and
back ward as per requirement.
WORKING:-
The engine drives the crown wheel mounted on the cage assembly
through tail pinion. Four bevel pinions are mounted on the splined bull
pinion shafts lt. and rt. which are supported on the taper roller bearings in
the differential housing. These taper roller bearings give rigid supportto
cage assembly. The differential systemis very usefulin the automobiles.
This help in turning the vehicle. As already discussed theabove cases that
how the vehicle differential works whilethe vehicle is taking turn. During
the turning the inner speed of the wheel reduces and the outer wheel
moves faster than the inner wheels. The differential on the vehicle
distributes the power between the two wheels by giving the less power to
the inner wheel than the outer one & the vehicle moves easily. Steering

systemis used for the turning of the vehicle on the cross, which is fitted in
the cage assembly.
2) GEARBOXLOOPS:-
1. Gearbox housing mounted on trolley.
2. Driveshaft& input shaftassembly.
3. Output shaftassembly.
4. Lay shaft and connecting shaft assembly.
5. Shifter rod assembly.
6. Steering assembly
GEAR BOX
The gearbox used in the tractors being manufactured by ITL is of the
‘CONSTANT MESH TYPE’. This is the simplest type of gearbox. The power
comes from the engine to the clutch shaftand hence to the clutch gear
which is always in mesh with a gear on the lay shaft. All the gears on the lay
shaftare fixed to it and as such they are all the time rotating when the
engine is running. The clutch is engaged three and one reversespeed are
attained on suitable moving the gear on the main shaftby means of
selector mechanism.
The power, which the engine develops, is transmitted to the wheels
of the tractor by certain essential parts. The application of engine power to
the driving wheels through these parts is called “POWERTRANSMISSION”.
These parts are clutching, gearbox, differential and rear axles.
To start a tractor fromrest, the inertia of its whole weight mustbe
overcome. Diesel engine does not develop its full power at low speed. It
has to run at fairly high speed before it develops max power and torque.
Since much power is needed in starting, climbing uneven land and pulling
loads, a provision must be made to permit the engine to run at high speed

while the wheels run at low speed. This is achieved by a systemcalled
“Gearbox”.
With the help of gearbox, we can achieve this and pulling power of
the tractor can be increased or decreased by varying the speed of tractor.
For this we use “Constant Mesh Gear” type.
PRINCIPLE:-
As we know that the horsepower developed is directly proportional
to the productor torqueand rotational speed, i.e.
H.P= k.N.T
FUNCTION:-
1. To convertthe power of the engine running at high speed into low
speed at high torque
2. To exchange the forward motion into the reversemotion of the
vehicle.
3. To disconnect the engine fromthe rear wheels by putting the gear
box into neutral position.
TYPES OF GEARBOX:-
1. Selective gearbox
2. Sliding mesh type
3. Constantmesh type
4. Synchronous type
5. Planetary gearbox

6. Automatic gearbox
3) REAR COVER LOOPS:-
1. Rear cover mounted on trolley.
2. Control valveand responsevalveassembly.
3. Ram assembly (This consists of cylinder, piston and piston rods).
4. Testing of hydraulic lift.
REAR COVER ASSEMBLY:-
Rear cover is mounted on the differential assembly. Itis used to
cover the differential assembly. Itperforms various other operations also.
HYDROULIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Hydraulic control systemis mechanism in a tractor to rise, hold or
lower the mounted or semi-mounted equipments by hydraulic means. All
tractors are equipped with hydraulic control system for operating three
hitch of the tractor.
HYDRAULIC FLUID PROPERTIES:-

1. Ithas no shape but definite volume.
2. Itis uncompressibleand if force is applied then it exerts the same
pressurein all directions.
3. Italways flows fromhigh pressuregradientto low pressure
gradient. i.e. through the less resistancepath.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM:-
1. Hydraulic pump :-
There are severaltypes of hydraulic pump, such as gear screw
pump. Gear pump is widely used in tractors. Gear pump can be flow
a bigger amount of air, compared to plunger pump. The air pressure
in the pump varies from 150 to 200 kg/cm2.
2. Hydraulic cylinder:-
Itis a bigger sizecylinder, fitted with a piston and a connecting
rod. Itis also called “ram cylinder”. The connecting rod transmits
power fromthe piston to hydraulic cylinder and causes
reciprocating motion in the cylinder. The lifting arms are raised by
the hydraulic pressurewhileraising the implement but it is
lowered but it is lowered by its own weight.
3. Hydraulic tank :-
Hydraulic tank is used for storing hydraulic oil for the system. In
some tractors
, transmission chamber itself works as a hydraulic tank and same
oil is used as used as hydraulic system. In sometractors separate
tank is there for hydraulic oil.
4. Control Valve:-
Control valveis a type of valve, which controls the movement of
hydraulic air to have desired direction. Magnitude and speed
lifting. Thus the control valveis to performthree functions:-
1. To changethe direction of lifting.
2. To changethe power of lifting.
3. To changethe speed of lifting.
The control valve is operated by hand lower and it is of two types

