this about the process and people involved to frame our indian constitution

1. Indian Constitution Framers
A detailed explanation
-Created by Tanay Kapadia

2. Introduction
• Indian constitution was formed on 26’th November 1949 and was
brought into use on 26’th January 1950
• It was framed by a Drafting committee which was formed on 29
August 1947 with B.R. Ambedkar as a chairman

3. Constituent Assembly
 The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was
elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies.
 Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C.
Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal
Munshi, Purushottam Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and
Balwantrai Mehta were some important figures in the Assembly.
 There were more than 30 members of the scheduled classes. Frank
Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community, and the Parsis were
represented by H. P. Modi.
 The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent Assembly was Dr
Sachchidananda Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of
the Constituent Assembly.[24] The members of the Constituent Assembly
met for the first time on 9 December 1946.

4. More about Constituent Assembly
 An idea for a Constituent Assembly of India was proposed in 1934 by M. N. Roy, a pioneer of the
Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy.
 It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935, and was accepted by
the British in August 1940.
 On 8 August 1940, a statement was made by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow about the expansion of
the Governor-General's Executive Council and the establishment of a War Advisory Council. This
offer, known as the August Offer, included giving full weight to minority opinions and allowing
Indians to draft their own constitution.
 The members of the Constituent Assembly were elected by the provincial assemblies by a
single, transferable-vote system of proportional representation.

5. Drafting Committee
• On the 14 August 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees
was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union
Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee.
• On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the
Chairman along with six other members assisted by a constitutional advisor. These members
were-
i. Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant
ii. K M Munshi
iii. Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
iv. N Gopalaswami Ayengar
v. Md. Saadullah
vi. D P Khaitan

6. Working of Constituent Assembly
• The manner in which the Constituent Assembly arrived at decisions was that of consensus
defined by Austin as manner of making decision by unanimity or near unanimity.
• An effort was made to smoothen differences and arrive at compromises and agreement.
The objective was to overcome the biases and an element of overruling dissent, ingrained
in” decision by majority.
• It must however be noted that while the formal centres of the work of drafting the
constitution were no doubt the Constituent Assembly and Drafting Committee, the
Congress leaders held the important powers of decision-making.

7. Working of Drafting
Committee
 The Assembly met in sessions open to the public, for 166 days, spread over a
period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution,
the 308 members of the Assembly signed two copies of the document (one
each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950.
 The original Constitution of India is hand-written with beautiful calligraphy,
each page beautified and decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including
Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.
 Two days later, on 26 January 1950, the Constitution of India became the law
of all the States and territories of India. Rs.1,00,00,000 was official estimate of
expenditure on constituent assembly. The Constitution has undergone many
amendments since its enactment.

8. “Law and order are the medicine of the body politic
and when the body politic gets sick, medicine must be
administered.”- B.R Ambedkar
B.R. Ambedkar
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar ( 14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956), popularly
known as Babasaheb, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social
reformer who inspired the Modern Buddhist Movement and campaigned
against social discrimination against Untouchables (Dalits), women and
labour. He was Independent India's first law minister and the principal
architect of the Constitution of India.

9. Principal committees and chairs
I. Committee on the Rules of Procedure: Rajendra Prasad
II. Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar
III. Steering Committee: Rajendra Prasad
IV. Finance and Staff Committee: Rajendra Prasad
V. Credential Committee: Alladi Krishnaswami Aiyyar
VI. House Committee: B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
VII. Order of Business Committee: K. M. Munshi
VIII. Ad Hoc Committee on National Flag: Rajendra Prasad
IX. Committee on Functions of Constituent Assembly: G.V. Mavlankar
X. States Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
XI. Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas: Vallabhbhai Patel
XII. Minorities Sub-Committee: H. C. Mookherjee
• Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee: J. B. Kriplani
• North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
• Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than Those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A. V. Thakkar
• Union Powers Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
• Union Constitution Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru

10. Interesting Facts about framing the
constitution
• India has the longest constitution in the world. It has 448 articles, 12 schedules and 94
amendments
• The drafting committee had handwritten and calligraphed the constitution - both in English
and in Hindi. There was no typing or print involved.
• After the constitution was presented to the Constituent Assembly, they took two years,
eleven months and seventeen days to pass it.

11. Thank you