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1. In today's world we are faced with situations everyday where
statistics can be applied. Statistics can be used to determine the
potential outcome of thousands of things where the human mind
alone wouldn't be able to. Statistics benefits all of us because we
are able to predict the future based on data we have previously
gathered. Being able to predict the future not only changes our
lifestyle but also helps us be more efficient and effective. With
statistics we can determine how we will live a year from now, ten
years from now, and so on. This is important because if we didn't
have data from the past to look upon, we wouldn't be able to
prolong our existence by avoiding recurring climate changes like
hurricanes and tsunamis and such. Things like these make our
lives easier and help us make educated decisions based on what
we already know because of statistics.
A good example is that based on data we have
gathered from the past, we know that it is extremely likely that in
specific parts of the world it will snow during winter and because
we know this, we can prepare by having warm clothes ready and
the proper equipment to deal with the snow. Statistics are used
all over the world. They can be applied in almost any situation and
can always help. They are used in explaining group behavior of
organisms, marketing research, and the list goes on and on. A
good example is how scientists observe the behavior of groups of
animals. Scientists can record data from a group of elephants and
determine that a certain percentage of elephant herds will defend
themselves from predators while the other percentage may run

2. away. This kind of data can help scientists predict the elephant's
lifestyle and culture. Statistics affects our daily life every day.
Researchers use statistics to advertise their products which in turn
we the consumer purchase. The price of the products we buy are
determined upon statistics which show the demand for the
product at that point in time and because of these statistics, we
the consumers pay a certain amount of money to buy the
product. Another example of how statistics affect me is in school.
Every year statistics are looked over and the curriculums for the
classes I take are based on data collected in the past. The
curriculums are modified and help the learning process. With
these statistics we are able to modify things to make them more
effective. This is why statistics is important in the first place - we
can improve our lifestyle with statistics. If we know how people
have lived in the past and how we have evolved, we can prepare
for the future and live longer and evolve more effectively. We can
tell from data gathered in the 90's that cigarette smoking in the
10th grade has been slowly declining over the years (1). From this
we can assume that something is being done correctly to bring
the statistics down. Another example is that in 1975, the USA
started paying more attention to the spousal homicide rates. The
USA took the proper precautions to help lower these rates and it
worked (2). Since 1975, the yearly spousal homicide rate has gone
down from 2300 to 800. Because of statistics, people were able to
make predictions and help save lives. In conclusion, statistics are a
major staple of our world today. They are used in practically any
situation and help improve our overall lifestyle. Statistics change
the way we think about tomorrow and the way we live today and
without them.

3. It is a fact of life that experimental results always show some
degree of random variation, and a chemist needs to be able to
handle and quantify the resultant uncertainties. For example, if
we measure the concentration of a solution to be 23.00 mg dm-3,
it is very unlikely that the true value is exactly 23.00 mg dm-3 - so
how do we describe the result in a way that conveys the inherent
uncertainty? The best that we can do might be to say that we are
95% confident that the true value lies between 22.86 mg dm-3
and 23.14 mg dm-3 - this is an example of a 95% confidence
interval. To calculate this ‘confidence interval’ we need some
simple mathematics to handle the random variation in
experimental data - this is a function of the branch of
mathematics called ‘statistics’.
Statistics also allows a chemist to make decisions, based on
probabilities, in a way that is understood and accepted universally
by other scientists. This is the area of statistics called hypothesis
testing, which provides a range of tests suitable for different
problems. For example, a number of replicate measures of a
pollutant in industrial waste water might suggest that a regulatory
level has been exceeded - but could the difference be due only to
random uncertainty in the measurement itself? A t-test could be
used to decide, with a defined level of confidence, whether the
regulation has been broken.
-------------------------
The sources of experimental variation fall into TWO main
categories:

4. • Variations in the measurement process itself, e.g. variations in
the output from a spectrophotometer when exactly the same
measurement is repeated.
• Variations in the system being measured, e.g. the emission
from a radioactive isotope shows random fluctuations in addition
to its long-term exponential decay.
1. Design of Experiments (DOE) uses statistical techniques to test
and construct models of engineering components and systems.
2. Quality control and process control use statistics as a tool to
manage conformance to specifications of manufacturing
processes and their products.
3. Time and methods engineering uses statistics to study
repetitive operations in manufacturing in order to set standards
and find optimum (in some sense) manufacturing procedures.
4. Reliability engineering uses statistics to measures the ability of
a system to perform for its intended function (and time) and has
tools for improving performance.
5. Probabilistic design uses statistics in the use of probability in
product and system design.
The most obvious answer runs as follows:
Understanding the physical world, from large scale processes
(e.g., the orbit of planets around the sun), to small scale processes
(e.g., the behavior of sub-atomic particles) involves
experimentation. The experiments physicists carry out produce

5. data, and statistics is required to make sense of the data. Usually
results are inductive. The physicist can use the observations in the
experiment to make general statements about the nature of the
universe (this is called "inferential" statistics).
Economics largely depends upon statistics. National income
accounts are multipurpose indicators for economists and
administrators, and statistical methods are used to prepare these
accounts. In economics research, statistical methods are used to
collect and analyze the data and test hypotheses. The relationship
between supply and demand is studied by statistical methods;
imports and exports, inflation rates, and per capita income are
problems which require a good knowledge of statistics.
Statistics plays an important role in banking. Banks
make use of statistics for a number of purposes. They work on the
principle that everyone who deposits their money with the banks
does not withdraw it at the same time. The bank earns profits out
of these deposits by lending it to others on interest. Bankers use
statistical approaches based on probability to estimate the
number of deposits and their claims for a certain day.

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Exports
Exports
SIMPLE BAR CHART:-
Exports of Pakistan (in US $ million)

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Birth Rate
Death Rate
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no. of goats
no. of sheep
MULTIPLE BAR CHART :-
Death & Birth Rate In different Countries
COMPONENT BAR CHART:-
No. Of Sheep & Goats In Different Cities Of Pak.