3.  Life Expectancy
 Education
 Employment & Salary
 Wealth
 House prices
 Cost of Living
 How long does it take to get to London by train?
(Providing an important business link to the capital)
 Politics (Conservative Centre-right /Labour)
 Weather
 Culture (Music, Football)
 Linguistic Difference

4. Anglo-Saxon
Kingdoms of
Northumbria and
Mercia settled by
different tribes
(Anglian) from the
kingdoms of the
South (Saxon).
Dialects were
different from the
start

5. Differing north-south lines
Jewell (1994), Historian
Ordnance Survey, mapping
organisation
Trudgill (based on SED data) (1990)
Britannia Inferior, Roman north-south
boundary
Ellis (1889); SED Northern Area
Wells (based on SED data) (1982)
STRUT-FOOT boundary
Long ‘a’ boundary
Daniel Dorling (2003), Human
Geographer
Jack (1987), Political journalist
Town and Country Planning
Association (1987)
Smith (1989), socio-economic
commentator
Southern limit of the Danelaw

8. The North is grey, dull and bleak
Northeners are unintelligent and uncultured
Northeners don’t speak properly
Northeners eat less sophisticated foods
The North is heavily industrialised and thus
populated by Working-Class people
o Dress sense & fashion
The North is friendlier than the South
All Southerners are snobs
Southeners are weaker

9. When you go to the industrial North you are conscious, quite apart
from the unfamiliar scenery, or entering a strange country. This is
partly because of the North-South antithesis which has been rubbed
into us for such a long time past. There exists in England a curious cult
of Northernness, a sort of Northern snobbishness. A Yorkshireman in
the South will always take care to let you know that he regards you
as an inferior. If you ask him why, he will explain that it is only the
North that life is ‘real’ life, that the industrial work done in the North is
the only ‘real’ work, that the North is inhabited by ‘real’ people, the
South merely by rentiers and their parasites. The Northerner has ‘grit’,
he is grim, ‘dour’, plucky, warm-hearted and democratic; the
Southerner is snobbish, effeminate and lazy… Hence the Southerner
goes north, at any rate for the first time, with the vague inferiority-
complex of a civilised man venturing among savages, while the
Yorkshireman, like the Scotchman, comes to London in the spirit of a
barbarian out for loot. ~
George Orwell in The Road to Wigan Pier

10. Jenny considers herself to
have a strong Mancunian
accent. We could
therefore infer that this links
to her self identity and her
sense of belonging to
Manchester as a region.
She states that she feels her
accent is 'friendlier' than
the southern accent,
proving that language
attitudes spread much
further than just how the
accent sounds, but also
how people with that
accent behave and
interact within society.

11. Amaan immediately states his
'southern accent is better than
the Northerner's accent,' which is
typical of value judgements
often made when non-linguists
hear different accents.
Furthermore, Amaan discusses how
his accent gives him recognition
(even internationally) and
this suggests he feels a sense of
security bound up in his accent,
making him identifiable to a
strong and cultural region such
as London.
Finally, he makes links between
London and it's connotations with
'money and power.' This could
suggest that he likes to associate
with this prestige and his accent
makes him feel included in this.

12. In groups, read the chapters about the
differences between the North & South and
summarise them.
Then, share your conclusions with your class.