Eutrophication Its History Process Type Causes Effects

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Date : 26-Mar-20
ON
Eutrophication
NAME: Muhammad Tahir
ROLL NO. 54
ASSIGNMENT: Environmental Geography
SUBMITTED To: DR. Muhammad Wakeel
Department of Geography Bahauddin
Zakariya University Multan

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Eutrophication
Basic Idea:
 It is derived from greek word
‘Eutrophia’ EU Means ‘well’ and
trophia means ‘nourished’ thus it
means well nourished
 It is also called “ Hypertrophication”
 It is the type of water pollution
Definition of Eutrophication;
Eutrophication is the process in
which extra nutrients such as ( Nitrogen
and phosphorus) is added in water. Which
result excessive plant growth. Like Algae
( Algal bloom)
History of Eutrophication;
 Eutrophe was first use by German botanist Weber in 1907, to
describe the high nutrient condition.
 The term ‘Eutrophication’ came in common from 1940
Eutrophication notice as a pollution problem in North
American lakes in the mid of 20th Century by Rohde in 1969
Process of Eutrophication;
1. Fertilizers flows in water
2. Increased plant Growth on the surface of water
Algal Bloom; when the
quantity of algae is
increase and the water
turn to green then it is
called Algal bloom

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3.Decreased sun light in lower level of water
4. Plants in lower levels of water to die
5. Bacteria decompose the plants. And bacteria use up all
dissolved oxygen in the lake
6.Because of this, all living organism in the lake die
Types of Eutrophication
1. Natural Eutrophication; Eutrophication that caused by
normal process of the nature is called Natural Eutrophication. It
takes centuries to affect the water bodies.
Causes of Natural Eutrophication.
Floods and natural flow of rivers wash excess nutrients off
land into water system causes excessive growth of algal
bloom
As lakes grow old, they naturally accumulate sediments
and nutrients which contribute the growth of
phytoplankton and cyanobaterial bloom
Erosion of Rocks
2. Cultural Eutrophication; The Eutrophication that caused by
human Actives is called cultural Eutrophication.it is a rapid
process that take decay to effect the water. It is the process that
speed up the Natural Eutrophication process
When the fertilizer is spread on land for Agricultural
practices. Then the fertilizer is washed down by rain and
absorbed by soil and transported to lake by under ground
water. The presence of fertilizers causes over growth of
algal bloom and aquatic plants
Direct sewage discharge and industrial waste into water
bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans introduce high

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amount of chemical nutrients therefore move the dense
growth of algal bloom and other aquatic plants which
threatens survival of aquatic life in many ways
Effects of Eutrophication;
 Dangerous for the survivor of fish and other aquatic
life
 Some species of algae produce toxin which is harm
full to begins and animals
 The water become unstable for drinking even after
treatment
 Decrease in the transparency of water
 Algal bloom can have unpleasant smell
 Threat for fishing industries
 Unable for boating, fishing and swimming
 Increased vegetation may block water flow
Prevention of Eutrophication;
 Reduce the input of chemical fertilizers or better to do natural
once
 Fields not close to water bodies
 Sewage treatment ( removal of nutrients)
 Prevention of erosion of soil
Survey Showed that 54% of lakes in Asia, 53% in Europe, 48%
in North America, 41% South America and 28% in Africa Are
Eutropic. ( ILEC 1993)

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