A) Manual Type B) Automatic Type
Manual type value is mostly for small tractors. There are only three
positions in this case: (i) Up (ii) Down (iii) Neutral
In automatic type, there are more than three positions. Any of the
positions inside a quadrantcan be chosen for operations.
5. Oil filter:-
Itis a small filter located at a convenient position in the oil.
Lower sector Assembly:-
1. Draftcontrol lower (red Colour)
2. Position controllower (Black Colour)
3. [DraftCrank rod solid in shape.
4. Position crank rod hollow in shape.
Setting of oil hydraulic:-
A. Position lower setting
1. Both lower down (i.e. DCand PC)
2. Both arms down.
3. Now spool valvespring gap showed low 54.5 mm.
B. Draftlower setting:-
1. Position lower down.
2. Draftlower up.
3. Both arms up.
4. Now spool valvespring gap should be 54.5 mm.
5.In this condition sensor should beout fromramcover 16 to 17
mm.
ENGINE ASSEMBLY
This section deals with the assembly of different components that
lead to complete engine assembly. The assembly area is kept clean all the
time so that no dustand dirt enter the engine while being assembled.
Following are the steps in which the engines are assembled:-

• Firstof all Main Oil Galleries are plugged.
• Complete assembly of Crankshaftalong with timing gear and the
balance weight arrivefrom their vendor.
This complete assembly is put into the block once the main journal
bearings are placed in it.
• Rear end plate is bolted and oil seal is pressed onto it.
• Oil pump is fitted.
• Cam hole far end is plugged with a circular plate.
• Camshaftgear is inserted into the shaft after heating and this
complete assembly is inserted in its place.
• Idlegear in timing gear is fitted.
• Tappets are inserted.
• Rubber seals for push rod enclosing tubes are inserted then.
• Studs for holding the head are tightened.
• Filter body is then bolted to the engine block.
• A marking plate is bolted which helps to locate the TDC of the 1st
cylinder with the help of the crank pulley.
• The crank pulley is the fixed with the help of a woodruff key onto the
crankshaft.
• Piston Rings and Connecting rod assemblies are readied on to the
assembly line separately.
Now the above wholeassembly is put into onto the block and the
connecting rod big end caps are bolted and tightened with proper torque.
• Oil sump is then bolted.

• Cylinder head with push rod tubes, studs for rocker and bumping
shims are placed and is tightened with proper torque.
• Oil supply pipe is fixed with a banjo bolt.
• Inlet and exhaust manifold and the water supply pipes are fitted.
• Push rods areinserted.
• Rockers are then fitted.
• Fuel filter body is then attached.
• A unique number is engraved onto the block.
• Water pump is fitted and a thermostat valveis inserted.
• Fuel Injection Pump is then fitted to the engine as per the specific
model.
• The Valve-Tappet clearance is then set using the feeler gauge.
• TDC marking is done onto the pulley by putting a depth gauge
through the injector hole.
• B-TDC marking is then done using a special purposetool.
• Fuel injection timing is then set by putting on the fuel supply.
• Alternator mounting clamps are fixed.
• Injector nozzles and the High pressurefuellines are then fitted to the
F.I. Pump.
• Bell housing is then bolted.
• Ring gear is fitted to Flywheel at 350 deg. C. and the assembly is then
bolted to the crankshaftrear end.

SONALIKA –ENGINE PARTS (4 CYLINDER)
SR.NO. PARTS SR.NO. PARTS
1 Engine block or crank
case
Connecting Rod Parts
2 Timing cover 1 Big end
3 Rear seal plate or main
seal plate
2 Rod
4 Fly wheel 3 Small end
5 Side plate (2) Crank shaft-main parts
6 Oil filter plate with oil
filter
1 Crank-journals
7 Diesel filter body with
filter set
2 Crank pin
8 Diesel pipes 3 Arm
9 High pressurepipe 4 Crank weight
10 Fuel injection pump 5 Oil hole
11 Injector with washers 6 Oil passage
12 Return pipe 7 Dog nut
13 Diesel pump coupling 8 Timing gear
14 Crank pulley 9 Thrustcollar
15 Water pump with fan 10 Flange
16 Housepipe Parts of valve
Mechanism
17 Thermostatvalve and
body
1 Timing gear
18 Water manifold 2 Cam shaft

