The document provides a summary of a seismic hazard study for the Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit Corridor Project. It analyzes the regional tectonic setting and identifies major active faults in the project area, including the Main Karakoram Thrust, Kohistan Faults, and Main Mantle Thrust. A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is conducted considering seven seismic source zones. The analysis finds a peak ground acceleration of 0.23g for a 475-year return period, consistent with the project area being in Seismic Zone 2B according to the Building Code of Pakistan.

1. Consultant in
Seismology, Geophysics & Geology
Cell: 0300-5478842
PESHAWAR BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT)
CORRIDOR PROJECT
MM PAKISTAN (Pvt) Ltd.
SEISMIC HAZARD STUDIES
JANUARY 2018
PREPARED BY
SYED KAZIM MEHDI

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For the Seismic Hazard Studies (SHS) of the Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Corridor
Project, an assessment of regional geological and tectonic information collected from the
existing literature and maps has been carried out. On the basis of available data, the critical
tectonic features affecting the Project region has been identified and Seismic Hazard Studies
(SHS) has been conducted using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) approach, for
selecting the seismic design parameters of the Project, in accordance with the Building Code
of Pakistan (BCP), Seismic Provisions (2007).
Seismotectonic features in the Peshawar Region are seismically active at moderate to high
level. The historical earthquake data shows that a few damaging earthquakes have occurred
within 200 km radius from the Peshawar. The prominent recent one is the October 08, 2005
Kashmir-Hazara earthquake with magnitude Mw=7.6. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
(PSHA) has been carried out using the single site EZ-FRISK software developed by Fugro
Engineering Consultants, USA, keeping in view the guidelines contained in the Building Code
of Pakistan (BCP), Seismic Provisions (2007).
The Project region was divided into seven area seismic source zones based on their
homogeneous tectonic and seismic characteristics. Latest NGA (2008) equations developed
under Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Centre by Abrahamson & Silva,
Boore & Atkinson, and Campbell & Bozorgnia were used.
The Project falls in Zone-2B of Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions (2007). The
seismic range of Zone-2B is from 0.16g to 0.24g. The Building Code of Pakistan Seismic
Provision 2007, specifically places Peshawar in Zone-2B and explicitly defines that “Z” Value
of Zone-2B is 0.20.
The total hazard curve obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis gives a horizontal
Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.23g for a return period of 475 years and 0.20g for a
return period of 320 years. For other Soil Profile types, necessary application of the
amplification factors should be used as given in BCP Seismic Provisions (2007).

3. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. GENERAL
1
2. SEISMOTECTONIC SETTING of PAKISTAN 2
2.1 Regional Tectonic Features 5
2.2 Local Tectonic Features 11
3. EARTHQUAKE RECORD 13
3.1 General 13
3.2 Historical Earthquake Data 14
3.3 Instrumental Earthquake Data 15
3.4 Analysis of Earthquake Data 16
4. SEISMOTECTONIC MODEL 17
5. SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS 19
5.1 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) 19
5.1.1 PSHA Methodology 21
5.1.2 Source Modeling – Area Sources 22
5.1.3 Earthquake Recurrence Model 24
5.1.4 Maximum Magnitude 26
5.1.5 Attenuation Relationships 26
5.1.6 Results of PSHA 27
6. SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS 29
6.1 Peak Ground Acceleration 29
6.2 Response Spectra 29
7. CONCLUSIONS 30

4. ii
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1 Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit (Metrobus) Route Map.
Fig. 2 Tectonic Map of Northern Pakistan (after Ahmed Hussain et al. 2004).
Fig. 3 Tectonic Map of Northern Pakistan (after DiPettero et al.2008).
Fig. 4 Geologic Map for part of KPK (GSP 2006).
Fig. 5 Subsurface Section (north-south) from Peshawar Basin in north to Kohat
Plateau in south.
Fig. 6 Map showing Seismicity recorded during last hundred years in the Project
Region.
Fig. 7 Seismotectonic Map of the Project Region showing seismicity and faults.
Fig. 8 Seismic Area Source Zones used in PSHA.
Fig. 9 Seismic Hazard Curve obtained from PSHA.
(Vs 30 is taken as 750 m/sec)
Fig. 10 Extrapolation of PGA curves.
Fig. 11 Uniform Hazard Spectra obtained from PSHA.
(Vs 30 is taken as 750 m/sec)
APPENDICES
Appendix-A CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF NON-INSTRUMENTAL
(INTENSITY) DATA
Appendix-B EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR PROJECT.

5. 1
PESHAWAR BUS RAPID TRANSIT CORRIDOR PROJECT
REPORT ON SEISMIC HAZARD STUDIES
1. GENERAL
The proposed Project consists of the development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
corridor with a total length of 30 km, to be constructed on a phase wise basis in
Peshawar city about 160 km west of Islamabad. The Scheme will help develop a
sustainable urban transport system in Peshawar, through the delivery of the city’s first
integrated BRT corridor, directly benefiting a population of 0.75 million (Figure-1).
The Project area is in the proximity of the collisional zone between the north moving
Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate which is over-riding the Indian plate. The collision
tectonics has resulted in the development of series of faults on the Indian plate on
which the Project region is located. This collisional tectonic has resulted in the
occurrence of frequent earthquakes. It is therefore imperative that in accordance with
the guidelines of Building Code of Pakistan (2007), site specific analysis of the
seismicity and hazard due to earthquakes in this region be evaluated and the Project
structures be designed for safety against this hazard.
Figure-1. Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit (Metrobus) Route Map.

6. 2
For the Seismic Hazard Studies (SHS), an assessment of regional geological and
tectonic information collected from the available literature and maps has been carried
out. The available geological maps and literature published by Geological Survey of
Pakistan (GSP) have been consulted. The research done by and National Center for
Excellence in Geology (NCEG) and University of Peshawar on geology/tectonics of
the Peshawar basin has also been consulted. The historical and instrumental
earthquake data has also been compiled from the available record. On the basis of this
data, the critical tectonic features affecting the Project area have been identified and
Seismic Hazard Studies (SHS) has been conducted using Probabilistic approach for
selecting the seismic design parameter for the Project in accordance with the Building
Code of Pakistan, Seismic Provisions (2007).
2. SEISMOTECTONIC SETTING OF PAKISTAN
The accretion of the Indian Plate after north-directed subduction of oceanic crust with
the Kohistan Arc/Asian Craton occurred about 20 Ma ago along a suture stretching
from western Europe through the Alps, Greece, Pakistan, the Himalayas, China before
turning south towards Indonesia. This continental collision zone has since changed
character into a fold-and thrust belt e.g. in the Pakistan region the continent–continent
collision produced several major thrusts and associated strike-slip fault zones.
Structural geometry shows that the duplex stacks in nappe structures became younger
away from the suture zone in the opposite direction that the footwall plate is moving.
Thus, for the Pakistan region the older thrusts are near the Main Mantle Thrust or
suture zone (MMT) and the youngest further down south along the Salt Range Thrust
well within the India plate (Figure-2).
The three major geotectonic provinces are:
• Eurasian Plate (containing the Northern Karakorum Tethyan Zone, The
Karakorum Batholith, Volcanic and Metasediments south of Karakorum
Batholith).
• Kohistan Island Arc.
• Indian Plate.

7. 3
All provinces have distinctly different lithologies and tectonic settings and are
separated by two major branches of the Indus suture, the Main Karakoram Thrust
(MKT) and Main Mantle Thrust (MMT), [Figure-2]. Both sutures are marked by the
occurrence of a mélange including ultramafic rocks, the southern one also having a
wedge of garnet granulites, the second largest such occurrence in the world.
The geotectonic setting of northern Pakistan is characterized by the occurrence of
ancient island arcs known as the Kohistan Arc and the Ladakh Arc, divided by the
Nanga Parbat Haramosh Massif (NPHM). This region is seismically one of the most
seismically active intercontinental regions in the world.
The last 100 years alone include the 1945 Makran coast earthquake with magnitude
above 8.0, the Mach earthquake in August 1931, Mw 7.3, the Quetta earthquake Mw
7.4 in 1935, the Pattan earthquake Mw 6.3 in 1974, and the recent disastrous
Kashmir-Hazara earthquake of October 2005, Mw 7.6, which has shaken the entire
region in many ways.
Figure-2. Tectonic Map of Northern Pakistan showings major faults in Northern
Part of Pakistan (After Ahmad Hussain et al.2004).

8. 4
Many seismically active faults exist in Northern and Southern areas of Pakistan and
more than half of the total population are living with earthquakes and will have to
continue doing that. The geodynamics of northern Pakistan is characterized by the
collision and coalescence of Eurasian and Indian Continental Plates, which were once
detached by the oceanic domains and creation of Kohistan island arc in late
Cretaceous in the collision zone of these plates.
The collisional process started in the late Eocene to early Oligocene with the
formation of the Himalayan Ranges and this process still continues. Relative to
Eurasia, the Indian Plate is still moving northwards at a rate of about 4 cm/year. The
subduction of Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate has resulted in folding and
thrusting of the upper crustal layers near the collisional boundary (Figure-2).
The Central Axial Belt likewise marks a zone of subduction of the western part of the
Indo-Pakistan continent under Eurasian Plate. The contact is a westward directed
thrust which has got a surficial expression of 10-15 km width. The former thrust
constitutes the southern suture zone (Tahirkheli et al., 1979), whereas the latter after
encircling the Kabul block on its east in Afghanistan reappears in Pakistan along
Kuner River in the southern periphery of Chitral. It extends in the east as a part of the
Northern Megashear (Tahirkheli et al., 1979), which has afterwards been named Main
Karakorum Thrust (MKT) by Mattauer et al., (1979) along which the ancient
Kohistan island arc has been welded with the Eurasian plate. The compressional
forces being experienced in the NW Himalayan fold and thrust belt are believed to be
a result of the ongoing collision of the Eurasian and Indo-Pakistan plates that took
place in the late Eocene to Early Oligocene. The Indo-Pakistan plate, relative to the
Eurasian plate is still moving northwards at a rate of about 2 mm/year.
The Main Mantle Thrust and the Central Axial Belt constitute two suture zones along
which the Indo-Pakis tan Plate has been juxtaposed with the Kohistan island arc on
the north and Afghan Block of the Eurasian Plate on the west respectively. The
thrusting has been depicted from north to south in the shape of MKT (Main
Karakoram Thrust), MMT (Main Mantle Thrust), MBT (Main Boundary Thrust) and
SRT (Salt Range Thrust), the locations of which are shown in Figures - 2 and 3.

9. 5
Figure-3 Tectonic Map of Northern Pakistan showings major faults in Northern
Part of Pakistan (After DiPettero et al. 2008).
2.1 Regional Tectonic Features
The Project area is located in the western Himalayas south of the boundary between
the Indian plate and the Kohistan island arc which is sandwiched between the Indian
and the Eurasian plates. The major faults of the Project region include, from north to
south, the Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT), Kohistan Fault, Main Mantle Thrust
(MMT), Panjal Khairabad Fault and Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). The general trend
of these faults is predominantly east-west with change in trend at the syntaxial bends
(Figures - 2 & 3). The general description of these major faults is as follows:-
Main Karakorum Thrust (MKT): This is the major regional fault representing the
suture zone between the two colliding plates. This fault represents the northern
boundary of the Kohistan island arc and runs eastward to join Indus suture zone in
upper Himalayas and terminates at its junction with Karakoram fault. In the Chitral
and Gilgit area, the rocks of Karakoram Batholith are thrusted over the rocks of
Kohistan Batholith along Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT).

