Reflection Paper On Action Experience And Joint Engagement...

Reflection Paper On Action Experience And Joint Engagement...
When trying to choose which paper I was going to report on, I initially was looking for articles that had to either entirely or more–or–less deal with a
topic that we covered in class; because of this, I was going to read the experiment that dealt with object permanence. However, after reading a small
portion of that experiment, it couldn't really grasp my attention, so I basically just went through the other articles looking for the titles that caught my
attention the most. After looking through all of the articles, it came down to the articles about action experience and joint engagement. Because I was
torn between the two, I read a little bit – mostly the introduction – of both reports, and I could easily tell that this report, the one on joint engagement,
would interest me more just because I could comprehend the study better and it just overall seemed much more intriguing when it comes to child
development. To say the least, I am glad I chose this article over the other one because I found myself really engaged in what the study had to offer. I
was very interested in the study and the overall experiment that I even found myself asking my own questions. Article Summary Each response should
completely answer the question, and be at least 200 words in length. 1. Why was the study conducted? To answer this in a very broad explanation, the
study was conducted to see how children, primarily those that are of fourteen months of age, were able to understand the knowledge that
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Superflab, Uncooked Rice, Green Play-Dough
Results
The solid water was the control variable in the experiment and the investigators compared values that resulted from irradiation of the solid water
with each bolus' average Dmax. Table 1 recorded the ratios that resulted from these values. ANOVA calculations from the values shown in Table 1
resulted in an F value of 762.65 and a P value of less than 0.0001. The investigator compared the results between each individual group with a Tukey
HSD test. When compared to one another, each sample resulted in a P value less than 0.01.
Discussion
The results of this experiment support the rejection of the null hypothesis and predict there is a difference between Superflab, uncooked rice, green
Play–Doh, and orange Play–Dough when providing the

Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and dependent variables, and the relationship between them.
Research questions are categorized into two, that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in qualitative
research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non–numerical and analyses special phenomena that occur in nature.
Quantitative research on the other hand is more of a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through analysis to prove a
hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved with regards to the results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It must be logical, and provide a concrete base for any differences between the variables. It must also be simple and clear.
A hypothesis can state the following: there exists a positive relationship between employee performance and flexible working hours. Whereas a
research question could generally be: do flexible working hours affect workers productivity? You can clearly see that the hypothesis states clearly and
it is more specific in its prediction unlike the research question (eNotes.com, Inc 2011).
Hypothesis is typically used in quantitative research only. Moreover, when a question poses an inquiry on the relationship between two variables, a
hypothesis is a statement declarative in nature of the relationship between different variables (Pajares 2007). A researcher chooses whether to use a
question or a hypothesis depending on the purpose of the research, its objectives, the methodology for the research and the preference of the audience
to receive the research. A researcher must be able to interpret the final outcome with reference to the research questions or the hypothesis used (Pajares
2007). A research requires a minimum of two hypotheses namely a null and an alternative hypothesis.
So, somebody can make a certain observation and come up with a hypothesis about how and why a phenomenon occurs the way it is. Hypothesis could
be

The Scientific Method Is An Endless Cycle Of Logical And...
The scientific method is an endless cycle of logical and rational order of steps that consists of observation, regularity, theory, prediction, and testing
(Trefil & Hanzen, 2013). The scientific method is a way for individuals to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and conducting
experiments. The scientific method is a process used to ensure that the experiments conducted can provide a good answer or solution to a specific
question. The steps of the scientific method include: ask a question, gather information and make observations, guess the answer, conduct experiments
and test the hypothesis, analyze the results of the tests, and come to a conclusion.
For the first scenario, the problem is the lemon– pepper seasoning for the chicken wings is missing and there is only one hour left to prepare the dish
for guests. The data: after washing and drying the chicken wings, I went to the pantry to get some lemon–pepper seasoning. After searching all the
shelves in the pantry I realized that I was out of lemon–pepper seasoning. I must formulate possible solutions to the problem and the following
questions: how long will it take to cook the wings, what other ingredient or ingredients can I use to replace the seasoning, when will I have time to go
buy more lemon– pepper seasoning, who can I send to the store to get a replacement, which shall I use bottled lemon juice or the juice from a freshly
squeezed lemon, and where could I have possibly stored the

Sci 207 Week 4 Lab 4 Energy Sources and Alternative Energy...
SCI 207 WEEK 4 LAB 4 ENERGY SOURCES AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY– NEW
To purchase this, Click here http://www.activitymode.com/product/sci–207–week–4–lab–4–energy–sources–and–alternative–energy–new/ Contact us at:
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SCI 207 WEEK 4 LAB 4 ENERGY SOURCES AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY– NEW
Lab 4 – Experiment 1: The Effects of Coal Mining
Table 1: pH of Water Samples
Water SampleInitial pHFinal pH
Pyrite55
Activated Carbon57
Water55 Hypothesis: The beaker with only water would be clear the carbon would turn black when added and the other one will turn grey. Post–Lab
Questions
1.Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know?
The beaker with only water would be clear the carbon ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The water remained clear but had air bubbles in the beaker.
1.What type of substance formed in the jars?
The substance I would have to say was the ball formation of the pyrite and the air bubbles in the water.
1.What effect do you predict coal mining has on the environment?
I would have to say that from the reading that it can be very harmful for the coal mining chemicals to seep into the ground into our drinking water.
1.What can be done to prevent mine drainage from damaging the ecosystem?
Maybe putting in some weeping system that would pull the water to a different location that could drain into a container of some

Math 533
Brief Introduction:
AJ Davis is a department store chain, which has many credit customers and want to find out more information about these customers. AJ Davis has
complied a sample of 50 credit customers with data selected in the following variables: Location, Income (in $1,000's), Size (Number of people living
in the household), Years (number of years the customer has lived in the current location), and Credit Balance (customers current credit card balance on
the store's credit car, in $).
The manager at AJ Davis has speculated the following: a. The average (mean) annual income was less than $50,000. b. The true population proportion
of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40% c. The average (mean) number of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* My calculated test statistic of –2.07 falls in the rejection region of z < –0.1645, therefore, I would reject the null hypothesis and say there is
sufficient evidence to indicate u<50 or $50,000.
b. The true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40%
* 22 of the 50 surveyed live in the Urban area, which is 44% or 0.44, this is the point estimate for p.
* Therefore my hypothesis would be * Ho: = 0.40 vs. Ha: p>0.40
* In order to conduct the large sample z–test, we first need to verify that the sample size is large enough. * nPo= 50(0.40) = 20 and 50 (1–0.44) = 30,
both are larger than 15, so we can conclude that sample size is large enough to apply the large sample z test.
* Z= (0.44 – 0.400)/ 0.69282= 0.58 where s phat= sqrt (((0.40) (0.60))/50= 0.069282
* This is a one tailed (upper or right since HA has ">"). Our rejection regions would be z > 1.645.
* 0.58 is not greater than 1.645 (and is not in the rejection regions) so we would not Reject the Ho.
* The p–value= 0.282. The p–value is another complementary and equally valid way we can evaluate the null and alternative hypotheses is by looking

at the p–value and compare the p–value to alpha. If the p–value is less than alpha, reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative

Hypothesis Social Work
ASSIGNMENT SW–4 ON RESEARCH IN SOCIAL WORK HYPOTHESIS
NAME= ITULUNGBE
ROLLNO= G2015PH006
COURSE= MASW PUBLIC HEALTH 2ND SEM
SUBMITTED SUBMITTED TO BY
DR. YASIR BHAT ITULUNGBE
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 20–03–2016
INTRODUCTION
Hypothesis is an assumption which is base on reasoning about the studied of the research topic. The word hypothesis is a combination of two words
the first one is hypo, which means under or less than or tentative. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accept exploratory research in which formulation of hypothesis is impossible. Hypothesis is the main phenomena of all the research to be carried out
successfully because it is base on the reality assumption and understanding after reasoning the factual problems. Hypothesis is the main key to success
the legal research without hypothesis a research is unfocussed. The hypothesis gave genuine idea and clarity of particular research. The non–legal
doctrine research can be known as research which is based on the empirical study by using either primary or secondary data, relying solely on
observation and experiment not on theory. The empirical research is an enquiry that attempts to discover and verify general rules allowing us to
understand why human beings behave the way they prefer. In conclusion both researches are equally important because it differ from each other with
different

Hcs/438 Dq's Essay
HCS/438 DQ's
Week 1:
DQ1: What are the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics?
According to Bennett (2009), the biggest difference between descriptive and inferential statistics is that descriptive statistics "deals with describing raw
data in the form of graphics and sample of statistics" and inferential statistics "deals with estimating population parameters from sample data." This
means that inferential statistics would be an estimate because the data would be estimated from sample data rather than using specific data whereas
descriptive statistics would be more accurate. An example of descriptive statistics would be trying to find an average of something such as a G.P.A. or
your overall grade in a class. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We come up with the number 7. 7 would be the mean in this case.
"The median is the middle value of the data set. To find a median we arrange the values in ascending (or descending) order, repeating data values
that appear more than once. If the number of values is odd, there is exactly one value in the middle of the list, and this value is the median. If the
number of values is even, there are two values in the middle of the list, and the median is the number that lies halfway between them. For an example
the list 3, 4, 6, 6, 10. The median number is 6 because 6 is the middle number in the list." (Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009, p. 146).
"The mode is the most common value or group of values in a data set. For an example the mode in the number set 3, 4, 6, 6, 10 is 6 because this value
occurs twice in the data set."(Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009, p. 146).
We would use mean, median and mode in healthcare to find the average of many things such as how effective a new medication would be on the
average population. Or how far into a new treatment patients start seeing results or improvements. Bennett, J.O., Briggs, W.L., & Triola, M.F.
(2009). Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc
DQ2: Measures of variability are range, Interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation. Range is the difference between the highest and the lowest

Implications Of The El Greco Fallacy : Perceptions And...
The research conducted in the "top–down" effects in perception research was guided by the El Greco fallacy. Here, it is brought to the attention of
findings that distortions must have any alternative explanation besides a literal perceptual distortion. Researchers applied this theory because of the
fact that distortions must cancel each other out, since the means of reproduction should be distorted as was the stimulus being reproduced. In their
research, authors asked if higher–level states such as moods, action capabilities, and knowledge are truly effects on perception, or if subjects reflect
influences on memory or bias. The key question attempting to be answered here is, what determines how things look? After experiment 1 results
confirm that holding a rod decreases subjects' perception of aperture width estimates, in experiment 2 researchers ask if this confirmation reflect literal
perceptual compression of the apertures. Experiment 3 asks what explains aperture–compression effects. Researchers hypothesize that the
aperture–width effects should disappear once the subjects think the rod is being held for a purpose other than for "balance". For experiment 4,
researchers ask if reflecting on unethical deeds from subject's past will estimate a low brightness of room. The question that guided the research in
experiment 5, which applied the El Greco fallacy, is, is the effect of ethical reports on lightness judgments actually perceptual? The hypotheses were
justified on

A Research Study On The Null And Alternative Hypothesis
There are a variety of topics that are interesting in life. This interest may then become a point of inquisition, where an individual may formulate a
relationship between two variables, which may or may not influence each other. Next, a hypothesis is formed and tested. In this same manner, a school
educator was interested in determining the potential relationship between grade point average (GPA) and IQ scores among ninth graders. The educator
random sampled 30 ninth graders, ages 14 years old and administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC–IV). This
writer will be expanding further on this topic and will formulate the null and alternative hypothesis, describe the four scales of measurement, describe
whether if there is a correlation significant (positive, negative, or no correlation) enough between both variables, describe the strength of the
relationship, describe what the results reveals about the hypothesis, and what conclusions can be drawn from the results.
Null and alternative hypothesis The null hypothesis would reflect as if there is no difference between both variables (Malec & Newman, 2013). The
null hypothesis would indicate that there is no relationship between GPA and IQ. The alternative hypothesis would indicate another option, which is
contrary to the null and may or may not be directional (Malec & Newman, 2013). The alternative hypothesis would be, that there is a relationship
between GPA and IQ. This writer agrees with

Essay on Applied Managerial Dision Making
Applied Managerial Decision Making
MGMT600–1301B–03
Phase 3 individual project
Rocklyn Kee
Colorado Technical University Online
Professor Donald Pratl
March 11, 2013
There are 500 employees in the sales force of Company W that are spread out over Southeast, Northeast, West, and Central regions. The company has
recently incorporated a new software program in and attempt to monitor how many sales are generated by each employee. It is expected that each
month each region should sell the same aamount of products. It has been noted that over the last three months however that this expectation has only
been reached by half of the employees in each region. Before a decision can be made on possible theories as to why this is, some ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
There will be no formulated statements from non–parametric analysis in regard to the information that is presented by the researcher. The ANOVA,
(analysis of variation) is a commomlly used method of non–parametric. The researcher does an analysis with the ANOVA to see if there is a
differentation among groups, and if the mean of them are the same. With anull hypothesis the ANOVA will determine if the information that has been
presented has the same means, while with the alternative hypothesis it will determine if the information has defferent means. CTU Online, (2013)
There is a one way method and a two way method for an ANOVA analysis that can be used by the researcher. There is only one factor for the
researcher to test for equality of the presented information in the one way method, and the two way mwthod allows for distinguishing if there may be
another factor. * Chi–Square Distribution Use
Two types of information can typically be generarted when variables have no pattern, categorical or numerical. Researchers' employ using the
chi–square distribution in order to unmask the distinctions and to see if they are independent. Categorical variables are specific variables with no fixed
numerical value, and numerical type variables are numerical. In this