19 Inlet manifold 3 Tappets
20 Exhaust manifold 4 Tappets guide
21 Tappet cover 5 Push rod
22 Fan belt 6 Rockers
23 Oil pump 7 Rocker pillars
24 Oil pump pipes 8 Rocker shaft
25 Release valve 9 Rocker shaft spring
26 Strainer 10 Ports
27 Head gasket 11 Valve guide
28 Cylinder head 12 Valve
29 Cylinder liner or
cylinder sleeve with
rubber ring
13 Valve return spring
30 Pistons with pin lock 14 Valve return spring
retainer
31 Connecting rod 15 Valve return spring
32 Crank shaftwith
balancing weight
Valve Timing
33 Pilot bearing 1 6 beforeTDC intake
valve open
34 Main bearing 2 38 After BDC intake
valve closed
35 Big end bearing 3 40 Before BDC exhaust
valve open
36 Thrustbearing 4 10 After TDC exhaust
valve closed
37 Main cap with stud and
nut
38 Piston rings set
39 Crank gear
40 Idler gear
41 Diesel pump driven gear
42 Cam gear
43 Lubrication pipe
44 F.I.P. driven shaftwith
bearing
45 Cam shaft

46 Tappet roller guide of
push guide
47 Push rod
48 Tappet set with
adjusting screw
49 Self starter and
alternator
50 Oil pump gear and idler
gear
51 Nuts, bolts, washers
52 Oil dips stick and mobile
oil.
53 Gasket
DEMO
SELECTION OF A TRACTOR FOR DEMO:-
1. Before giving a demo check the air pressurein both front and rear
tyres.
Pressurefronttyre 22-24 PSI
Pressurerear tyre 14-16 PSI
2. Water can be used in rear tyre at the time of Demo
Water 75%
Air 25%
3. Greaseall the greasepoint of tractor.
4. Check the free play in clutch and brake pedal.
5. Check the oil in air cleaner as well as in the steering oil.
6. Check fan belt play.
DEMO:-
Before giving demo to the customer you must know all the
information of tractor and the implement to be used.

USAGE OF IMPLEMENT:-
1. Turn the disc in harrow in right direction.
2. Rotavator should lift at proper height.
3. Cultivator should be adjusting by top link only.
4. You mustknow the proper way of hitch the cultivator.
Before use of all implement we must know selection of gear in
tractor Efficiency of fuel, Area of coverage, slippage of tractor.
CONDITION OF LAND:-
Before giving demo we haveto select that place with is near to
village, due to which all the villager can come and see the demo. Demo
should not give in dry or wet place becausedue to this there is chance of
slippage of tyres.
PRE DELIVERY INSPECTION
Before the delivery of a tractor or sending a tractor to a dealer it is
necessary to check all the parts of tractor. During this process all the
assembly and important parts of tractor are checked, so that tractor is safe
or ready to give customer.
IMPORTANCE:-
Company gives 100% warranty for theentire drawback found in the
tractor, regarding its parts, during pre delivery inspection.
1. P.D.I. reportconfirms thatthe tractor has the dealer in safe manner or
not.
2. P.D.I. increases thefaith of dealer and customer.
3. P.D.I. reportshould reach the company within one week of dispatch.

SONALIKA ENGINE –IMPORTANT DATA
1. RING END GAP (MM)
PISTON SIZE TOP RING SECOND RING OIL RING
92 0.2-0.4 0.35-0.55 0.2-0.4
95 0.3-0.45 0.6-0.8 0.2-0.4
97 0.25-0.45 0.6-0.8 0.3-0.55
100 0.35-0.55 0.35-.0.45 0.35-0.55
102 0.25-0.45 0.6-0.8 0.3-0.55
2. RING CLEARANCE IN PISTON GROOVE(MM)
PISTON SIZE TOP RING SECOND RING OIL RING
92 0.8-0.105 0.03-0.07 0.03-0.07
95 0.95-0.115 0.04-0.08 0.03-0.07
97 0.062-0.117 0.05-0.09 0.03-0.07
100 0.075-0.095 0.07-0.11 0.03-0.07
3. Crank shaft end play 0.125-0.387

4. Big end side play in crank shaft 0.18-0.54
5. Valve face height from cylinder head 0.1
6. Valve seat width 1.5-2.1
7. Clearance between crank and big bearing 0.04-0.098
8. Clearance between crank and main bearing 0.046-
0.104
9. Cam shaft end play 0.1-0.4
10. Over size thrust washer 0.25
11. Timing gear backlash 0.05-0.35
12. Clearance between impeller & pump housing 0.3-0.7
13. Valve clearance(big size cam shaft ) 0.3 (inlet
valve)
A CLUCH VALUE
1 Single clutch adjustment 40-44 mm
2 Double clutch adjustment 35-36 mm
3 P.T.O. adjustment 27-28 mm
B HYDRAULIC VALUE
1 Release valvepressure 175 180 bar
2 Relief bearing pressure 195-200 bar
3 Back pressurevalve 3-6 kg/cm2
4 Check valvepressure 9-12 kg/cm2
5 Unloading valve 6-9 kg/cm2
A COMPOSITE VALVE VALUE
Position & Draft coupler 27 mm
B CONTROL VALVE VALUE
Position & Draftcoupler 55.5 mm
3 Dropping 20 mm/30 mm
4 Hyd. Power stree. Stroke length 161-165 mm
5 DIFFRENTIOAL VALUE
(i) Pre loading of crown 9-12 kg/cm2