10. 6
The Main Karakorum Thrust (MKT) is a regional thrust separating the Asian mass
from Kohistan Island Arc (Figures - 2 & 3). This fault also dips towards the north.
Significant seismic activity, including the earthquake in 1943 with magnitude 6.8, is
associated with this branch of this fault. There is ample neotectonic evidence of its
activity including clear offsets of glacial moraine deposits. It is considered that a
rupture along this feature could involve long portions of the fault system, because it is
comparatively straight over significant distances.
Kohistan Faults: In the Geological Map of NWFP (2006) published by Geological
Survey of Pakistan (GSP in Figure-3), the contact between Kamila Amphibolite
Complex and Indus Suture Melange are shown as Kohistan faults. The Kohistan
Oceanic Arc is bounded in the north by the Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT) and in
the south by the Main Mantle Thrust (MMT). Along these faults, the rocks of Kamila
complex are thrusted over Indus Melange rocks. The Kamila belt is dissected by a
number of small shear zones and is bounded to the north (adjacent to the Chilas
Complex) by a major shear zone, the ‘Kamila Shear Zone’. The boundaries of major
Lithological units within the Kohistan Island Arc (KIA) area are known to be faulted
based on geological mapping. The average rupture length of potential earthquake
faults in the Kohistan province is considered to be in the range of 100 km, based on
examination of map trace lengths and field observations of features during
neotectonic investigations.
Main Mantle Thrust (MMT): Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) is a northward dipping
regional thrust, which separate the Indian Plate from the Kohistan Island Arc. It
extends from Nawagai (Mohmand Agency) in the west to the north of Naran (Kaghan
Valley) in the east where it takes a north eastward bend towards the east of Bunji and
gets truncated by Raikot Fault.
The MMT marks the northern boundary of the NW Himalayan Fold and Thrust Belt
which here is mostly described by a metamorphic and magmatic terrain categorized
by thick stacks of nappes, thrust sheets and mylonitised shear zones (Figure-4). It also
marks the northern collisional boundary of the Indo-Pak plate with the Kohistan
Island Arc and is also known as the Indus Suture.

11. 7
Figure-4. Geological Map for part of KPK (GSP, 2006)
Seismicity studies shows different segments of this major fault to be active. It is a
multifaceted fault zone with width varying up to several tens of kilometers and
comprising of a number of thrust sheets that dip between 350
and 500
towards the
north. Mostly it divides the mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Kohistan Island Arc
from the sialic rocks of the Indo-Pakistani plate. Metamorphism has affected the
rocks to variable degree with high-pressure.
The Main Mantle Thrust was originally defined as the tectonic boundary between the
metamorphic shield and platform rocks of the Indian plate hinterland and dominantly
mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Kohistan-Ladakh arc complex in Pakistan suggest
that MMT fault contact can be defined as a series of faults, of different age and
tectonic history that collectively define the northern margin of the Indian plate in
Pakistan. On this basis, the faults that define the MMT vary in age from Quaternary
to possibly as old as Late Cretaceous.

12. 8
Disjointed lenses of ophiolite mélange that overlie the MMT fault contact and which
intervene between the Indian plate and the Kohistan arc are considered to be part of
the MMT zone that is equivalent with the Indus suture zone.
In areas east of Kharg in Indus Kohistan, where large ophiolite slices are absent, the
MMT would be characterized by the Kohistan-Raikot Fault system and by faults and
mylonite zones that define the northern and eastern flanks of the Nanga Parbat-
Haramosh massif. West of Kharg, the MMT would be represented by the Shergarh
fault at Kharg, the Kohistan fault in the Indus syntaxis, the Kishora fault in Swat, the
Kohistan fault near Chakdara, the Nawagai fault along the west side of the Malakand
slice, imbricate faults along the northern margin of the Dargai melange, the Dargai
fault at Qila and Nawe Kili, and the Nawagai fault to the Afghan border. West of
Kharg, the MMT (Indus Suture) zone would be bounded on the north side by the
Kohistan fault and on the south side by the Shergarh-Kishora-Dargai-Nawagai fault
system.
Indus Kohistan Seismic Zone (IKSZ): On the basis of a micro-earthquake survey
in this region during 1973–1974, a wedge-shaped NW trending structure was
recognized by Armbruster et al. (1978) who named it as the IKSZ. Later workers
confirmed the presence of this 100-km long feature between the HKS and the MMT.
This 50-km-wide zone of seismicity has a nearly horizontal upper surface and a NE
dipping lower surface. Ni et al. (1991), on the basis of relocated hypocenters, have
identified two seismic zones within the IKSZ: a shallow depth zone extending from
the surface to a depth of 8 km and a more pronounced midcrustal zone lying at depths
of 12 to 25 km. The upper boundary at a depth of about 12 km is considered to
represent a decollement surface that decouples the sediments and metasediments from
the basement.
The IKSZ is predominantly a thrust fault with a NW-striking and NE-dipping plane
parallel to the general trend of the MBT to the SE of Muzaffarabad. The FMS of
aftershocks and the Kashmir Hazara earthquake are strongly suggestive of a NW–SE
trending, NE dipping thrust fault, about 90 km in length.

13. 9
Some 35 km of this proposed fault follows the NW–SE trending Balakot–Bagh Fault.
The remaining portion of the fault extends beyond the HKS, towards the MMT,
through the crystalline nappe zone where the presence of the BBF has not been
reported. The main shock occurred within the HKS, whereas the major concentration
of the aftershocks lies between the HKS and MMT.
Therefore, it is concluded that the IKSZ is seismically active and was the source of
the Kashmir Hazara earthquake. This is also evident by the occurrence of the second
strongest earthquake of the area, known as 1974 Patten earthquake, having magnitude
of 6.0 and focal depth of 15 km. The FMS of this earthquake is also a NW–SE
striking thrust with minor right-lateral strike slip component. Pennington (1979),
following Armbruster et al. (1978), proposed that the IKSZ extends from the MMT
(near Pattan) to the edge of the HKS.
Panjal-Khairabad Fault: Panjal Thrust is an important active tectonic feature of
regional significance. It runs northwards and parallel to the Main Boundary Thrust on
the western side of Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis. Both the faults while coming gradually
closer to each other join together about 5 km north of Balakot (Calkin et al., 1975,
Bossart et al., 1984 and Greco, 1991).
A left lateral strike slip fault cuts across both the Panjal Thrust and MBT
approximately 6 km south of Balakot, from where onwards the Panjal Thrust
continues its independent journey southwards. It is traceable up to Garhi Habibullah
from where onward it gets concealed under the Quaternary deposits. In this reach, the
thrust comprises several segments having accumulated length of about 130 km.
Towards west this fault runs nearly east-west after passing through the Gandghar
range near Haripur and joins Khairabad fault located on the northern sideways of
Attock-Cherat range, hence it is referred as Panjal-Khairabad fault. Further west, this
fault is inferred to be concealed under the southern part of the Peshawar basin and
extends further west parallel to MBT towards Afghanistan border (Figures - 3 & 4).
The geologic positioning and seismicity associated with Panjal-Khairabad fault
renders it as active regional tectonic feature capable of generating large earthquake.

14. 10
Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis (HKS): is an anomalous folded structure which emanates
from the Pir-Panjal Range in Kashmir and extends northward till Balakot where its
western limb takes a loop to southwest and extends with this trend towards
Muzaffarabad. Calkin et al (1975) had reported a reversal movement on the faults
along the western limb of the Syntaxis. He suggested that the amplified southwest
pressure from the Himalayan boundary faults on the eastern limb of the Syntaxis is
responsible for this reversal. This tectonic scenario in the Syntaxis point out to the
main compressional movements which are shifting to the west and northwest and
stresses generated are stimulating its western limb, which is the abode of the Main
Boundary Thrust (MBT).
The earlier Muzaffarabad Fault, a terminal branch of MBT and the recent mega
Kashmir-Hazara earthquake of October 08, 2005 are located on the western limb of
HKS and are the product of release of energy stored in this zone by east-west
convergence of the HKS. Based on the migration of the epicenters the rupture created
by the devastating event is geologically extended between Bagh and Balakot in
Kashmir. The latest information in hand reveals that seismologically this rupture is
gradually extending towards northwest at shallow depth and resulted in eruption of
over four thousand aftershocks of magnitude 3 to > 5 which are concentrating on the
northern ebb of the HKS.
Main Boundary Thrust (MBT): is one of the youngest among the three mega shears
of the Himalayas which runs all along its length for about 2500 km and in depth it is
shallower than the others. MBT with its tangled roots in the Detachment, one of the
Himalayan Boundary Faults well netted in the Himalayan orogeny will remain a
major threat capable of generating earthquakes of October 08, 2005 level anytime and
anywhere in the region which comes under its fold. It is competent to generate major
events with large ruptures. Its seismic history reveals several great events spread all
along its course in the Himalayan domain. To mention a few, Kangra (1905) and
Bihar (1934) in the Middle and Eastern Himalayas are the ones which had generated
magnitude > 8 level earthquakes. Some of the major towns which come under the
seismic shadow of the MBT in Pakistan are Balakot, Muzaffarabad, Islamabad,
Nathiagali, Murree, and Fateh Jhang and across the Indus is Kohat.

15. 11
MBT is the main frontal thrust of Himalayan Range, which runs along the Himalayan
arc for almost 2500 km from the Assam in the east to Kashmir and Parachinar in the
west. MBT along with other associated thrusts forms a sharp conspicuous Hazara-
Kashmir Syntaxis (HKS). This syntaxial bend is the most dominant tectonic feature
of the area as all local major fault systems and geologic structures follow its trend. On
the west side of syntaxial knot, the MBT initially follows a rather southwest trend and
then extend westward reaching Parachinar.
Near its surface trace, the MBT dips northward at a steep angle, which becomes sub-
horizontal with depth. Islamabad-Rawalpindi area is located at a close distance south
of the western limb of the MBT.
A number of large to major earthquakes have occurred along Himalayan Arc east of
the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis during the last two centuries, which places it amongst
the most active regions of the world. A proportion of seismicity recorded during the
last century is associated with surface and subsurface extensions of MBT and other
associated thrusts. Based on this data, Seeber et al. (1981) have shown that great
earthquakes occurring along Himalayan Arc are probably related to slips taking place
along this quasi-horizontal surface (detachment).
Established on the above, the MBT is considered active having seismic potential
sufficient enough to generate large to major earthquakes.
2.2 Local Tectonic Features
The Project area falls in tectonically active zone due to its location near the collisional
zone between the two tectonic plates. It is situated close to the western boundary of
the Peshawar basin which is bounded by Main Mantle Thrust in the north and
Khairabad/Hissartang Faults in the south (Figures - 3 and 4).
In absence of recorded instrumental monitoring, the seismic hazard of the regions
adjoining the major faults is generally evaluated by historical and recent earthquake
data in those regions, and occasional inspection of general topographic, geological
and tectonic features of the surroundings by the geologists.

16. 12
For Peshawar region some studies have been carried out by Geological Survey of
Pakistan and by the Geophysicists of other Agencies, for example Richard C.
Quittmeyer et.al and Ali Hamza Kazmi. These studies however are insufficient for the
assessment of the Seismic Hazard of an area. All significant earthquakes hitting
Peshawar region originate from the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan or Northern
Pakistan, the local tectonic faults seem to have a meager role in the seismicity of the
city. Moreover, the instrumented earthquake record of the United States Geological
Survey (USGS) for the last fifty years shows that earthquakes of magnitude less than
4.5 and 5.0 have occurred near Peshawar.
As discussed in the Section 2.1, the Nawagai fault and Dargai fault represents the
MMT zone north the Project area (Figure-4). The Nawagai fault is exposed along the
western flank of the Malakand slice where it consistently dips westward structurally
above the Malakand slice (DiPietro et al., 2000). The fault can be traced southward
where it occupies the higher elevation and appears to truncate the Malakand fault.
Further west, the Nawagai fault truncates the Dargai mélange around a series of folds
and then continues to Afghan border where marble forms the hanging wall block
structurally above the Saidu Formation. The Nawagai fault is interpreted as a south to
southeast-directed, syn-metamorphic fault roughly contemporaneous with, but
younger than, the Malakand fault. It is possible that the Nawagai fault actually
represents a series of faults that collectively form the base of the Nawagai mélange.
On the south of the Project area, the inferred trace of east-west trending Panjal-
Khairabad fault appears to pass south of Peshawar and about 6 km south of the project
site. Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) is passing parallel to the Panjal-Khairabad fault
also in the south of the Project site. The Hissartang fault falls in between MBT and
Panjal-Khairabad Fault in Attock-Cherat range.
A subsurface section showing the subsurface geology of the region south of Peshawar
basin (McDougall et al., 1993) is presented in Figure- 5. This section shows that all
the faults of the Attock-Cherat and Kalachitta Ranges dip towards north and pass
below the Peshawar basin and therefore could be critical in the evaluation of seismic
hazard for the Project.