Importance Of Biostatistics And A Critique
Importance of Biostatistics and a Critique
Biostatistics is an integral component of numerous developments particularly in technology and modern medicine today. With biostatistics, we can
gather data, analyze it, create a hypothesis, test its validity and make a conclusion. This is essential because if we can make an inference from a
sample that represents a large population, not only we are able to save time, cost and effort but we are able to arrive to a conclusion that could help us
develop alternative treatments or tools in the future. For instance, in concept practice 4, we assessed the usefulness of the iPhone rhinoplasty app for
the preoperative assessment of surgery. In this concept practice, we learned how to usehypothesis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A mean plot "provides a visual comparison of means and standard deviations" which includes centers and spreads (Daddysman, Multiple–Sample
Studies: Summaries and Estimation, 2017). A box plot is a "graphical representation of the five–number summary...the minimum, 1st quartile range,
median, 3rd quartile range, and the maximum" (Daddysman, One–Sample Studies: Summaries, 2017). And a scatterplot "graphically represents
two–variable relationships...describing its form, direction and strength" (Daddysman, Simple Linear Regression: Inference and Reporting, 2017). For
instance, based on our graph in concept practice 9, we've learned the relationship between our slope and our two variables – number of logins and the
HBA1c results. As the number of logins increase by 1 unit, the hbA1c results decrease by .0067. Each graphical summary is important in understanding
and comparing two variables to describe gathered data, determining differences and arriving to a conclusion.
Biostatistics also taught us how to recognize study designs and write a summary and critique. This is helpful because it identifies positive and negative
aspects of the study and an opportunity for other people to replicate the study and improve it. For instance, on the 26th of June 2017, I submitted a
summary and critique about hand–washing. This article was a replication of a previous study and an extension

The Theory Of Psychology And Psychology
The unified approach refers to a common basis within a field in which all agree. Historically psychology has tried to establish a unified approach using
structuralism. Structuralism explores the structure of the human mind by analysing consciousness into component parts. Psychologists later excluded
structuralism in exchange towards functionalism (Magnavita, 2005). Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and the mind. While behaviour
can be directly observed for example through actions and responses, the mind cannot directly be seen for example thoughts. Psychology trusts upon
the feedback of participants through gathering data and then analysing to conclude. All research occurs while adhering to the BPS code of ethics.
There are a variety of ways to study the mind and behaviour and similarly there are a variety of approaches to psychology. Unlike chemistry and
physics, which adopt a singular purpose and agreed consensus. Psychology can be complex and therefore cannot rely solely on one approach (
Gleitman, Reisberg & Gross, 2010) 2. The psychodynamic approach was first stimulated by Sigmund Freud in 1896. He believed that not all thoughts
are conscious and all behavior has a cause. He argued that the majority of behaviours are often innate or derive from early childhood experiences. He
also argued that consciousness is influenced by subconscious aspirations and thoughts. The approach emphasises the association between subconscious
efforts and the subsequent

Quantitative Analysis For Business Class Studying For Week...
The Learning Team – A (LTA) in the Quantitative Analysis for Business class studying for Week Four was both interesting and challenging for the
team members. The members were comfortable and uncomfortable with different and similar topics (steps in testing research hypothesis, comparing
means of two or more groups, and calculating the correlation between two variables). LTA reflects back over the previous weeks studying and week's
four topics. LTA member also expresses and relates how the application is applied in his/her chosen field.
Previous Week's Reflection
Overall LTA discovered statistics consist of calculating everyday numerical data. Statistics consist of classifying, analyzing, summarizing, organizing,
and interpreting numerical data, according to (McClave, Benson, & Sincich, 2011, p. 3). The team also discovered the following from the authors
among other pertinent information: Descriptive statistics. Discovered how to use numerical and graph methods. Inferential statistics. Discovered how
to use sample data to make predictions, estimates, decisions, and other generalization regarding a larger set of data. Fundamental elements of statistics.
(1) Experimental units, (2) Population (3) Variable, (4) Samples, and (5)Statistical inference.
During week four, LTA discovered the steps involve in testing research hypothesis and how to accomplish this task. The learning team discovered the
importance and how to prove and disprove three research questions. The

Building Blocks Learning Organizations Should Be Skilled...
Building blocks learning organizations should be skilled in are 1) Systematic problem–solving: A wide range of organizations used this method
worldwide since it depends on the scientific method. It starts with making an observation, gathering data/information regarding that observation to form
a hypothesis. Ahypothesis is a proposed description of the observation made on the available evidence (in the form of data). One of the pioneers of
the quality control, W Edward Deming calls it "Plan, Do, Check, Act" cycle while others refer as "hypothesis–generating, hypothesis testing"
techniques. This method outlaw's focus on guess work or intuitive mode of problem–solving considering self–made assumptions. Although the
scientific method is time taking than intuitive approach. The former leads to a high–quality solution and support effective problem–solving. One can
also derive this as the fact–based management since it first collects data, analyze it, draws conclusions, and decides whether to proceed to the
succeeding level or reject the hypothesis or modify to further continue. Various simple statistical tools, for instance, histogram, Pareto charts,
correlations, cause and effect diagram assist in data analysis to draw results. The problem–solving method is a beneficial method when it comes to
solving a complex problem. Training programs concentrate on problem–solving techniques using exercise and practical examples. Xerox has mastered
this approach below. Step 1. Problem

Brine Shrimp Essay
The purpose or the significance of the experiment was to see if brine shrimp can survive in different salinities of saltwater. The experimental
(alternative) hypothesis was supported, because in figure 1 it showed that there was an increase of the average (mean) of survival rate of the brine
shrimp when the salinity level (in grams) increased. It was in Figure 1 and it shown that the rates had higher numbers (increased survival rates) and
the lower salinities had lower survival rates. The raw data also had shown that higher numbers were in the higher salinities rather than in the lower
salinities. The salt had an effect on the Brine Shrimp, is because the more the more salt they had (being a saltwater species) would lead to more
surviving unlike a lower salinity which did not have enough salt to support the DV (the Brine Shrimp). In the literature review, we stated that others
have also shown that the higher the salinity, the higher chances of the brine shrimp surviving in the saltwater. We were uncertain about the brine
shrimp of not having high survival rates in lower salinities, due to the brine shrimp species mainly don't live in high salinity areas.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Also another error could have been the temperature of the water, the water temperature was all the same for each different brine shrimp, but it
could have had a better chance of living in a higher or lower water temperature. There weren't many methods to see how many brine shrimp were
alive, due to they were very small. So then, the only efficient way was to use an eye dropper and count how many from each eye drop. Also, the
scales that were used, were able to come close (rounded number) to the exact number of salt. The results can be generalized to all salinities shrimp live