(ii) Pre loading of Tail –Pinion 5-7 kg/cm2
(iii) Back lash of Crown-Pinion 0.18-0.30 mm
(iv) Pre-loading of Bull gear and axle 3-7 kg
(v) Crown and tail pinion patter 70%
6 Clutch pedal free play 25-35 mm
7 Brake pedal free play 55-56 mm
8 Toe in 2-6 mm
9 Radiator fan belt play 10 mm
10 Air pressurein front tyre 26-28 psi
11 Air pressurein rear tyre 14-16 psi
UNIQUE SELECTION PROPOSITION OF SONALIKA
TRACTORS COMPLEMENT AND BALANCE TRACTOR
Sonalika Tractor is complete and Balance tractor because:-
1. PROPORTIONATEWEIGHTDISTRIBUTION:-
 The weight distribution of the tractor is uniformacross the
length due which it has excellent grip on the ground.
 This prevents slippageeven on steep increasing the load.
 Has the capacity to pull heavy load even on steep slope
while maintaining its balance.
2. LARGEWHEEL BASE:-
 Frontlifting is seldomwitnessed due to maximum wheel
base.
 Italso helps in pulling heavy load even on steep slopes
while maintaining its balance.
3. MAXIMUM GROUND CLEARANCE:-
 Tractor cross-uneven ground surfacewithoutgetting
stuck because of high ground clearance.

 The standing crops of the farmers arenot damaged
because of the high ground clearance.
 Also easily oversteps the bunds while moving from one
fromtwo another.
4. LOOKS:-
 Sonalika tractors are aesthetically appealing.
 Variety is available in colour fromwhich the farmers can
choose.
5. ERGONOMICS:-
 Road visibility better becauseof high attitude of driver’s
seat.
 Driver’s seatis comfortable.
POWERFUL
We can Sonalika tractor is powerfulbecause:-
1. HIGH BACKUP TORQUE:-
Back up torqueis reservepower
 The backup torque is best among all the available tractors in
the market.
 Work equipment to any tractor with higher HP rangei.e. 35 HP
range tractor of Sonalika works, equalto 50 HP range tractor
of other companies.
 Helps in deep cultivation, which gives good yield, as well lesser
weeds. Due to excellent pulling power; tractor are also able to
turn at edges without lifting up the cultivator.
2. SMOKELESS ENGINE:-
 Sonalika has used TREM III Engine‘which burn every single
drop of Diesel and built up full power becauseof this they give
negligible smoke.

 Sudden increase in load it does not generate heavy smoke
whereas other tractors stall in similar condition.
 Even on drop of 700-1000 rpmSonalika works tractorswork
equally well.
SURVEY REPORT

1. Sonalika -- 9.25%
2. Swaraj -- 37.03%
3. Mahindra -- 14.81%
4. Ford -- 11.11%
5. Farmtrac -- 9.25%
6. Escort -- 7.40%
7. Others --
-
11.11%
Above eqs.Onlyforambaladistt.Location[Naraingarh]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
swaraj sonalika ford mahindra farmtrac escort others
Series 1
Series 1

TRACTOR % USED SR.NO.
SONALIKA 26% 1.)
NEW HOLLAND 20% 2.)
SWARAJ 16% 3.)
FARMTRAC 10% 4.)
POWERTRAC 9% 5.)
MAHINDRA 9% 6.)
OTHERS 10% 7.)
ABOVE DATA IS COLLECTED FROMDISTT. MANDI (H.P.)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
sonalika new
holland
swaraj farmtrac powertrac mahindra others
Series 1
Series 1

My training was the great experience. I had the pleasureto do the
work with one of the mostreputed manufacturer in their field
INTERNATIONAL TRACTORLIMITED. I received experience in private sector.
Itwas a good learning time during my training, as I was fortunateto be
placed in the department related to manufacturing. I feel training has given
me exposure to undergo projects in manufacturing field as well as help me
a lot to understand the company work culture, working with terms and
much more. In the end I will like to thank all people who helped me
throughoutmy training to enhance my experience. I also pay my regards to
my lecturers for their guidance during my training.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. INTERNATIONAL TRACTORLIMITED WEBSITE.
2. Google search.

109541595 sonalika-tractors-ltd

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