17. 13
Figure-5 Subsurface Section (north-south) from Peshawar Basin in north to Kohat
Plateau in south.
In both the northern and southern portions of the Project, complex faulting and thrust
are present. Evidences available suggest that both compressional and extensional
structural features occur with the later predominating.
The evidence of late Quaternary faulting has been reported in areas near Nowshera
(Manki and Ghari Chandan) on the northern side of Cherat range and east of
Peshawar. All these tectonic features may therefore be considered seismically active.
3. EARTHQUAKE RECORD
3.1 General
Earthquakes are generated by tectonic process in the upper part of the earth called
lithosphere that is divided into several rigid parts called as “Plates”. Due to movement
of these plates, stress build-up takes place and results in the deformation of the crustal
mass. This energy accumulation gives birth to seismic events.

18. 14
More than a million earthquakes rattle the world each year. The contact zones
between adjacent plates are, therefore, considered as most vulnerable parts from the
seismic hazard point of view. Most of the earthquakes felt at Peshawar have their
origin in the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan or Northern areas of Pakistan.
The information about earthquakes in this region is available in two forms i.e.
historically recorded and instrumentally recorded earthquakes. The instrumentally
recorded earthquake data is available only since 1904. Before this, the source of
earthquake information is through the historical records and published literature.
3.2 Historical Earthquake Data
A comprehensive historical earthquake catalogue is one of the main inputs and
considerations while carrying out Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA) of a certain
region and other related seismic studies. In this study, considerable attention has been
paid to this very task of compilation the comprehensive historical seismic data
catalogue for Pakistan.
The catalogue had been compiled using different data sources while keeping the
historical catalogue prepared by National Engineering Services of Pakistan
(NESPAK) during 2006-7 for the Building Code of Pakistan as major source of data.
It was updated and refined by using different data sources. These data sources were
earlier compiled different catalogues, Bulletins, Journals, Research and Newspapers,
History books and other official different documents etc. The missing parameters in
the source catalogues have been identified. Equivalent Moment magnitudes were
evaluated using different empirical relationships. The parameters of catalogue include
Date, Location, Magnitude and description of major earthquakes.
The resulting historical catalogue presented in Appendix-A is the most comprehensive
and updated catalogue for Pakistan. From Appendix-A, it reflects that northern
Pakistan as a whole has remained a house of damaging earthquakes. Taxila (25 A.D.)
event is probably the most conspicuous one that changed style of building-
construction out- rightly in this region.

19. 15
3.3 Instrumental Earthquake Data
For the present phase of the study a composite list of seismic events that occurred in
the Project region and adjoining areas has been prepared. It is based upon earthquakes
reported by International Seismological Center (ISC), United States Geological
Survey (USGS), Micro Seismic Monitoring System (MSMS) of WAPDA at Tarbela,
Micro Seismic Observatory of WAPDA at Mangla, Micro Seismic Study Program of
PAEC and Pakistan Meteorological Department.
From this composite list, events bounded within an area between latitudes 32° to 36°
and longitudes 69° to 74° have been selected for the seismic studies of Peshawar BRT
Project. The area confined by those latitudes and longitudes is mentioned as Peshawar
Region in this report/studies. This composite earthquake catalogue for the Peshawar
Region is presented in Appendix-B.
This catalogue comprises 4020 events of different magnitudes. The above mentioned
reporting agencies have reported a variety of magnitudes viz. Body-wave magnitude
(mb), Surface-wave magnitude (MS), Richter/Local magnitude (ML) or Duration-
magnitude (MD) etc.
Since attenuation relationships are based on magnitude of given type, a single type
must be selected. For data to be used in seismic hazard analysis, all the magnitudes
were therefore converted to moment magnitude (MW) by the following equations.
Conversion from MS and mb to MW was achieved through latest equation suggested by
Scordilis (2006):
MW = 0.67 MS + 2.07 for 3.0< MS < 6.1 (1)
MW = 0.99 MS + 0.08 for 6.2< MS < 8.2 (2)
MW = 0.85 mb + 1.03 for 3.5< mb < 6.2 (3)
For ML up to 5.7, the value of ML was taken equal to MW as suggested by Idriss
(1985) and supported by operators of local networks in Pakistan. Conversion of ML to
MW beyond magnitude 5.7 was done by using the following equations suggested by
Ambraseys and Bommer (1990) and Ambraseys and Bilham (2003):

20. 16
0.82 (ML) – 0.58 (MS) = 1.20 (4)
Log Mo = 19.09 + MS for MS < 6.2 (5)
Log Mo = 15.94 + 1.5 MS for MS > 6.2 (6)
MW = (2/3) Log (Mo) – 10.73 (7)
Where mb is body–wave magnitude, MS is surface-wave magnitude, ML is local
magnitude, MW is moment magnitude and Mo is seismic moment. All available types
of magnitudes in the catalogue were converted into a uniform magnitude-scale i.e.
MW (Moment magnitude) and given in Appendix-B. MW represents area source rather
than a point source and the same type of magnitude is mostly being used in the
seismic hazard analysis.
3.4 Analysis of Earthquake Data
The root cause of most seismic events can be related to tectonic processes in the upper
portions of the earth crust. The earth crust is divided into several plates. Buildup of
strain/strain within these plates or margins are due to the deformations taking place as
results of movements along or relative to the interfaces or margins of the plates. The
Northern parts of Pakistan are near to the collisional boundaries of Eurasian and
Indian plates margins and therefore seismically very active. The seismicity of the
Peshawar Region observed during last hundred years and presented in Appendix-B is
plotted on Figure-6 through the help of GIS software.
This plot shows the presence of seismic activity in east, north and south of the Project
area which could be associated with faults present in this region. The cluster of
seismicity in the north of Peshawar is related to the active Hindukush Seismic Zone
(HSZ) and Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT). The cluster of seismicity east of
Peshawar is related to earthquake activity along the Indus Kohistan Seismic Zone.
This cluster of seismic events also includes the aftershocks of mega Kashmir Hazara
earthquake of October 08, 2005. In the south of the Project area, the seismic activity is
low to moderate.
However, within the Peshawar basin, observed seismicity is relatively low and do not
consist of higher magnitude events.

21. 17
This implies that the regional tectonic features in the Peshawar Region are seismically
active at moderate to high level due to stresses developed as a result of collision of the
tectonic plates.
Figure 6 Map showing seismicity recorded during last hundred years in the Project
region.
4. SEISMOTECTONIC MODEL
From the available tectonic and seismic data of the Project region presented above, a
preliminary understanding about the seismotectonic set up of the Project a
Seismotectonic Map was developed (Figure-7) through the help of GIS software.

22. 18
Based on this understanding and guidelines contained in the Building Code of
Pakistan (2007), the main seismogenic features which are located near the Project site
and may influence the seismic hazard of the Project are:
 Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) in the north,
 Panjal- Khairabad Fault and
 Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) on the south
Figure-7. Seismotectonic Map of the Project region showing seismicity and faults.
Most of the located seismic events are aligned along the mapped seismotectonic
features present within the Peshawar Region (Figure-7). However, still many seismic
events may not be attributed to known faults.

23. 19
The available seismic and tectonic data provides several evidences of the seismic
activity along all these faults and therefore seismicity associated with these faults is
considered for the evaluation of seismic hazard.
The concentration (clustering) of epicenters observed east-northeast of Peshawar may
be associated with the seismic activity along the Indus Kohistan Seismic Zone
(IKSZ). However, many of these events are the aftershocks of the mega Kashmir-
Hazara Mw 7.6 earthquake felt widely in the region on October 08, 2005.
5. SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS
The seismic hazard analysis refers to the estimation of some measure of the strong
earthquake ground motion expected to occur at a selected site. This is necessary for
the purpose of evolving earthquake resistant design of a new structure or for
estimating the safety of an existing structure of importance. The term “Seismic
Hazard” in engineering practice refer specifically to strong ground motions produced
by earthquakes that could affect engineered structures, such that seismic hazard
analysis often refers to the estimation of earthquake-induced ground motions having
specific probabilities over a given time period.
The study of strong earthquake ground motions and associated seismic hazard and
risk plays an important role for the sustainable development of societies in earthquake
prone areas. Using the hazard estimates produced by seismology, risk analysis yields
probabilistic estimates of the expected losses of property and lives from earthquakes
hazard estimation and vulnerabilities of structures, facilities, and people distributed
over the area.
5.1 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA)
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) has been carried out for the seismic
studies of Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit Corridor Project, keeping in view the
guidelines contained in the Building Code of Pakistan, Seismic Provisions (2007).
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) is conducted because there is a

24. 20
perceived earthquake threat: active seismic sources in the region may produce a
moderate-to-large earthquake. The analysis considers a multitude of earthquake
occurrences and ground motions, and produces an integrated description of seismic
hazard representing all events. PSHA is denoted by the probability that ground motion
(acceleration) reaches certain amplitudes or seismic intensities exceeding a particular
value within a specified time interval. Inverse of the probability of exceedence is
known as the return period for that acceleration and is used to define the seismic
hazard.
In Probabilistic Hazard Evaluation, the seismic activity of seismic sources (line or
area) is specified by a recurrence relationship, defining the cumulative number of
events per year versus their magnitude. For design, analysis, retrofit, or other seismic
risk decisions a single "design earthquake" is often desired wherein the earthquake
threat is characterized by a single magnitude, distance, and perhaps other parameters.
This allows additional characteristics of the ground shaking to be modeled, such as
duration, non-stationarity of motion, and critical pulses. This study describes a
method wherein a design earthquake can be obtained that accurately represents the
uniform hazard spectrum from a PSHA.
There is a great deal of uncertainty about the location, size, and resulting shaking
intensity of future earthquakes. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) aims
to quantify these uncertainties, and combine them to produce an explicit description
of the distribution of future shaking that may occur at a site.
The primary advantage of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) over
alternative representations of the earthquake threat is that PSHA integrates over all
possible earthquake occurrences and ground motions to calculate a combined
probability of exceedance that incorporates the relative frequencies of occurrence of
different earthquakes and ground-motion characteristics.
Modern PSHA also considers multiple hypotheses on input assumptions and thereby
reflects the relative credibility of competing scientific hypotheses. These features of
PSHA allow the ground-motion hazard to be expressed at multiple sites consistently
in terms of earthquake sizes, frequencies of occurrence, attenuation, and associated

25. 21
ground motion. As a result, consistent decisions can be made to choose seismic design
or retrofit levels, to make insurance and demolition decisions, and to optimize
resources to reduce earthquake risk vis-a-vis other causes of loss.
5.1.1 PSHA Methodology
A Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) combines seismic source
zoning, earthquake recurrence and the ground motion attenuation to produce “hazard
curves” in terms of level of ground motion and an associated annual frequency of
being exceeded. In Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), the seismic
activity of seismic source (line or area) is specified by a recurrence relationship,
defining the cumulative number of events per year versus the magnitude.
Distribution of earthquake is assumed to be uniform within the source zone and
independent of time.
The principle of the analysis, first developed by Cornell (1968) and later refined by
various researchers, is to evaluate at the site of interest the probability of exceedance
of a ground motion parameter (e.g. acceleration) due to the occurrence of a strong
event around the site. This approach combines the probability of exceedance of the
earthquake size (recurrence relationship), and probability on the distance from the
epicenter to the Project site.
Each seismic source zone is split into elementary zones at a certain distance from the
site. Integration is carried out within each zone by summing the effects of the various
elementary source zones taking into account the attenuation effect with distance.
Total hazard is finally obtained by adding the influence of various sources. The
results are expressed in terms of a ground motion parameter associated with return
period (return period is the inverse of the annual frequency of exceedance of a given
level of ground motion).
Based on the guidelines of BOP (2007), the seismic hazard model used in the present
analysis was developed based on findings of the seismotectonic synthesis. The

26. 22
seismic hazard model relies upon the concept of seismotectonic zones and does not
include linear or discrete fault sources. Each seismic source zone is defined as a zone
with homogenous seismic and tectonic features, inferred from geological, tectonic
and seismic data. These zones are first defined, and then a maximum earthquake and
an earthquake recurrence equation are elaborated for each zone.
The seismic parameters attached to the various seismic source zones are: a
recurrence relationship relating the number of events for a specific period of time to
the magnitude; the maximum earthquake giving an upper bound of potential
magnitude in the zone; and an attenuation relationship representing the decrease of
acceleration with distance.
The Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) requires a detailed study of
distribution of observed seismic data to the seismic sources, determination of b-value
and activity rate of each seismic source and assigning maximum magnitude potential
to each source.
5.1.2 Source Modeling – Area Source Zones
For any seismic hazard assessment to be carried out, seismotectonic zonation is
considered to be an essential prerequisite. In order to establish the seismotectonic
zones a number of factors related to seismological characteristics, geology and
geophysics of the region of interest are taken into consideration. For the definition of
seismic sources, either line (i.e. fault) or area sources can be used for source
modeling. Because of uncertainty in the epicenters location, it is not possible to
relate the recorded earthquakes to the faults and to develop recurrence relationship
for each fault and use them as exponential model.
According to Udias (1999), the characteristics of the occurrence of earthquakes in
relation to regional tectonics and general geodynamic conditions form part of
seismotectonic studies. This includes geographic distribution of epicenters,
magnitude, depth, focal mechanism solutions and their correspondence to various
types of faults, stress orientations and kinematic aspects of tectonics.