Self Control Theory : A General Theory Of Crime
Self–control theory hypothesizes that self–discipline explains a variance in the extent to which people are susceptible to specific urges, whether
committing criminal or non–criminal actions. Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson gave rise to self–control theory in their book named A General
Theory of Crime. Because its creators define the self–control theory as a "general theory of crime", to them it is believed that this theory can be
implemented to multiple behaviors where a person is not capable to resist desires, which allow for a quick self–gratification. Not only this, but
Gottfredson and Hirschi also trust that the self–control theory describes the flexibility of crime; because of this, it is appropriate to assume that
criminals are also expected to partake in other dangerous behaviors seen as innocent by the law (Kubrin, Stucky, and Krohn 187).
Self–control theory operates under the assumption that willpower is developed early on in childhood and from thereafter it is relatively stable
throughout the remainder of that individual's life. Hirschi and Gottfredson state that low–self control can be determined by an individual's propensity
to have behaviors revolving around being "impulsive, insensitive, physical, risk–taking, short–sighted, and non–verbal" while also having a "here and
now" attitude towards situations (Kubrin, Stucky, and Krohn 186–187).
This theory mainly focuses on the belief that low self–control is caused by inadequate parenting. By not

Interpersonal Attraction Rating Of A Social Stigma...
The goal of this study was to measure interpersonal attraction as a means of determining whether or not there was a social stigma associated with
different loneliness states and race. The dependent variable in this study was the interpersonal attraction rating while the loneliness state and race were
the independent variables. Both race and loneliness state had the potential to impact the interpersonal attraction rating of the characters. According to
the results from this study, the null hypothesis had to be rejected. There was a significant difference between lonely and nonlonely states. The first
alternate hypothesis predicted that lonely people would exhibit less interpersonal attraction than nonlonely people. This could be accepted. However, the
second alternate hypothesis could not be accepted because there was no significant difference between Hispanic and White conditions, despite that the
hypothesis predicted that Hispanics would be judged more harshly. The third and fourth alternate hypotheses, which predicted that the Hispanic
condition would be less likeable in both loneliness states, could not be accepted based on the data of this study. By accepting the first alternate
hypothesis, the researchers uphold the findings of Lau and Gruen (1992). Their data indicated that there was a greater social stigma associated with
lonely people than nonlonely people. While Lau and Gruen (1992) found that the stigma interacted with gender, lonely women were judged more
harshly

Student Data Analysis
Data Analysis Techniques
Before describing the current study, the authors gave detailed background information including, references to studies and literature reviews on current
policies addressing weapons in school, students' likelihood of reporting, and the relationship between school climate and student outcomes. (2010, pg.
353–356) Additionally, the author highlighted, "noresearch to date has examined both school climate factors that influence reporting and different
circumstances in which students are willing to report other students carrying weapons. ( 2010, page 352–353). Wylie noted, (2010) for this study the
specific hypotheses below. The thirdhypothesis is the null hypothesis, because the researcher predicts no relationship ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The reports showed dependent variables with dichotomous coding asking students if they would report a student carrying a weapon. Following the
dichotomous questions were more specific Likert coded questions giving circumstances of how likely they would be to report if their were
consequences for themselves and for the weapon carrier. Furthermore, the results of the general willingness to report did not show any statistical
variance in terms of the structural characteristics of the school(s). However, school climate statistically showed it affected the general willingness to
report in certain circumstances such as, students' having positive trusting relationships to adults, students' collective identities and level of conflicts in
the schools. The data noted that younger students were more willing to report as well as, "students having fewer delinquent peers were more willing
to report weapons carrying than those who had delinquent peers, and students less involved in delinquency were more willing to report than those
involved in more delinquency." (2010, pg. 365). The data showed statistical differences exhibiting school environment did make a difference in
students' willingness to report weapons. The next set of data reported was a students' willingness to report in the case that the student carrying a
weapon would receive consequences. ( 2010, pg. 360). Two of the schools statistically showed, in Table 1 on page 361, students' were more willing to
report if they knew the students carrying weapons would receive

Ap Statistics Chapter 7
Data File 5
Chapter Nine
Show all work
Problem 1)
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null
hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test of significance.
Problem 2)
At one school, the average amount of time that tenth–graders spend watching television each week is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign
to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average
amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.
Problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When you enter group variable into grouping variable area, it will ask you to define the variables. Click define groups and place the number 1 into 1
and the number 2 into 2). b) What is the difference between the mean of the two groups? What is the difference in the standard deviation? c) What is
the null and alternative hypothesis? Do the data results lead you to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? d) What do the results tell you?
Problem 3)
Lilly collects data on a sample of 40 high school students to evaluate whether the proportion of female high school students who take advanced math
courses in high school varies depending upon whether they have been raised primarily by their father or by both their mother and their father. Two
variables are found below in the data file: math (0 = no advanced math and 1 = some advanced math) and Parent (1= primarily father and 2 = father

and mother).
ParentMath
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
1.00.0
2.00.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.01.0
2.00.0
2.00.0

2.00.0
2.00.0
2.00.0
2.00.0
2.00.0
2.00.0
2.00.0
2.00.0
a) Conduct a crosstabs analysis to examine the proportion of female high school

Examining The Age At Which Infants Recognize Other...
An experiment was performed to examine the age at which infants recognize certain outcomes as impossible. Five–month old infants were tested in the
procedure depicted in Figure 1. 3a. According to Figure 1, the first step in the experimental procedure is that two identical objects are to be placed into
a case or box, these objects are primarily toys that would capture an infant's attention. The infant would be roughly 5–months old, and the next step of
the experimental would consist that the screen that is hanging from the case or box is to be lifted up and cover the two objects from the 5–month old
infants vision. Within the third step the empty hand of the researcher doing the experiment would come in from the same hole that it first came
through when it first placed the two objects in the case. The forth step of the experiment would consist of the hand taking one of the two objects from
the case which may or may not be seen being removed. In the fourth step an object could also be added, which again can be hidden behind the screen
or be completely seen by the 5–month old infant. The fifth step of the experiment in turn would result in two ways, the first being that the case that
contained the two objects is now revealed to contain one. Now the second result can end up in which the 5–month old infant is left to wonder and think
as two why there may still be two objects when there was clearly a hand that came in to take one object away. 3b. There are two conditions that