27. 23
The Project region was therefore divided into seven area source zones (area sources)
based on their homogeneous tectonic and seismic characteristics, keeping in view the
geology, tectonics, seismicity and fault plane solutions of each area source zone.
These area seismic source zones of the Peshawar Region are shown in Figure-8.
Figure-8. Seismic Source Zones (SSZ) used for PSHA.
Distribution of earthquakes is assumed to be uniform within the seismic source zone
and independent of time. Each of these area sources was assigned a maximum
magnitude based on recorded seismicity and potential of the faults within the zone
and a minimum magnitude based on threshold magnitude observed in the magnitude-
frequency curve for the zone. As the shallow earthquakes are of more concern to
seismic hazard, the minimum depth of the earthquakes is taken as 5-10 km for all area
sources, except for Hindukush Seismic Zone (SSZ) for which it is taken as 70 km.
The seismic source zone parameters used in probabilistic hazard analysis are given in
Table-1.

28. 24
Table - 1 Area Source Parameters for Probabilistic Analysis
Zone
No.
Seismic
Source Zone
No. of
Earthquakes
above Min.
Magnitude
Minimum
Magnitude
Mw
Activity
Rate
/Year
b-Value
Maximum
Magnitude
Mw
1 Hindukush 738 4.0 12.947 0.80 8.0
2 Kohistan 318 4.1 5.579 1.14 7.5
3 Eastern
Himalayas 190 4.2 3.333 1.03 8.0
4
Western
Himalayas 284 4.1 4.982 1.31 7.5
5
Salt Range-
Kohat-Potwar 181 4.2 3.175 1.26 6.5
6 Punjab Plain 31 4.1 0.544 1.29 6.5
7 Western
Transform
Boundary
152 4.5 2.667 1.25 7.0
5.1.3 Earthquake Recurrence Model
A general equation that describes earthquake recurrence may be expressed as follows:
N (m) = f (m, t) (8)
Where N (m) is the number of earthquakes with magnitude equal to or greater than m,
and t is time period.
The simplest form of equation (8) that has been used in most engineering applications
is the well-known Richter’s law which states that the cumulated number of
earthquakes occurred in a given period of time can be approximated by the
relationship:
Log N (m) = a – b m (9)

29. 25
Equation (9) assumes spatial and temporal independence of all earthquakes, i.e. it has
the properties of a Poisson model. Coefficients ‘a’ and ‘b’ can be derived from
seismic data related to the source of interest. Coefficient ‘a’ is related to the total
number of events occurred in the source zone and depends on its area, while
coefficient ‘b’ represents the coefficient of proportionality between log N (m) and the
magnitude.
The composite catalogue of earthquakes prepared for the BRT Project Region
(Appendix-B) provided the necessary database for the computation of b-value for
each area source zone. The composite earthquake list contains limited number of
earthquakes prior to 1960 and only few of these earthquakes have been assigned
magnitude values. Due to installation of WWSSN, the earthquake recording in this
region improved and a better and complete recording of earthquake data are available
after 1961. A basic assumption of seismic hazard methodology is that earthquake
sources are independent. Thus, catalogues that are used to estimate future seismic
activity must be free of dependent events such as foreshocks and aftershocks. To the
extent possible such events were also eliminated, as there are insufficient data to
apply rigorous procedures such as that of Gardner and Knopoff (1974) to eliminate
foreshocks and aftershocks from the composite catalogue.
The completeness analysis of the overall data for the region showed that earthquake
data up to about magnitude 4.0 is complete after 1960. The converted moment
magnitude for the period between 1961 and 2016 was therefore used in the PSHA
after excluding the aftershocks. A separate list of earthquakes occurring in each
seismic area source zone was prepared through GIS software and magnitude-
frequency curves were made for each seismic area source. The b-value for each
seismic area source zone was calculated using linear regression through least square
method. The minimum magnitude for each area source zone was selected from the
magnitude-frequency curve based on completeness checks suggested by Woeffner
and Weimer (2005).
The b–values, minimum magnitude and the activity rates for the seven area source
zones used in the probabilistic analysis have been presented in Table-1.

30. 26
5.1.4 Maximum Magnitude
To each area source zone, a maximum magnitude potential was assigned based on the
maximum observed seismicity in the historical seismic record and enhancing by 0.5
magnitude the maximum observed magnitude in the seismic record for that area
seismic source zone or determining the maximum magnitude of the longest active
fault in the area using Well & Coppersmith equation (1994). The maximum potential
magnitude selected for each seismic area source zone is also given in Table-1.
5.1.5 Attenuation Relationships
The strong-motion attenuation relationship depicts the propagation and modification
of strong ground motion as a function of earthquake size (magnitude) and the distance
between the source and the site of interest. Because of lack of sufficient strong–
motion data covering a larger range of magnitudes and distances, attenuation
relationships for the South Asian Region cannot be developed. A number of
attenuation equations have been developed from strong motion data collected in other
parts of the world. As shallow earthquakes are of more concern for hazard analysis of
the Project site, attenuation equations developed for shallow tectonic environment
were considered for use in the hazard analysis.
For Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), of BRT Peshawar Project the
latest available NGA equations developed under Pacific Earthquake Engineering
Research (PEER) Centre by Abrahamson & Silva (2008), Boore & Atkinson (2008),
and Campbell & Bozorgnia (2008) were used as these equations are valid for
tectonically active regions of shallow crustal faulting worldwide. All the equations
were given equal weightage.
In accordance with the Table 4.1 contained in the Building Code of Pakistan (BCP)
Seismic Provision (2007), results of PSHA were computed in the form of Total
Hazard Curve for Profile SB where Vs 30 is taken as 750 m/sec. For other Soil Profile
types, necessary application of the amplification factors should be used as given in
BCP Seismic Provisions (2007).

31. 27
The Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) was carried out using single site
EZ-FRISK software developed by Fugro Engineering Consultants, USA. The
program calculates the earthquake hazard at a site under certain assumptions specified
by the user. These assumptions involve identifying where earthquakes will occur,
what their characteristics will be, and what will be the ground motions generated.
These capabilities allow a wide range of seismic hazard problems to be solved, with
straightforward specification of input. Its easily allows in identifying the critical
inputs and decisions affecting seismic hazard evaluations.
5.1.6 Results of PSHA
All the parameters defined in Table-1 were incorporated in the area seismic source
models. As described above in Section (5.1.5) a mean total hazard curve was obtained
by giving equal weighting to all the attenuation equations used. The total mean hazard
curves obtained for the Project are shown in Figure-9. Hazard curves for each of the
three attenuation equations used for PSHA are also presented in Figure-9. The curve
shows the annual frequency of exceedance (inverse of return period) of the peak
ground acceleration expected at the Project area.
Figure-9. Seismic Hazard Curve obtained from PSHA. (Vs 30 is taken as 750 m/sec)

32. 28
Extrapolation of the PGA curves for return period gives the result as follows:
Figure:10. Extrapolation of PGA curves.
The peak horizontal ground accelerations for different return periods (inverse of the
annual frequency of exceedance) obtained for the Project area are also summarized in
Table-2.
Table -2 Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for different return periods
Obtained through Probabilistic Analysis. (Vs 30 is taken as 750 m/sec).
Return Period (Years) PGA (g)
320 0.20
475 0.23
975 0.29
2,500 0.37

33. 29
6. SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS
6.1 Peak Horizontal Ground Acceleration
As per Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions (2007), ground motion having
10% probability of exceedance in 50-year period (i.e. a return period of about 475
years) is required to be used for design of buildings.
The total hazard curve (Figure-9) obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis
gives a horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.23 ’g’ for 10% Probability
of Exceedance in 50 years (i.e. a return period of 475 years).
6.2 Response Spectra
The uniform hazard response spectra for earthquakes of different return periods are
shown in Figure-11.
Figure-11. Uniform Hazard Response Spectra Obtained from PSHA.
(Vs 30 is taken as 750 m/sec).

34. 30
8. CONCLUSIONS
The seismic hazard studies for BRT Peshawar Project was carried out through a study
of all the available geological, tectonic and seismicity data of the region in which the
Project is located.
The recorded seismicity of the Project region is depicted mainly by small to large
earthquake activity. The main tectonic features contributing the seismic potential are
the Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) in the north, Panjal-Khairabad Fault and Main
Boundary Thrust Fault (MBT) on the south.
The historical earthquake data shows that a few damaging earthquakes have occurred
within 200 km radius from the Project area. The prominent recent one is the October
08, 2005 Kashmir-Hazara earthquake with magnitude Mw=7.6.
The Project falls in Zone-2B of Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions (2007).
The seismic range of Zone-2B is from 0.16g to 0.24g. The Building Code of Pakistan
Seismic Provision 2007, specifically places Peshawar in Zone-2B and explicitly
defines that “Z” Value of Zone-2B is 0.20.
The total hazard curve obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis gives a
horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.23g for a return period of 475 years
and 0.20g for a return period of 320 years.
For other Soil Profile types, necessary application of the amplification factors should
be used as given in BCP Seismic Provisions (2007).
These seismic design parameters are recommended to be used for the seismic resistant
design of the Project Structures in accordance with the Pakistan Building Code
Seismic Provisions (2007).

35. 31
REFERENCES
1. Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provision (2007). Issued by Ministry of
Housing and Works, Government of Pakistan.
2. Hussain A., DiPietro J. A. Pogue K. R. and Ahmed I. (2004); Geological Map
of the 43B Degree sheet, NWFP, Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan,
Geological Map No. 11.
3. Tahirkheli, R.A.K., Mattauer M., Proust F. & Tapponier P (1979); The India-
Eurasia suture zone in northern Pakistan; synthesis and interpretation of recent
data at plate scale. In: Geodynamics of Pakistan, Farah & De Jong (eds),
Geological Survey of Pakistan.
4. Dipietro J.A., Hussain A., Ahmad I. & Khan M.A. (2000); The Main Mantle
Thrust in Pakistan: Its character and extent, Geological Society London,
Special Publications, Vol 170.
5. DiPietro J. A., Irshad Ahmad and Ahmad Hussain (2008); Cenozoic kinematic
history of the Kohistan fault in the Pakistan Himalaya, Geological Society of
America Bulletin 120.
6. Calkin et al. (1975); Geology of the southern Himalayan Hazara, Pakistan and
adjacent areas, U.S. Geological Survey, Prof. Pap. 716-C, C1-29.
7. Bossart et al. (1984); A new structural interpretation of the Hazara-Kashmir
Syntaxis (southern Himalaya) Pakistan. Kashmir Jour. Geol. Vol. 2.
8. Greco, A. (1991); Stratigraphy, metamorphism and tectonics of the Hazara-
Kashmir syntaxis area. Kashmir Jour. Geol. Vol. 8 & 9.
9. Seeber et al., (1981); Seismicity and continental subduction in the Himalayan
arc, in Zagros-Hindukush-Himalayas Geodynamic Evolution, A.G.U.
Geodynamic Series, Vol. 3.
10. McDougall, J. W., Hussain, A. and Yeats R.S. (1993); The Main Boundary
Thrust and propagation of deformation into the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in
northern Pakistan near Indus River, Himalayan Tectonics, Geological Society
Special Publications, No. 74.
11. Oldham, (1893); A catalogue of Indian Earthquakes, Mem. Geol. Survey
India, Vol. 19.
12. Heukroth and Karim, (1970); Earthquake history, seismicity and tectonics of
the regions of Afghanistan, Seism. Centre, Kabul University.
13. Ambraseys et al., (1975); The Patan Earthquake of 28 December 1974,
UNESCO Publication.
14. Quittmeyer and Jacob, (1979); Historical and modern seismicity of Pakistan,
Afghanistan, northwestern India and southeastern Iran; Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.
Vol. 69, No. 3.
15. E. M. Scordilis (2006); Empirical global relations converting Ms and mb to
moment magnitude, Journal of Seismology.
16. Idriss I. M., (1985); Evaluating seismic risk in engineering practice,
Proceedings of the 11th
International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering, San Francisco.
17. Ambraseys, N., Bommer, J., (1990); Uniform magnitude re-evaluation for the
strong-motion database of Europe and adjacent areas, European Earthquake
Engg, Vol. IV.
18. Ambraseys N., and Bilham R., (2003); Earthquakes in Afghanistan,
Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 74 No.2.

36. 32
19. Jackson, J.A.; Yielding, G., (1983) The Seismicity of Kohistan: Source
Parameters of the Hamran (1972.9.3), Darel (1981.9.12) and Patan
(1974.12.28) Earthquakes. In Tectonophysics 91: 15-29.
20. Cornell C. A. (1968); Engineering seismic risk analysis, Bull. Seism. Soc.
Am., Vol. 58, No.5 (1968).
21. Gardner J. K. and Knopoff L., (1974); Is the sequence of earthquakes in
southern California, with aftershocks removed, Poissonian? Bulletin
Seismological Society of America, Vol. 64, No. 5.
22. Woessner J. and S. Weimer (2005); Assessing the quality of earthquake
catalogue: Estimating the magnitude of completeness and its uncertainty,
Bulletin Seismological Society of America, Vol. 95 No.2.
23. Wells & Coppersmith (1994); New empirical relationships among magnitude,
rupture length, rupture width, rupture area and surface displacement, B.S.S.A.,
Vol. 84, No.4.
24. Abrahamson N.A. and W. Silva (2008); Summary of Abrahamson and Silva
NGA Ground-Motion relations, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 24 (1).
25. Boore, D.M. and G.M. Atkinson (2008); Ground-motion prediction equations
for the average horizontal component of PGA, PGV and 5%-damped PSA at
spectral period between 0.1s and 10s, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 24 (1).
26. Campbell K.W. and Y. Bozorgnia (2008); NGA ground motion model for the
geometric mean horizontal component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5%-damped
linear elastic response spectra at periods ranging from 0.1s to 10.0s,
Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 24 (1).
27. Udias, A. 1999. Principles of Seismology. University press, Cambridge, UK.
28. Syed Kazim Mehdi (2015), Seismotectonic & Seismic Hazard Analysis
(SSHA) of Simly Dam Project.
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Himalayan Journal of Earth Sciences.
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Basha Dam Project. Himalayan Journal of Earth Sciences, Proceedings of
International Earth Sciences conference at Baragali, Pakistan.
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Seismology.

37. APPENDICES

38. APPENDIX –A
HISTORICAL SEISMICITY

39. APPENDIX-A
Sheet 1 of 5
CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF Appendix-A
NON-INSTRUMENTAL (INTENSITY) DATA
Sr.
No.
Year Date Description
Estimated
Intensity
MM
Source
1 Aristobulus of Cassandreia, who
accompanied Alexander on his expedition to
India, points out that the country above the
river Hydaspes (Jhelum) is subjected to
earthquakes which cause the ground to open
up so that even the beds of river are
changed.
IX-X Ambraseys
2 25 AD A destructive earthquake in north-western
Pakistan laid Taxila in ruins and caused wide
spread havoc throughout the country side.
The effects of this earthquake can still be
seen among the excavated remains at
Jandial, Sirkap and Dharmarajika. As a
result of the earthquake new methods of
buildings were introduced and the height of
buildings was reduced from four to two
storeys with special precautions to make the
foundation secure.
IX-X Q&J
3 1669 June 04 Strongly felt in Mandra VI-X Q&J
4 1669 June 23 An earthquake at Attock, a fissure 50 yards
long was formed in the ground.
VIII-IX Q&J
5 1827 Sept. 24 Destructive in Lahore region. Fort Kolitaran
near city destroyed, about 1000 perished in
ruins. A hill shaken down, which fell into river
Rowee (Ravi) produced an inundation of 100
coss of land.
VIII-IX Q&J
6 1831 Peshawar & valley of Indus - Severe,
extended from Peshawar to Dera Ghazi
Khan, felt most at Dera band (Daraban); men
and camels unable to stand, rocks fell in
many places, water forced from crevices in
the plains.
Daraban
VIII-IX Peshawar
& D.G. Khan IV-VI
Q&J
7 1832 Jan. 22 Near Lahore-violent, people all rushed out of
houses
V-VII Q&J
8 1832 Feb. 21 Lahore, valley of Badakhshan, N.W. India
huge masses of rock was thrown from the
cliffs at many places chocking up valleys.
Great part of population destroyed.
Lahore V-VI
Mangla V
4th Century BC

40. APPENDIX-A
Sheet 2 of 5
CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF Appendix-A
NON-INSTRUMENTAL (INTENSITY) DATA
Sr.
No.
Year Date Description
Estimated
Intensity
MM
Source
9 1842 Feb. 19 Kabul, Peshawar At Kabul said to have
lasted for 3 mts, several shocks, rocked the
fouth in a frightful manner. At Peshawar very
destructive, "earth-trembled like aspen leaf",
several killed. At Ferozepur severe. At
Ludhiyana north south, the hot springs of
South (temp. 140 deg - 110 deg) become as
cold as the ordinary wells, water diminished
greatly and at times the springs were
completely dry. These appearances
continued for 25 days.
Kabul VI-VII
Peshawar VI
Ferozepur VI
Q&J
10 1851 Feb. 04 Lahore, appears to have extended all over
Punjab
Lahore V-VI
11 1851 Feb. 06 Lahore, appears to have extended all over
Punjab
Lahore V-VI
12 1851 Feb. 17 Strongly felt in Lahore, Multan Lahore IV-V
13 1853 Nov. Strongly felt at Attock VI Q&J
14 1858 Aug. 29 Lahore-sharp shocks. Lahore IV-V
15 1865 Jan. 22 Slight damage and great panic in Peshawar;
long duration.
V-VII Q&J
16 1865 Dec. 4 Lahore - two smart shocks III-V
17 1867 Nov. 10 Damaging in Bannu VII-VIII Q&J
18 1868 Aug. 11 Damaging in Peshawar; a portion of the fort
was shaken down (official record).
VII-VIII Q&J
19 1868 Nov. 12 Violent shock felt in Lahore, Dera Ismail
Khan and Attock, followed by many
aftershocks which were felt throughout the
Punjab.
Attock IV-VI & D.I.
Khan IV-V
Q&J
20 1869 Mar. 24 Severe shock in the upper reaches of
Jhelum
V-VII Q&J
21 1869 Mar. 25 A large earthquake in the Hindukush,
strongly felt at Kohat, Lahore, Peshawar and
at Khojend and Tashkent; shock lasted 20
seconds.
Kohat, Lahore &
Peshawar V
NESPAK
22 1869 April Peshawar - Part of fort shaken down (official
record).
VII-VIII Q&J

41. APPENDIX-A
Sheet 3 of 5
CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF Appendix-A
NON-INSTRUMENTAL (INTENSITY) DATA
Sr.
No.
Year Date Description
Estimated
Intensity
MM
Source
23 1869 Dec. 20 Rawalpindi - Shock said to have lasted for
half a minute; cracked walls and caused all
people to run out of houses.
Attock - A series of shocks at intervals of
about 20 sec.
Lawrencepur - 1st shocks 15 sec others at 5
sec. interval.
Campbellpur - For half an hour; buildings
much damaged.
Talagang - Not felt.
VII-VIII
VII-VIII
Q&J
24 1871 April Severe at Rawalpindi and Murree; originating
from Kashmir.
Rawalpindi &
Murree VI
Q&J
25 1875 Dec. 12 Damaging in villages between Lahore and
Peshawar where a number of people were
killed.
VII-VIII Q&J
26 1878 Mar. 02 Damaging earthquake in the Punjab. At
Kohat several houses, public buildings and
portion of the wall of the fort fell. At
Peshawar it caused damage to houses and
city walls. Damaging at Attock, Abbottabad,
Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Murree. Strongly felt at
Bannu, Nowshera, Mardan, Lahore and
Simla. Many aftershocks.
Peshawar, Kohat
VII-VIII Attock VI-
VII Lahore VI
Q&J
27 1883 April Damaging shock at Peshawar. VI-VII Q&J
28 1885 May 30 Destructive shock in Kashmir. Sopor,
Gulmarg and Srinagar about totally ruined
and 3,000 people killed. Heavy damage at
Gurais and Punch: Muzaffarabad heavily
damaged. Felt in Peshawar, Lahore, Simla,
Leh, Kanpalu, and Gilgit. Radius of
perceptibility about 650 km. Many
aftershocks.
Kashmir VIII
Muzaffarabad VI-
VII Peshawar IV
Q&J
29 1893 Nov. 03 Slight damage at Peshawar, Nowshera, felt
throughout the Punjab
VI-VII Q&J
30 1905 Apr. 04 Kangra earthquake, in Rawalpindi a few lofty
buildings cracked, some damage in Lahore
Kangra VIII
Rawalpindi V-VI
Q&J

42. APPENDIX-A
Sheet 4 of 5
CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF Appendix-A
NON-INSTRUMENTAL (INTENSITY) DATA
Sr.
No.
Year Date Description
Estimated
Intensity
MM
Source
31 1929 Feb. 01 Destructive earthquake, perhaps shallower
than calculated, ruined Skorzor and Drosh
Damage was equally heavy in the USSR at
Kulyab. It caused substantial damage in
Abbottabad, Peshawar, Cherat, Gurez,
Chitral and Dushambe. It was felt within a
radius of 1,000 km.
Abbottabad &
Peshawar VI-VII
NESPAK
32 1939 Nov. 21 Destructive in the Badakhshan area, the
damage extending to Srinagar, Rawalpindi
and Kargil. Drosh was seriously damaged.
Felt within a radius of 600 km.
Rawalpindi
V-VI
NESPAK
33 1945 June 27 Felt in Peshawar IV NESPAK
34 1945 June 22 Destructive at Chamba and parts of Kashmir.
Strongly felt at Rawalpindi, Peshawar,
Lahore and Simla.
Rawalpindi V NESPAK
35 1953 Mar. 01 Slight damage in Campbellpur. VI-VII Q&J
36 1956 Sept.16 Destructive in the Ghazi district in
Afghanistan where many villages were
destroyed and animals lost. The damage
was equally serious at Said Karem. Caused
panic at Kohat. Strongly felt at Parachinar,
Parwan, Loger, Ghazi, Nazerajat, Beshud,
Makur, Rawalpindi and Srinagar. Radius of
perceptibility about 450 km.
Rawalpindi V NESPAK
37 1962 Aug. 02 Felt at Rawalpindi IV-VI Q&J
38 1966 Jan. 11 Felt at Risalpur IV NESPAK
39 1966 Feb. 02 Strongly felt around Abbottabad and caused
minar damage at Havelian. Felt at
Rawalpindi, Islamabad. Abbottabad, Taxila.
The shock was also felt at Muzaffarabad and
Gujar Khan.
Abbottabad VI
Islamabad V
Taxila VI
Q&J
40 1977 Feb. 14 About 7 km northeast of Rawalpindi caused
damage in 20 villages. In villages Kuri, Malot
and Pindi Begwal around Nilour most of the
"Katcha" houses either collapsed or
damaged. A few houses built with dressed
blocks of sandstone and sand-cement
mortar also developed extensive cracks.
VII NESPAK

43. APPENDIX-A
Sheet 5 of 5
CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF Appendix-A
NON-INSTRUMENTAL (INTENSITY) DATA
Sr.
No.
Year Date Description
Estimated
Intensity
MM
Source
41 1978 May 07 Felt widely in Punjab and NWFP provinces.
Some damage at Peshawar and Chitral.
Mangla IV
Tarbela VI
WAPDA
42 1980 Feb. 12 Felt widely in the areas of Punjab and
NWFP.
Mangla IV
Tarbela V
WAPDA
43 1983 Dec. 31 Felt widely in the areas of Punjab and
NWFP. Damages at Peshawar, Chitral and
many northern areas. Some damage near
Tarbela also. Felt in parts of Afghanistan
also.
Chitral VII
Peshawar VI
Rawalpindi V,
Tarbela V Mangla
III
WAPDA
44 1996 April 04 Felt widely in the areas of Punjab and
NWFP. Some damages at Peshawar, Chitral
and northern areas. Some damage near
Tarbela also. Felt also in parts of
Afghanistan.
Chitral VI
Peshawar V
Rawalpindi IV
Mangla III Lahore
& Jhelum III
WAPDA
45 1999 Feb. 17 Epicenter near Mangla. Felt also in the
adjoining areas.
Mangla IV WAPDA
46 2002 Jan. 27 Epicenter near Mangla. Felt also in the
adjoining areas.
Mangla IV WAPDA
47 2005 Oct. 08 Epicenter near Muzaffarabad, most
destructive earthquake, killed more than
80,000 people in Kashmir, Balakot and
Batagram.
Balakot XI
Muzaffarabad IX-X
Mansehra VIII
Islamabad VII
NESPAK
Sources:
WAPDA - Water and Power Development Authority- Seismicity Progress Reports.
Q&J - Quittmeyer & Jacob (1979), Historical and modern seismicity of Pakisatn, Afghanistan, northwestern
India and southeastern Iran, BSSA, Vol. 69, No 3.
Ambraseys N, Lensen G. and Monifer A. (1975), The Patan earthquake of 28 December 1974, UNESCO
Technical Report.NESPAK - National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. Various Reports.