Impact of Capital Structure and Dividend Policy on...
Title: Impact of Capital Structure and Dividend Policy on Shareholders' Value 1. Introduction
Dividend policy has been an issue of interest in financial literature as many theories have been established to estimate weather this effects the overall
value of the firm.Dividend policy connotes to the payout policy, which managers pursue in deciding the size and pattern of cash distribution to
shareholders over time. Managements' primary goal is shareholders' wealth maximization, which translates into maximizing the value of the company
as measured by the price of the company's common stock. This goal can be achieved by giving the shareholders a "fair" payment on their investments.
However, the impact of firm's dividend policy on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then we use Microsoft Excel to formulate and calculate Dividend payout ratio, capital structure, Return on Asset, Listing years of particular companies,
Log of Total asset, Capitalization and TQ.
Then we have put finding data into excel worksheet and used those data to run regression and distributive analysis on a SPSS like software, STATA.
After acquiring the analyzed data we dissected them for their interpretation and came to decision through Z test, which one should be accepted and
which one will be rejected.
We have given our findings, data, and workings both in this report and in softcopies of spreadsheet.
5.1 Sample:
We were given twenty companies to analyze and decide that, which has the greater impact or impact on shareholder's value in between Capital
structure and Dividend policy. We have succeed to collect data of 2010–2011 of 18 individual companies. They are; Golden Son Ltd; Kay and Que;
Eastern Cables ; Monno Jute Stafflers; Navana CNG Limited; National Polymer; National Tubes; Olympic Industries; Quasem Drycells; Rangpur
Foundry; S. Alam Cold Rolled Steels Ltd.; Singer Bangladesh; AMCL (Pran); Apex Foods; Bangas; British American Tobacco Bangladesh LTD.;
Beach Hatchery Ltd; Chittagong Vegetable ; 5.2 Data
The

Research On Magnetic Therapy
Psychological Claim
In the alternative medicine space, there is an assertion that magnetic therapy works to relieve pain. The retail industry has exploited this belief and has
turned the industry into a $1billion dollar industry (Palermo, 2015.)
Research Question
Does magnetic therapy reduce pain in individuals suffering from chronic pain?
Methods
After identifying a research question, the next step in the scientific method is to do research. Research should be performed using a credible source,
such as a library or Google Scholar, and key terms, such as magnetic therapy and pain management. It is important to ensure that the research is from a
respectable source and that it has been peered review to add credibility and reliability to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The null hypothesis is there is no change in the level of pain between a person wearing the bracelets and a person not wearing the bracelets.
To test the hypothesis a sample of Fibromyalgia patients, through a partnership with chronic pain specialists, should be selected. An ideal sample
should include at least 60 participants evenly divided into two groups, a control group and an experiment group. In order to prevent the specialist from
treating the two groups differently, the specialist should not know which group the participants are in. Each participant should be fitted with identical
looking ankle and wrist bracelets, the control group will have non–magnetic bracelets and the experiment group will be magnetic. The specialist will
then see each patient each week for one month and document the results of their pain, as typically chronicled by the specialist.
After the experiment is complete, the results will be compiled by group and by participant variables such as age, gender, number of years the
participant has been diagnosed with Fibromyalgia, and other treatments tried. These results will be analyzed for correlations.
In a perfect study, the results for the full cohort will show the hypothesis is true or untrue, with no ambiguity. However, the results are typically not that
black and white, especially when data is sorted by sub–groups based on the differing participant variables, and inconsistencies are found in the

Animal 's Ability Foraging Theory
Introduction
Within certain environments such as casinos or betting houses, it is not uncommon to see individuals choose sub–optimally, meaning individuals will
often choose options that offer a high reinforcement outcome but with a lower probability of it occurring than a safer choice that would offer less
reinforcement but more reliably. In animals, it would be expected not to see this behaviour, for instance,optimal foraging theory (Pyke, 1984) argues
that an animal 's ability forage ultimately effects there overall evolutionary fitness in terms of ability to survive and the ability for the genes to be
passed on. Therefore, choosing risky behaviour would ultimately be a deficit to their survival. However rather Paradoxically, animals do indulge in
very similar gambling behaviours to that seen in humans (Stagner & Zentall, 2010).
Gipson, Alessandri, Miller, and Zentall (2009)was able to show this phenomenon to which they provided pigeons with two alternative keys a 50%
discriminative chain, meaning it had two light that represented reinforcement or no reinforcement. A secondly akey that provided food 75%
reinforcement on a non–discriminatory chain, meaning that it had a single contingency. what they found was that pigeons would choose the 50%
alternative as opposed to the 75% chain despite it providing far more food Stagner and Zentall (2010) at a better rate. Implying that gambling
behaviours are visible in animals. The Procedure is where pigeons are provided with the

S. Albus Experiment
The aim of this experiment was to observe the effect different concentrations of Dettol had on the growth of S. albus. The highest concentration of
Dettol (100% – D) was predicted to be the most effective solution to kill and stop the growth of this particular bacteria. This can be justified as S.
albus is gram–positive; easier bacteria to kill, developing resistance slower than a gram–negative. Therefore, the highest concentration of antibiotic
should be – and was – the most successful in changing the pH levels, and killing S. albus. Through discussion and analysis of the results collected
through the experiment, it can be concluded that there is higher chance of killing and the growth of this particular bacteria if 100% Dettol is used.
When ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can be inferred that the more Dettol used, the larger the zone of inhibition will be. This was predicted as Dettol is an antibacterial solution,
therefore the higher the concentration is, the more effective the substance is in killing bacteria; S. albus. Though the 100% Dettol concentration (D)
is clearly the most effective in stopping the growth of S. albus (average zone of inhibition diameter being 20.12 mm), it may not be a healthy choice
if using the product on skin. After looking closely at the Agar plate, 'D' had burned away at parts of the disc, evidencing that using 100% Dettol on
your skin may lead to burns, justifying why it is not recommended on the company's bottle or official website.
Through the analysis and understanding of the results table and concepts, it is evident that the smallest diameter is solution 'A' (6mm) which can be
compared to the largest diameter – that being solution 'D' (23mm). This idea assists in justifying the hypothesis and research question as S. albus was
able to successfully grow in the incubator (hence why humans or warm–blooded animals are generally the host of this bacteria), and the highest
concentration of antibiotic was able to kill the gram–positive

Philosophy
Handout 1–3
Methods of Research
Research, systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge, is a central ingredient of the scientific method in psychology. It provides the
key to understanding the degree to which hypotheses (and the theories behind them) are accurate. Just as we can apply different theories and
hypotheses to explain the same phenomena, we can use a number of alternative methods to conduct research.
In this exercise, you will learn more about several methods of research that psychologists use to gain new knowledge about human behavior and ethical
concerns psychologists face when conducting research.
1. You are conducting research on sex differences in e–mails. Yourhypothesis is that men use more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, the habitat or environment cannot be controlled when making the observations.
3. You have decided to conduct a survey on whether a given political candidate will be popular with Latino voters.
* What is an advantage of the survey method?
The survey method can be advantageous to show that a political candidate would be popular amongst Latino votes because a larger population can be
surveyed. This would show the attitudes of those surveyed. * What is a disadvantage of the survey method?
The disadvantage is that the participants may not accurately or honestly answer the questions for fear of having socially unacceptable attitudes.
4. You have decided to use the case study method to investigate a mother's experience in raising a child with autism.
* What is an advantage of the case study method?
When studying a child with autism the case study method provides an in–depth and intense investigation of the individual and their behaviors. This
provides a better understanding of the individual.