44. APPENDIX – B
INSTRUMENTAL SEISMICITY

45. Sheet 1 of 50
Appendix -B
Converted
Year Month Day Latitude Longitude mb Ms ML Mw Md UnKwn Mw
1 1505 7 6 34.70 69.20 USGS
2 1842 2 19 34.40 70.50 USGS
3 1874 10 18 35.00 69.00 USGS
4 1904 7 27 520 33.00 72.00 0 5.7 5.9 BAAS/ISS
5 1914 05 21 08:26:05 32.00 69.50 ISC
6 1915 3 3 145 32.00 73.00 0 5.2 5.6 MAC. POS.
7 1919 09 05 07:52:20 32.00 74.00 5.6 5.8 ISC
8 1924 4 3 248 32.00 74.00 0 5.0 5.4 ISS AD.PO.
9 1924 04 23 02:48:30 32.00 74.00 ISC
10 1927 5 29 221 34.00 73.00 0 4.7 5.2 ISS AD.PO.
11 1927 9 5 2010 34.20 72.00 0 5.2 5.6 BAAS/ISS
12 1927 9 30 1840 34.20 72.00 0 5.7 5.9 ISS AD.PO.
13 1928 5 2 1403 34.20 72.00 0 4.9 5.4 BAAS/ISS
14 1928 11 14 04:33:09 35.00 72.50 110.0 6.0 6.1 ISC
15 1935 7 28 05:23:58 36.00 71.00 150.0 6.0 6.1 ISC
16 1937 11 7 19:07:40 35.00 73.00 100.0 5.8 6.0 ISC
17 1941 4 14 19:32:45 36.00 71.00 240.0 5.5 5.8 ISC
18 1942 12 19 92107 35.90 72.50 USGS
19 1953 5 1 2118 33.50 72.70 39 5.1 5.5 QUITMEYER
20 1956 6 9 34.30 69.10 60.0 7.6 7.6 USGS
21 1956 09 16 - 34.00 69.50 6.0 6.3 PMD
22 1956 11 14 - 36.00 71.00 200.0 6.5 7.0 PMD
23 1957 07 19 - 36.00 71.00 5.5 5.5 PMD
24 1959 03 17 19:07:48 32.00 70.00 ISC
25 1959 09 12 - 36.00 71.00 200.0 6.4 6.9 PMD
26 1960 01 09 - 36.00 69.00 150.0 6.6 7.2 PMD
27 1960 01 29 - 36.00 71.00 200.0 6.1 6.5 PMD
28 1960 02 19 - 36.00 70.50 200.0 6.8 7.4 PMD
29 1960 05 19 - 36.00 71.00 200.0 6.5 7.0 PMD
30 1960 07 14 - 36.00 70.00 100.0 6.0 6.3 PMD
31 1962 5 8 1938 33.60 72.50 51 4.5 5.1 QUITMEYER
32 1962 8 2 1532 33.50 73.40 46 4.5 5.1 QUITMEYER
33 1963 03 06 33.80 72.60 36.0 4.3 4.3 PMD
34 1963 09 09 21:41:48 32.00 72.50 4.7 5.0 ISC
35 1964 02 13 05:10:47 34.99 72.70 68.0 4.5 4.9 ISC
36 1964 06 06 33.80 72.60 33.0 4.5 4.5 PMD
37 1964 7 7 21:12:35 35.58 73.39 40.0 4.7 5.2 5.0 ISC
38 1964 10 13 23:02:22 35.83 71.12 81.0 5.2 5.5 ISC
39 1964 12 31 08:21:11 34.90 73.00 131.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
40 1965 1 23 22:02:53 35.88 73.31 43.0 5.1 5.4 ISC
41 1965 1 29 20:06:03 35.53 73.42 41.0 5.1 5.4 ISC
42 1965 06 13 04:21:28 33.60 69.35 42.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
43 1965 09 16 35.90 70.00 170.0 5.2 5.2 PMD
44 1965 9 19 18:00:36 36.00 71.20 103.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
45 1965 10 09 04:34:22 32.30 74.00 79.0 4.5 4.9 ISC
46 1965 10 26 09:02:59 34.10 70.40 57.0 5.0 5.3 ISC
47 1965 11 08 21:23:09 34.60 73.30 65.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
48 1966 01 11 09:13:00 34.00 72.00 61.0 4.7 5.0 ENGDHAL
49 1966 02 02 09:20:09 33.90 73.20 46.0 5.1 4.6 5.2 ENGDHAL
50 1966 02 19 35.30 70.90 59.0 5.1 5.1 PMD
51 1966 04 06 01:51:53 34.91 73.06 54.0 5.1 5.4 ISC
52 1966 04 18 19:29:41 34.50 69.81 56.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
53 1966 05 07 18:28:19 34.60 70.73 17.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
54 1966 05 11 01:54:00 34.53 69.85 59.0 5.0 5.3 ISC
55 1966 6 11 06:08:48 35.72 72.07 92.0 4.9 5.2 ISC
56 1966 10 01 07:38:30 34.72 70.97 39.0 4.8 5.1 ISC
57 1966 11 19 35.80 70.80 40.0 4.6 4.6 PMD
58 1966 11 20 02:59:47 34.83 69.10 40.0 4.7 5.0 ISC
59 1967 01 20 05:09:19 32.30 69.92 66.0 4.9 5.2 ISC
60 1967 01 20 05:16:38 32.39 69.76 47.0 5.1 5.4 ISC
61 1967 02 12 35.80 71.00 100.0 5.2 5.2 PMD
62 1967 03 24 11:11:43 34.61 69.87 54.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
63 1967 06 08 00:30:49 32.00 73.00 33.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
64 1967 7 17 09:57:25 35.30 71.50 249.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
65 1967 08 04 08:07:01 34.47 69.77 66.0 4.8 5.1 ISC
66 1968 03 03 09:31:21 34.71 72.36 43.0 5.0 5.3 ISC
67 1968 4 9 01:14:56 35.20 73.10 51.0 4.7 5.0 ISC
68 1968 06 28 19:39:50 34.59 70.83 28.0 4.5 4.9 ISC
69 1968 07 04 09:23:12 34.65 70.73 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
70 1968 07 26 20:48:05 32.23 70.19 50.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
71 1968 9 19 200451.45 33.1 72.6 33 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
72 1968 09 26 00:46:11 33.73 69.90 16.0 5.2 5.5 ISC
73 1968 11 18 05:05:05 33.24 71.19 41.0 5.0 5.3 ISC
74 1969 1 21 191719.45 32.7 73.2 12 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
75 1969 01 22 19:42:20 32.24 69.92 23.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
76 1969 05 15 20:39:49 34.62 70.82 49.0 5.4 5.6 ISC
77 1969 5 31 33624.47 33.1 72.5 96 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
78 1969 06 30 16:26:10 34.88 69.70 223.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
79 1969 08 27 22:35:55 35.36 71.13 76.0 5.2 5.5 ISC
80 1969 8 29 3836.95 33 73.7 15 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
81 1969 10 4 15:55:45.30 35.98 71.00 107.0 5.0 5.3 ISC
EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR - (Updated 31-December-2016) Appendix-B
Sr. No.
Date
Time Depth (Km)
Magnitude Type
Source
Location

46. Sheet 2 of 50
Appendix -B
Converted
Year Month Day Latitude Longitude mb Ms ML Mw Md UnKwn Mw
EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR - (Updated 31-December-2016) Appendix-B
Sr. No.
Date
Time Depth (Km)
Magnitude Type
Source
Location
82 1970 1 1 08:17:42 35.60 71.40 223.0 4.1 4.5 ISC
83 1970 1 8 10:24:08.10 35.80 71.12 135.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
84 1970 2 24 180500.55 33.9 73.2 33 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
85 1970 02 27 08:52:42 34.68 70.41 73.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
86 1970 02 27 15:09:29 34.90 69.40 38.0 3.5 4.0 ISC
87 1970 03 30 16:19:25 35.80 71.30 181.0 3.9 4.3 ISC
88 1970 04 30 03:24:54 33.30 73.40 33.0 4.8 3.8 5.1 ENGDHAL
89 1970 7 6 17:51:25 36.00 71.35 128.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
90 1970 7 26 20:30:40 35.09 72.61 46.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
91 1971 04 28 15:12:42 34.40 73.60 41.0 4.8 4.6 5.2 ISC
92 1971 5 9 19:26:34.20 35.54 71.06 81.7 5.5 5.7 ISC
93 1971 07 22 34.80 72.30 160.0 4.8 4.8 PMD
94 1971 09 06 00:33:25 33.12 69.86 26.3 5.0 5.3 ISC
95 1971 9 26 16:59:57.39 35.85 72.96 101.8 4.5 4.9 ISC
96 1971 11 30 173622 34.50 73.70 50 3.7 3.7 QUE
97 1971 12 27 20:59:39 34.98 73.02 55.4 5.2 5.5 ISC
98 1972 01 05 34.50 69.90 50.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
99 1972 03 10 14:36:16 33.90 72.70 39.0 4.9 4.9 5.4 ENDGHAL
100 1972 04 17 02:24:50 34.00 72.80 44.0 4.8 4.7 5.2 ISC
101 1972 05 17 09:39:35 33.13 70.14 - 4.8 5.1 ISC
102 1972 05 17 10:06:04 33.45 71.50 17.4 5.0 5.3 ISC
103 1972 7 12 12133.38 34.1 73.2 33 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
104 1972 08 27 33.90 71.50 58.0 PMD
105 1972 9 3 16:48:29.50 35.94 73.33 45.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 ISC
106 1972 9 3 17:09:22.48 35.99 73.34 62.2 4.7 5.0 ISC
107 1972 9 3 17:46:20.23 35.94 73.22 62.1 4.6 4.9 ISC
108 1972 9 3 19:25:00.60 35.92 73.29 81.6 4.5 4.9 ISC
109 1972 9 3 23:03:53.65 35.96 73.24 46.1 5.6 5.8 ISC
110 1972 9 4 00:14:11.03 35.89 73.29 65.2 4.8 5.1 ISC
111 1972 9 4 00:50:24.39 35.97 73.25 50.4 5.3 5.5 ISC
112 1972 9 4 01:23:52 35.92 73.37 53.2 5.2 5.5 ISC
113 1972 9 4 02:36:19.25 35.98 73.38 48.6 5.1 5.4 ISC
114 1972 9 4 03:51:23.04 35.97 73.32 50.2 5.1 5.4 ISC
115 1972 9 4 06:26:48.75 35.94 73.32 63.5 4.6 4.9 ISC
116 1972 9 4 10:35:44.88 35.79 73.41 54.2 4.8 5.1 ISC
117 1972 9 4 13:37:52.29 35.89 73.30 41.2 5.1 5.4 ISC
118 1972 9 4 13:42:20.74 35.91 73.35 56.7 5.7 5.9 ISC
119 1972 9 4 21:00:53.07 35.94 73.52 56.0 4.7 5.0 ISC
120 1972 9 4 22:44:09.29 35.95 73.51 50.2 4.8 5.1 ISC
121 1972 9 4 23:25:31.45 35.86 73.35 73.2 4.4 4.8 ISC
122 1972 9 5 03:08:02.30 35.78 73.26 58.5 4.6 4.9 ISC
123 1972 9 5 04:07:29.14 35.95 73.39 48.8 4.8 5.1 ISC
124 1972 9 5 09:14:00.34 35.87 73.33 58.1 5.1 5.4 ISC
125 1972 9 7 04:24:17.45 35.97 73.42 54.3 4.8 5.1 ISC
126 1972 9 17 17:37:49.94 35.94 73.31 48.5 5.4 5.6 ISC
127 1972 9 18 21:42:02.15 35.78 73.51 56.6 4.8 5.1 ISC
128 1972 9 20 06:44:00.82 35.97 73.37 68.6 4.4 4.8 ISC
129 1972 09 27 02:03:39 33.99 72.70 39.0 5.1 4.5 5.1 ISC
130 1972 9 27 20:24:56.34 35.07 72.91 49.3 4.8 5.1 ISC
131 1972 10 01 34.10 72.80 42.0 PMD
132 1972 10 08 34.50 73.80 47.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
133 1972 10 12 00:21:15.01 35.98 73.30 56.6 5.3 5.5 ISC
134 1972 10 13 05:04:40.10 35.90 73.31 60.0 5.2 5.5 ISC
135 1972 10 15 14:47:53.50 35.88 73.27 60.4 4.9 5.2 ISC
136 1972 10 31 21:31:19.57 35.93 73.47 58.3 4.7 5.0 ISC
137 1972 11 03 23:58:01 34.11 69.63 37.8 5.2 5.5 ISC
138 1972 11 7 15:12:26.44 35.82 73.46 70.3 4.8 5.1 ISC
139 1972 11 10 04:47:23 34.29 69.61 14.5 4.8 5.1 ISC
140 1972 11 21 32.20 69.80 46.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
141 1972 12 28 16:57:45 34.69 70.37 68.8 5.4 5.6 ISC
142 1973 1 29 04:32:08.19 35.90 73.32 61.4 4.7 5.0 ISC
143 1973 2 9 14:57:52.36 35.58 71.01 83.1 4.5 4.9 ISC
144 1973 4 14 20:46:13.69 35.89 73.31 79.3 4.0 4.4 ISC
145 1973 6 28 21:36:35 35.80 71.00 160.0 4.1 4.5 ISC
146 1973 8 27 23:07:13.50 35.96 71.09 142.0 3.9 4.3 ISC
147 1973 9 23 210537.2 34.08 73.67 30 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
148 1973 09 27 02:04:24 33.67 71.86 51.6 4.7 5.0 ISC
149 1973 9 29 150701.2 34.02 73.90 71.0 4.0 4.4 USGS
150 1973 10 2 16:03:39.31 35.92 73.25 79.9 4.7 5.0 ISC
151 1973 10 6 10:29:14.86 35.91 73.18 63.3 4.8 5.1 ISC
152 1973 10 23 192630.9 34.16 72.78 12.5 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
153 1973 11 8 51451.5 34.08 72.71 13 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
154 1973 11 28 230221 33.92 72.58 10 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
155 1973 12 2 81647.7 34.08 72.75 5 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
156 1973 12 9 02:36:53.87 35.93 73.35 47.6 5.1 5.4 ISC
157 1973 12 16 19:09:46 34.30 74.00 63.0 5.1 5.4 ENGDHAL
158 1973 12 16 190946 34.30 74.00 36 5.1 4.8 5.3 ENGDAHL
159 1973 12 17 130513.8 34.2 73.07 25 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
160 1973 12 30 151600.6 34.1 72.45 12 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
161 1973 12 31 74614.7 34.05 72.5 1.3 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
162 1973 12 31 181719.5 34.05 72.52 10 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN

47. Sheet 3 of 50
Appendix -B
Converted
Year Month Day Latitude Longitude mb Ms ML Mw Md UnKwn Mw
EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR - (Updated 31-December-2016) Appendix-B
Sr. No.
Date
Time Depth (Km)
Magnitude Type
Source
Location
163 1973 12 31 25940.6 34.04 72.52 1.25 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
164 1973 12 31 173015.8 34.04 72.5 10 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
165 1973 12 31 24310.4 34.08 72.5 1.2 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
166 1974 1 2 211524.1 34.08 72.21 20 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
167 1974 1 17 07:46:40.31 35.54 71.43 105.8 4.6 4.9 ISC
168 1974 01 22 36.00 70.60 115.0 4.5 4.5 PMD
169 1974 1 23 110413.9 34.07 72.8 15 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
170 1974 3 2 11121.6 34.1 73.02 10 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
171 1974 03 08 01:48:39 33.12 69.26 14.3 4.7 5.0 ISC
172 1974 3 18 124125.4 33.58 73.6 20 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
173 1974 03 25 13:44:05 33.54 72.55 20.0 5.5 5.5 5.7 ISC
174 1974 03 26 04:45:54 34.05 72.62 15.0 4.1 4.8 4.5 ISC
175 1974 04 07 16:07:47 32.34 69.89 46.0 4.7 5.0 ISC
176 1974 4 8 195326.6 33.85 72.57 20 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
177 1974 04 12 10:32:48 33.60 73.58 20.0 4.4 5.2 4.8 ISC
178 1974 04 14 08:33:30 33.00 69.13 57.7 4.4 4.8 ISC
179 1974 4 19 11:11:40.04 35.90 71.38 165.8 4.0 4.4 ISC
180 1974 5 11 23:47:46.94 35.70 72.16 43.9 4.5 4.9 ISC
181 1974 05 14 35.70 72.20 44.0 4.5 4.5 PMD
182 1974 6 12 182428.7 34.43 73.43 18 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
183 1974 6 16 105805.7 34.17 72.79 25 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
184 1974 6 17 195526.4 33.55 72.69 15 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
185 1974 6 19 183540.4 33.83 72.38 0 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
186 1974 7 3 135512.2 34.31 72.62 45 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
187 1974 7 18 110935.1 33.75 72.6 0 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
188 1974 7 29 212002.6 33.68 73.46 0 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
189 1974 7 29 220708.8 33.68 73.48 40 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
190 1974 7 30 11:41:30.22 35.48 71.46 97.2 5.0 5.3 ISC
191 1974 8 2 42458.1 33.5 73.59 20 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
192 1974 08 04 13:50:53 33.55 71.41 41.7 4.4 4.8 ISC
193 1974 8 7 90754.7 34.17 72.4 15 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
194 1974 08 11 17:21:00 34.88 73.27 33.0 4.1 4.5 ISC
195 1974 9 9 12:19:45.31 35.99 73.62 45.4 4.4 4.8 ISC
196 1974 9 15 214341.4 33.54 73.6 0 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
197 1974 9 18 191830.1 34.17 73.9 0 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
198 1974 9 26 220940.9 33.36 73.51 0 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
199 1974 10 17 161627.6 34.15 73.55 54 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
200 1974 10 22 50303.48 34 72.54 12.5 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
201 1974 10 26 223244.9 34.43 73.68 0 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
202 1974 10 27 22:45:40.38 35.83 71.12 176.6 4.2 4.6 ISC
203 1974 10 30 214249.5 33.23 73.35 10 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
204 1974 11 4 4724.13 34.23 73.01 0 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
205 1974 11 15 100248.3 33.88 72.53 10 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
206 1974 11 21 191932.5 34.78 73.42 2.6 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
207 1974 11 22 194341.5 33.44 73.25 10 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
208 1974 11 24 201946.7 34.17 72.75 40 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
209 1974 11 25 150706 33.95 72.83 15 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
210 1974 12 2 125827.5 34.1 72.94 50 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
211 1974 12 7 70705 34.14 73.82 10 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
212 1974 12 08 33.60 70.00 29.0 4.8 4.8 PMD
213 1974 12 18 62549.56 33.14 73.45 5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
214 1974 12 28 22:38:53 34.99 73.10 67.6 4.8 5.1 ISC
215 1974 12 28 12:11:46.60 35.06 72.91 45.2 5.9 6.2 6.0 ISC
216 1974 12 28 12:46:11.06 35.40 73.32 44.9 4.8 5.1 ISC
217 1974 12 28 19:02:35.26 35.08 72.89 56.3 4.2 4.6 ISC
218 1974 12 28 22:28:18.79 35.02 73.05 47.2 5.0 5.3 ISC
219 1975 1 8 92637.3 33.95 73.68 20 4.8 4.8 TAR-MAN
220 1975 1 10 71022.65 33.97 73.62 1 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
221 1975 01 20 09:28:00 34.94 73.11 63.4 4.6 4.9 ISC
222 1975 1 20 74359.35 33.72 72.98 0.2 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
223 1975 2 1 18:16:46.85 35.82 73.16 34.9 4.7 5.0 ISC
224 1975 2 5 181313.1 33.8 72.72 10 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
225 1975 3 12 63812.6 34.43 72.56 45 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
226 1975 04 07 06:41:02 34.91 72.97 53.1 5.0 5.3 ISC
227 1975 4 23 09:07:24.11 35.81 73.42 59.6 4.7 5.0 ISC
228 1975 4 24 91415.45 33.27 73.25 10 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
229 1975 5 7 172619.8 32.80 73.08 45.0 4.1 4.5 USGS
230 1975 5 10 13:34:39.48 35.13 72.96 33.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
231 1975 5 31 112421.2 33.56 73.64 40 4.9 4.9 TAR-MAN
232 1975 6 4 64530.5 34.03 73.81 25 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
233 1975 6 6 71331 33.5 73.4 25 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
234 1975 6 9 164547.2 33.36 73.35 45 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
235 1975 06 10 32.50 70.70 5.0 4.9 4.9 PMD
236 1975 6 21 33555.9 34.28 73.67 25 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
237 1975 06 23 35.80 71.30 155.0 3.7 3.7 PMD
238 1975 6 26 212019.6 34.03 72.94 12.5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
239 1975 7 16 110836.1 33.63 73.43 20 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
240 1975 7 22 111911.3 33.57 73.14 20 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
241 1975 07 27 36.00 70.90 167.0 4.0 4.0 PMD
242 1975 7 28 173024.7 33.93 73.18 18 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
243 1975 08 19 35.80 70.40 147.0 4.5 4.5 PMD