* What is a disadvantage of the case study method?
The disadvantage is that the child is unique and the results couldn't be associated to the larger populations because the results may not apply to all or
represent the larger population accurately.
5. When conducting research what are some of the ethical concerns that must be addressed?
Ethical concerns to be address

Adhesive Patch Test
Melanoma diagnoses are solely dependent on visual assessment of pigmented lesions, which leaves a margin of error when deciding lesions to
biopsy; in turn, this leads to many invasive biopsies yielding negative results (Ferris et al., 2017). This wastes valuable resources: money,
dermatologists' time, pathologists' fees (Gerami et al., 2017). The purpose of my research was to test the effects of a non–invasive adhesive patch test
in improving melanoma diagnoses. My research question was: How does the use of DermTech non–invasive adhesive patch test impact overall
melanoma diagnosis in a dermatology clinic? My alternative hypothesis was that the DermTech noninvasive adhesive patch test would improve
diagnosis. My null hypothesis was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, measuring quantitative statistics of negative invasive biopsies was an appropriate method. I also assumed that there are no other changing
factors in the clinic that impact melanoma diagnosis. This lowered the external validity of my research and made it harder to generalize it to other
clinics, in other parts of the world. Although, the DermTech adhesive patch test claims to work for all abnormal/atypical skin lesions (Gerami et al.,
2017), I only studied melanoma due to the limited number of patients at my clinic.
For my research sub–question, I compared the results of patients that had lesions biopsied and had the DermTech test performed on the same lesion. I
assumed that the invasive biopsy always yielded correct results because the noninvasive DermTech was compared against it. I also had to assume that
the any results coming from the DermTech lab that claim to be indecisive were negative since they have no utility in the diagnosing procedure.
My external validity was low since I only had access to one pathology lab and one dermatology clinic. Furthermore, the clinic only had one
dermatologist whose diagnoses I measured. The dermatologist did not account for all age groups, levels of experience etc.
My research had high internal validity since the same dermatologist and nurses remained constant throughout the course of the data that I collected.
There have also been no other changes in

How Technological Advancements Have Influenced Forensic...
Introduction Technologies are advancing in today's world where more information is being generated, stored and distributed through digital gadgets.
This requires investigators and forensic expert to increase the use of digital evidence gathering as a tool to fight against cyber–crime (International
competition network, n.d.). There are several process and challenges found during examining process. In process there is a model called "process
model" which is a step to prepare, collect, examine, analysis and report the evidences. Preparation: During an investigation the needed task is to
prepare equipment and tools. Collection: Electronic evidence to be searched for and collected. o Secure and Evaluate the Scene: To identify potential...
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Moreover higher official instruct first responder to leave the discovered mobile device to be powered on at the crime scene. However forensics
equipment such as Faraday bag are reliable but cannot be fully guaranteed the signal will not reach the phone, in order to block the phone from
receiving data. Lastly, criminal investigation can be preceded by suppression hearing where the judge look at the evidence and determines if an
unreasonable search violated a defendant's constitutional right In this case, the forensic investigator has to follow the laws that deal with evidences. In
overall, obtaining legal evidence from a mobile device is vital. David W (Bennett , August 20, 2011). Even though, electronic evidence poses special
challenges, following proper forensic procedures as listed above will meet these challenges (Technical Working Group, july 2001). There are eight
sections in this paper, first section is the introduction about digital evidence examination process and its challenges, second section is about describing
digital evidence, third section is explanation about principles of cyber forensics, fourth section is about examination process, section 5 will discuss
about Process model for Inculpatory and Exculpatory cases. Sixth section will discuss about crime reconstruction hypotheses. Seventh section discuss
about alternative hypotheses and their importance, and finally, Last section concludes the paper. Digital evidence

Science and Investigatory Project
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
1. Get an idea. All of the following steps will base on your idea. Make sure it doesn't break any rule or else you might get disqualified. You can
search for it if you don't have any idea. 2. Form a title. Usually titles are in a form of a question. This are examples. The question can start in how, does
and many other. Does temperature affect the growth of molds?
Does salt affect the density of water?
3. Research your idea. You have to know your idea more. You can do this by reading, surfing the Internet or discussing it. Knowing your idea more
will help you construct your work. 4. Form a hypothesis. Hypothesis will be your prediction in the idea that you choose. You don't need to research for
this. You just have... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has an objective or purpose. It should not be written too long or too short. By just reading the title, you can determine what the investigative study is
all about.
Abstract
The Abstract should be one or two paragraphs only. It includes your research problems, the method or procedure that you used and the findings or
conclusion of the study.
Chapter I
1. Introduction and Its Background
The Introduction is about one page only wherein it includes the background of the study and its rationale. It usually leads into the research problem.
2. Statement of the Problem
The Statement of the Problem has two categories namely: the general problem and specific problems. Usually, one general problem and three specific
problems which derived from the general problem. The research problems should be specific, reliable,valid, measurable, objectively stated. It can be a
question form or in a declarative statement.
3. Formulation of the Hypothesis
The Formulation of the Hypothesis has two types namely: the null hypothesis and affirmative hypothesis. Hypotheses is a scientific guess which
intends subject for thorough investigation. It is recommended to use null hypothesis in your research project.
4. Significant of the Study
The Significant of the Study indicates how important is your investigatory project for the people, environment and community as a whole. It is really
relevant in the changing world or global impact into the field

One Sample Hypothesis Testing Paper
One Sample Hypothesis Testing Paper
Do Major League Baseball teams with higher salaries win more frequently than other teams? Although many people believe that the larger payroll
budgets win games, which point does vary, depending on the situation. "...performances by individual players vary quite a bit from year to year,
preventing owners from guaranteeing success on the field. Team spending is certainly a component in winning, but no team can buy a
championship." (Bradbury). For some, it's hard not to root for the lower paid teams. If the big money teams, like Goliath, are always supposed to
win, it's hard not cheer for David. This paper will discuss the effects of payroll budgets on the percentage of wins for the 30 Major League ... Show
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This leads to the numerical hypothesis statements regarding the null and alternative hypotheses.
Null Hypothesis: Ho=пЃ1 п‚Ј пЃ2
Alternative Hypothesis Ho=пЃ1 > пЃ2
The research methodology is to divide the teams by their salary means. Then the win means will be compared to determine if there's a significant
difference in production of high salary teams and lower salary teams. пЃ1, teams with larger payrolls, will be defined as teams with payrolls that are
average or above average (see chart team A) and пЃ2, teams with smaller payrolls, will be defined as teams with less than average payrolls (see chart
team B).
State the Level of Significance
Alpha: пЃЎ =. 05=t.05 with 28 degrees of freedom=1.701(from Alex calculator)
Test static t (because пЃі is unknown) Decision rule: if t>1.701 reject Ho
Calculation of test value t=xbar1–xbar2/the square root of s squared subscript p(1/n1+1/n2) s squared subscript p=(n1–1)s squared2 subscript1+(n2–1)s
squared2 subscript2]/n1+n2–2. The numerator of the function, n1+n2–2, is the degrees of freedom.
Team A (п
Ѓ1)Team B (пЃ2)
Sample Mean85.8676.88
Sample Stdev10.659.42
Number1416
The t static = 88.86–76.88=11.98
п‚ёThe square root of
1474.493+1331.046/14+16–2(1/14+1/16)=

11.98п‚ёthe square root of 100.198(.134)=
11.98п‚ё3664=3.27
Decision
Since 3.27 the t statistic is in the rejection area to the right of пЃЎ=1.701, the level of

Example Of An Alternative Hypothesis
Hypothesis:
If the sodas are diet or contain fake sugar then they will float.
Was your hypothesis supported? _Yes___
Explain why
Cans of regular soda are more dense because more sugar is added to them, the diet or no sugar sodas float because they use less fake sweetener, more
grams of sugar and in regular sodas than the milligrams in diet sodas.
If your hypothesis was not supported, state why and present an alternative hypothesis
Can Set 2
Hypothesis:
If the sodas are diet or contain fake sugar then they will float.
Was your hypothesis supported? _Yes__
Explain why
Sparks contains 10g of carbohydrates, and sank.
If your hypothesis was not supported, state why and present an alternative hypothesis
If a soda can contains 10g

3a Toddler Experiment
3a.The first step of the experimental procedure depicted in Figure 1 is two dolls are positioned in a box and then shown to the toddlers. The
second step is a screen or wall is placed in front of the dolls, giving the toddlers no sight of the dolls. The third step is an empty hand emerges. The
fourth step is the hand removes a doll from within the box. The fifth step is the screen or wall is removed and then either there is now one doll present
which would be the possible outcome, or the two dolls are still there in which would be the impossible outcome. 3b. This experiment involves two
different conditions. However the condition that is most appropriately called the experimental condition would be the impossible outcome because
unlike the possible outcome where the toddlers might know the result, it is the impossible outcome that gives the toddlers no sense of what to expect....
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In this experiment, a separate control group would be needed to demonstrate more comparable data with a regulation, and show the differences on how
the infants observe both the possible and impossible outcomes. For this particular experiment, the possible outcome would be the control group. 3c. As
mentioned before as the Habituation technique, this technique is applied in this experiment to test if the toddlers response or stare time would decline
when shown the two dolls they have already viewed, or their response would be fast and their stare time increase, also known as dishabituation. The
independent variable for this experiment would be both the possible and impossible outcomes, and the dependent variable would be the toddlers'
amount of staring

Pollination Paper
Jonathan Varghese
Pollination Paper
Title
Pollinators show no preference between Goldenrod Plants and Aster Plants regardless of differences in flower length.
Introduction
In this experiment, we observed the pollination of various plants by various pollinators in the Binghamton University Nature Preserve. We collected
data by observing various plants by the pond trail area of the nature preserve and attempted to explain why some plants were structurally more attractive
to pollinators than other plants. While observing a variety of plants, it became clear that the Goldenrod Plant and the Aster plant were the most
attractive. This conclusion was drawn because they attracted the most pollinators. In fact, data collected of the other ... Show more content on
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The Chicory was pollinated by a total of 18 pollinators (8 Wasps, 2 Bumble Bees, 8 Honeybees). The Knapweed was pollinated by a total of 8
pollinators (6 Bumble Bees, 2 Butterflies).
As discussed before, in order to study the structural attractiveness of a plant it needed to be considered "significant" or have at least 30 points of
pollinator data. The above bar graph displays the only two observed plants that had 30 points of pollinator data over the course of the three days. The
Goldenrod plant had 35 points of data and the Aster plant had 42 points of data, making them both significant enough to study further. Previous work
by Koch classified both these plants as Composite Flowers (1930). Given their similar internal structures, we would focus on a difference in flower
length, an external structure, to explain the differences in pollinator visitations. Previous work by Gross& Werner has shown the average flower length
of Goldenrod plants to be Вѕ of an inch (1983). Previous work by Harder has shown the average flower length of Aster plants to be 2 inches (1985).
Chi Square Data
Goldenrod Aster
Honey Bee.0086.0086

Butterfly .2571.225
Bumble Bee.25.2469
Fly.3556.2909
Wasp .089.0743
2 = 1.806 df= 4
C= 9.5
2 C – Fail to reject null hypothesis Discussion
The Chi Square analysis above shows that

The Basic Components Of Launching Learning Organization
Continuous improvement programs is an uninterrupted effort to create entities superior and countless organizations rely on these for enhanced
improvements. But why we need it? What we want from it? Why build it? A key prerequisite towards learning demands a strong commitment.
However, an absenteeism of inclination to acquire fresh techniques, the organization is certain of reiterating the unchanged traditional methods. These
act as a pull–down force against improvement. Three M's: Method, management and measurement are the basic components of launching learning
organization. Moreover, a proper understanding of the basic components is necessary for moving forward. A fresh perception for problem–solving,
experimentation, learning from past experiences & others and transferring knowledge is essential for developing long lasting improvements. Various
executives from Analog devices, Chaparral Steel, Xerox, IBM, and Boeing have understood their shortcomings and developed an improved version
with the modern viewpoint. Motorola executives used the benchmarking approach for the organization. Garvin refers to various terminologies about
the learning organization by different scholars such as Peter Senge and Nonoka. Senge recommends the use of five component technologies that
consists of system thinking, personal mastery, mental models, shared visions & team building to achieve the learning organization. Furthermore,
Nonoka strategy claims about account focus thinking, encourage

Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing is basically a process that uses statistical inference to test claims about population parameters. In hypothesis testing we begin by
making a tentative assumption about a population parameter. This assumption is called the null hypothesis and is denoted by Ho. We then define
another hypothesis, called the alternative hypothesis, which is the opposite of what is stated is the null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is denoted
by Ha. The hypothesis testing procedure involves using data from a sample to test the competing claims indicated by the null and alternate hypotheses.
Testing the hypothesis is similar to a criminal trail. Ho: The defendant is innocent Ha: The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Testing this will entail taking a sample of the 2–liter bottles and measuring their contents. In terms of the hypotheses formulation you give the
company the benefit of the doubt and assume that their claim is true. Using this approach the hypothesis will be stated as given below: H0: [pic]> 67
Ha: [pic]< 67
In a situation where we are testing the validity of an assumption, the null hypothesis is generally formulated based on the assumption. The alternate
hypothesis is formulated so that the rejection of the null will provide statistical evidence that the stated assumption is incorrect.
Decision Making
A hypothesis–testing situation involving decision making occurs when a decision maker must choose between two courses of action, one associated
with the null hypothesis and the other with the alternate hypothesis. For example, on the basis of a sample of parts from a shipment that has just been
received, a quality control inspector must decide whether to accept the shipment or return it to the supplier because it does not meet specifications.
Assume that a specification for the part indicates a mean length of 1 inch per part is required. If the average length of the part is greater than or less
than the 1inch standard, the parts will cause quality problems. In this case the null and alternative hypotheses would be formulated as follows: H0:
[pic]=

Ethical Behavior At Rocky University
Ethical Behavior at Rocky University Ethical behavior should be expected from college students; however, it is not always present. There is a moral
obligation for students, earning a degree, that they are in fact the ones doing the homework and tests. The prevalence of online institutions has helped
enable a multitude of working individuals earn a degree. Without the classroom setting, it is arduous for a professor to ensure who is on the other end
of the keyboard and monitor. In fact, Gopala, Paswan, and Qin (2015) stated that regarding online classes and degree programs, "as a component of
distant–learning initiatives, have attracted a lot of attention from educational institutions, administrators, policymakers, and society at large.
According to results of Pew Research Center 2011 Surveys, about 23 percent of college graduates have taken online courses" (p. 67). Rocky
University has conducted a survey asking 90 of its students whether or not he or she may have cheated on any assignments. Rocky University is
interested in comparing itself with other Universities as well as setting a benchmark of its own situation. The following will enable the reader to
understand just where Rocky stands after the results of the survey are tallied. Overview of the Rocky University Survey The data analyzed herein,
were gathered from 90 of Rocky University students. There were 46 female respondents and 44 male respondents. Each was asked a series of three
questions: have you ever copied

The Dual Coding Theory Of The Human Mind And Its Functions
Assignment introduction
Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, including how it influences our behaviour. Cognitive psychology is the study of
human mental processes and their role in thinking, feeling and behaving. It studies processes like attention, language use, memory, thinking, problem
solving, perception and creativity. Memory is the mental capacity to retain and revive events, facts, impressions etc or recall and recognise previous
experiences. We can remember information for seconds, hours, weeks, months or years after the physical stimuli that was present has ceased to occur
or exist. This study will be based upon the dual coding theory (Pavio 1971) which was a theory that explained the powerful ... Show more content on
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Bower studied the effect of creating a visual image to assist verbal recall. In one experiment, the participants were given out 100 different cards,
one at a time which each had two unrelated words on it , like 'cat' and 'tree'. The participants either had to remember the pair or create a visual
scene in which both objects were featured. When the participants were given a cued recall test (given the first of each pair of words), the group
who created a visual scene recalled 80% of the target words, whereas those who did not remember an image could only recall 45%. It was proven
that the images which were more unusual were easier to remember, for example it would be better to visualise a cat living inside a tree, rather than a
cat climbing up a tree as the first scene is more unlikely and bizarre.
Experimental Hypothesis:
Individuals are more likely to recall words if it is given in picture form rather than just the word shown alone.
Null Hypothesis:
Being shown images compared to just being showing the word does not change an individual's ability to recall the word.
Method
The method of the study was to test whether being shown images to remember a word improves recall of the given words in lab conditions.
Design
The design of this experiment was independent measures under lab conditions to ensure that the most valid and comparable results were provided.
Before the controlled experiment took

Daphnia Lab Report
Effects of Temperature Changes and the Chemicals Acetylcholine and Epinephrine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia magna
Anna Rasavong
B01241659
BY124L Section B7
13 November 2014 Introduction
Daphnia magna, arthropods of the subphylum Crustacea, are widely used during laboratory experiments because they are very sensitive to many
environmental parameters including temperature and chemical contaminants (Cornell, 2009). In this experiment, Daphnia magna were tested under
different experimental factors, including temperature changes and exposure to different chemical, in order to observe the effect of environmental
conditions on their heart rate.
Generally, kinetic energy increases as temperature increases causing molecules ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regarding temperature changes, the null hypothesis is that their heart rate will remain constant regardless of increasing or decreasing the external
temperature of the Daphnia. The alternative hypothesis is that the heart rate will increase with more heat and will decrease with a decrease a decrease
in temperature, meaning that heart rate and temperature are directly related. In regards to the chemicals acetylcholine and epinephrine, the null
hypothesis is that both chemicals will have no effect on the heart rate of the Daphnia. In contrast, the alternative hypothesis is that their heart rate will
increase with exposure to epinephrine and decrease with exposure to

Essay on Bus310 Accounting Theory and Accountability
BUS310 ACCOUNTING THEORY AND ACCOUNTABILITY WORKSHOP 1 SOLUTIONS 1) GHHT: Chapter 1: Theory in Action 1.1 The
article describes how a particular theoretical approach has been replaced by another. Explain why one theory replaces another, and who, or what,
determines whether an existing theory survives. A theory is primarily meant to explain or predict an event, behaviour or outcome. Proponents of a
theory look for evidence to support the theory. This evidence should be independently observed and consistent after repeated observations. Some
theories are speculative or ideas or guesses floated to encourage researchers to undertake the observations required to prove or disprove the theory. The
question often debated is what comes... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Does the reintroduction of a theory mean that it should not have been replaced in the first place? Theories about how the economy works and what
will happen in the economy where there is monetary policy or fiscal policy intervention are appropriate in assisting policy–makers understand the
possible implications of decisions they make or are under consideration. However, they are rarely complete models and often outcomes cannot be
predicted. Reintroduction of a theory suggests that new evidence in support of the theory has been reported. 3. Should a theory be discarded if it
does not specify the means of achieving a stated objective? Explain your answer. The theory itself doesn't have to specify the means of achieving a
stated objective; however, it has to provide a sound basis for explaining, defining and predicting behaviour. The application of the theory can have
many elements and it is in the interpretation of what will induce the predicted effects in the economy predicted by the theory which will result in
predicted or other stated outcomes. Q2) Readings 1. Principal images that have shaped the development of accounting theory: Historical record: One of
the early objectives of historical cost accounting was stewardship. This meant that financial reports were a report on how well management had
safeguarded the

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