48. Sheet 4 of 50
Appendix -B
Converted
Year Month Day Latitude Longitude mb Ms ML Mw Md UnKwn Mw
EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR - (Updated 31-December-2016) Appendix-B
Sr. No.
Date
Time Depth (Km)
Magnitude Type
Source
Location
244 1975 9 29 153021.4 33.2 73.07 50 4.8 4.8 TAR-MAN
245 1975 10 2 25547.12 33.27 72.38 20 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
246 1975 10 5 121203.9 34.72 73.21 20.5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
247 1975 10 12 36.00 71.20 158.0 3.3 3.3 PMD
248 1975 10 15 114254.4 34.02 73.93 20 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
249 1975 11 10 617.22 33.05 73.67 12 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN
250 1975 12 22 194704.7 34.4 72.29 15 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
251 1976 1 1 101217 33.05 73.67 5 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN
252 1976 01 09 36.00 70.60 144.0 4.3 4.3 PMD
253 1976 1 12 75834.1 33.92 72.57 8 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
254 1976 1 18 191527.14 33.05 73.67 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
255 1976 01 22 35.70 70.80 127.0 4.5 4.5 PMD
256 1976 1 29 65803.4 32.39 71.74 33.0 USGS
257 1976 2 1 95018.65 32.97 73.09 5 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
258 1976 2 16 102825.36 33.05 73.67 6 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN
259 1976 2 18 135838.2 34.32 73.57 5 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
260 1976 2 19 194524.5 34.21 73.17 25 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
261 1976 2 27 194701.22 33.25 73.61 5 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
262 1976 2 29 153108.4 34.28 72.49 10 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
263 1976 3 9 60133 33.97 72.78 32.5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
264 1976 3 12 153109.25 33.25 73.61 5 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
265 1976 3 15 93246.78 34.05 72.64 15 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
266 1976 3 17 215630.5 34.03 72.63 15 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
267 1976 3 18 1648.3 34.06 72.62 15 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
268 1976 3 22 06:15:27.65 35.92 73.54 42.4 4.9 5.2 ISC
269 1976 4 9 142208.19 33.25 73.61 5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
270 1976 4 11 224315.5 33.97 72.63 7.5 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
271 1976 4 11 25407.06 33.8 73.78 15 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
272 1976 4 17 24914.17 34.28 73.17 15 4.0 4.0 TAR-MAN
273 1976 05 16 36.00 71.30 159.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
274 1976 06 05 36.00 70.50 108.0 3.9 3.9 PMD
275 1976 6 10 142201.1 33.25 73.61 8 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
276 1976 8 11 115214.4 34.35 73.65 55 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
277 1976 8 19 1512.85 34.11 72.72 13.9 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
278 1976 8 21 215037.5 34.05 72.85 15 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
279 1976 8 23 80137.35 34.07 72.84 17.5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
280 1976 9 3 81635.16 33.84 72.9 20 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
281 1976 9 20 33544.46 33.25 73.61 10.0 4.1 4.1 MSSP
282 1976 09 27 34.90 70.10 196.0 4.0 4.0 PMD
283 1976 9 29 153641.1 33.25 73.61 10 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
284 1976 10 6 12857.4 34.81 72.56 52.0 4.6 4.9 USGS
285 1976 10 12 205350.6 34.04 72.28 20 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
286 1976 10 12 205325.2 34.03 72.27 20 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
287 1976 10 13 35.90 70.90 105.0 4.9 4.9 PMD
288 1976 10 13 4735.45 34.05 72.24 20 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
289 1976 10 23 143639.4 32.9 73.09 5 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
290 1976 11 2 130307.4 34.42 73.38 5 4.0 4.0 TAR-MAN
291 1976 11 7 25401.55 34.25 73.53 15 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
292 1976 11 14 204638.5 34.13 73.64 25 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
293 1976 12 15 54612.3 35.37 71.22 222.0 4.1 4.5 USGS
294 1977 01 07 06:31:13 34.62 70.95 47.8 5.1 5.4 ISC
295 1977 1 25 15642.01 33.89 73.01 20 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
296 1977 02 14 00:22:37 33.65 73.14 25.0 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.5 ISC
297 1977 2 14 2417.72 33.68 73.12 25 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN
298 1977 2 14 192712.3 33.68 73.19 25 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
299 1977 2 14 2852.17 33.7 73.17 22.5 4.0 4.0 TAR-MAN
300 1977 2 14 146.06 33.64 73.2 20 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
301 1977 2 14 1219.82 33.64 73.2 20 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
302 1977 2 14 12729.06 33.63 73.28 20 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
303 1977 2 14 4118.06 33.63 73.18 15 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
304 1977 2 14 72947.5 33.69 73.14 15 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
305 1977 2 15 83016.29 33.67 73.18 25 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
306 1977 3 2 155229.4 34.14 73.14 20 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
307 1977 3 3 133955.7 34.04 72.88 5 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
308 1977 3 5 145454.5 33.69 73.13 20 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
309 1977 3 16 01:52:25.59 35.87 73.85 33.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
310 1977 3 17 04:34:22.58 35.68 71.15 97.7 4.7 5.0 ISC
311 1977 3 31 162820.5 33.68 73.18 25 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
312 1977 4 5 202814 34.07 73.9 30 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
313 1977 4 9 163422.8 33.15 73.72 5.0 4.7 4.4 5.0 TAR-MAN
314 1977 04 16 10:20:44 32.00 69.10 33.0 ISC
315 1977 4 17 17631.82 33.67 73.25 20 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
316 1977 5 2 13443.8 34.02 72.87 12.5 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
317 1977 5 11 110411.2 34 72.95 17.5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
318 1977 6 18 90326.15 34.12 72.62 27.5 5.1 5.1 TAR-MAN
319 1977 06 20 35.90 70.40 133.0 4.8 4.8 PMD
320 1977 07 01 03:48:35 34.61 70.43 48.0 4.7 5.0 ISC
321 1977 7 7 230731.9 34.15 73.69 30 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
322 1977 7 11 110818 34.01 72.57 17.5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
323 1977 7 16 72223.06 34.15 72.6 20 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
324 1977 7 19 135340.6 33.12 73.37 5 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN

49. Sheet 5 of 50
Appendix -B
Converted
Year Month Day Latitude Longitude mb Ms ML Mw Md UnKwn Mw
EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR - (Updated 31-December-2016) Appendix-B
Sr. No.
Date
Time Depth (Km)
Magnitude Type
Source
Location
325 1977 8 22 18957.02 33.52 73.62 10 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
326 1977 08 27 35.50 70.30 160.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
327 1977 09 06 02:11:14 33.41 69.00 53.5 4.6 4.9 ISC
328 1977 09 11 13:58:32 32.00 70.30 33.0 ISC
329 1977 9 23 466 33.42 72.58 5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
330 1977 10 1 5932.9 34.4 73.32 37.5 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN
331 1977 10 5 103519.2 34.44 72.72 12.5 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
332 1977 10 5 92930.11 34.44 72.68 12.5 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
333 1977 10 6 22255.08 34.42 73.32 6.2 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
334 1977 10 10 232527 33.46 73.21 25 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
335 1977 11 12 75544.45 33.23 73.62 5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
336 1977 11 15 25528.25 32.88 72.78 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
337 1977 11 18 13212.51 33.13 73.68 5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
338 1977 11 23 102729.8 34.08 72.83 25 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
339 1977 11 30 20219.5 33.60 71.38 0.0 4.0 4.0 MSSP
340 1977 12 02 36.00 71.60 178.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
341 1977 12 09 35.70 70.50 175.0 4.8 4.8 PMD
342 1978 1 5 143231.2 34.03 72.57 17.5 4.6 4.6 TAR-MAN
343 1978 01 17 36.00 70.60 160.0 4.6 4.6 PMD
344 1978 1 23 10938.92 34.29 73.78 30 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
345 1978 2 1 160540.7 34.12 72.6 22.5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
346 1978 02 04 35.00 70.40 132.0 4.0 4.0 PMD
347 1978 2 11 75456 34.12 72.53 45 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
348 1978 02 13 36.00 70.30 107.0 4.5 4.5 PMD
349 1978 2 22 70432.6 34.6 73.15 50 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
350 1978 2 27 170542.7 33.42 72.4 15 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
351 1978 3 6 205337.4 33.92 72.78 5 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
352 1978 3 11 90038.1 34.99 70.89 147.0 4.3 4.7 USGS
353 1978 3 24 02:49:49.39 35.10 71.22 175.4 3.8 4.3 ISC
354 1978 4 27 18:12:24.79 35.00 73.03 58.3 4.9 5.2 ISC
355 1978 5 4 125304.1 33.56 73.6 12.5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
356 1978 05 07 10:32:25 33.53 73.58 15.0 5.0 4.4 5.0 5.0 TAR-MAN
357 1978 5 7 162757.8 33.53 73.61 15 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
358 1978 5 7 133337 33.53 73.62 7.7 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
359 1978 5 7 130608.1 33.48 73.62 7.4 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
360 1978 5 7 134220.5 33.54 73.67 8.8 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
361 1978 5 8 50905.22 33.48 73.62 5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
362 1978 6 1 94234.46 33.78 72.88 35 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
363 1978 6 5 121507.9 34.2 72.73 40 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
364 1978 6 18 220357.5 33.63 73.22 25 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
365 1978 06 20 35.80 70.40 132.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
366 1978 6 21 17:45:11.67 35.86 72.58 96.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
367 1978 6 21 132941.3 32.77 72.72 5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
368 1978 8 11 82741.23 34.4 73.88 25 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
369 1978 8 14 35829.8 33.53 73.67 5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
370 1978 08 29 35.40 70.60 159.0 4.0 4.0 PMD
371 1978 9 30 173055.9 33.83 69.28 44.0 USGS
372 1978 10 15 154603.2 33.73 73.09 15.0 5.0 5.0 TAR-MAN
373 1978 10 17 17:25:15 35.98 71.19 176.6 4.2 4.6 ISC
374 1978 10 22 182029.4 33.75 73.06 20 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
375 1978 11 18 01:35:00 33.05 72.57 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.9 TAR-MAN
376 1978 11 21 35.70 70.80 173.0 4.2 4.2 PMD
377 1978 11 23 25935.35 33.03 72.61 5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
378 1979 1 2 00:44:29.34 35.71 71.01 177.4 4.0 4.4 ISC
379 1979 1 4 133737.8 34.1 72.35 15 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
380 1979 1 9 04:43:05.98 35.81 71.61 284.6 3.8 4.3 ISC
381 1979 01 11 05:09:23 34.46 69.73 33.0 3.9 4.3 ISC
382 1979 1 24 104415.1 33.25 73.61 5 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
383 1979 01 26 35.60 70.50 160.0 4.1 4.1 PMD
384 1979 2 17 142914.9 33.86 72.96 17.5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
385 1979 03 04 02:51:47 34.01 73.10 12.5 4.7 4.4 5.0 TAR-MAN
386 1979 3 10 65348.9 34 73.07 15 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
387 1979 3 13 04:10:24.85 35.65 71.01 73.6 4.6 4.0 4.8 ISC
388 1979 3 17 04:36:57.96 35.80 73.19 33.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
389 1979 4 14 12813.19 34.33 73.53 27.5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
390 1979 4 27 3517.05 33.87 72.75 17.5 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
391 1979 4 27 44817.9 33.86 72.77 15 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN
392 1979 4 29 08:24:09.39 35.46 71.08 85.8 4.6 4.9 ISC
393 1979 5 8 11153.66 33.98 73.11 12.5 4.4 4.4 TAR-MAN
394 1979 5 15 4215.34 33.4 73.57 15 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
395 1979 6 13 21421.2 33.58 73.17 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
396 1979 7 4 135915.4 33.08 73.15 15 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
397 1979 07 10 23:10:23 34.24 69.72 23.9 4.3 4.7 ISC
398 1979 7 26 64510.87 34.17 72.42 27.5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
399 1979 8 18 11423.7 34.03 72.67 12.5 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
400 1979 08 19 36.00 70.70 160.0 4.1 4.1 PMD
401 1979 9 4 00:28:16.54 35.15 71.38 - 4.4 4.8 ISC
402 1979 9 4 204139.6 34.47 72.7 20 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
403 1979 9 16 145633.3 33.31 72.86 30 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
404 1979 9 19 201341.1 32.95 73.42 7.5 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
405 1979 10 5 41147.51 33.45 73.37 20 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN

50. Sheet 6 of 50
Appendix -B
Converted
Year Month Day Latitude Longitude mb Ms ML Mw Md UnKwn Mw
EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR - (Updated 31-December-2016) Appendix-B
Sr. No.
Date
Time Depth (Km)
Magnitude Type
Source
Location
406 1979 11 10 20602.7 34.87 70.01 243.0 4.0 4.4 USGS
407 1979 12 04 04:05:42 34.06 73.72 15.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 TAR-MAN
408 1979 12 23 3449 34.05 72.18 14.3 4.1 4.1 TAR-MAN
409 1979 12 25 6636.54 34.5 73.01 25 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
410 1980 01 17 04:16:19 34.91 71.14 24.7 4.7 4.3 5.0 ISC
411 1980 2 6 73759.36 34.78 73.08 15 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
412 1980 02 09 18:23:01 33.08 72.63 15.0 4.1 4.6 4.5 TAR-MAN
413 1980 2 10 20302 33.04 72.58 7.5 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
414 1980 2 18 143612.5 34.18 72.42 30 3.8 3.8 TAR-MAN
415 1980 2 27 163412.8 32.49 71.94 4.5 4.0 4.0 MSSP
416 1980 2 29 71256 33.13 73.21 3.0 4.2 4.2 MSSP
417 1980 3 12 35450.32 34.01 73.08 15 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
418 1980 03 29 02:02:53 32.80 73.97 18.2 4.7 5.0 ISC
419 1980 03 29 07:12:56 33.14 73.22 30.1 4.5 3.6 4.9 ISC
420 1980 3 29 2251.67 32.88 73.98 5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
421 1980 5 1 20:37:48.86 35.99 73.62 79.4 4.4 4.8 ISC
422 1980 6 20 16406.5 34.25 73.65 60 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
423 1980 6 29 17:26:23.32 35.19 72.67 44.6 4.6 4.1 4.8 ISC
424 1980 7 3 102626.8 33.8 73.81 10 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
425 1980 7 10 19:32:32.00 35.69 72.06 3.6 4.6 4.9 ISC
426 1980 07 27 11:24:00 34.62 72.04 52.5 4.0 4.4 ISC
427 1980 08 27 34.90 72.10 33.0 4.1 4.1 PMD
428 1980 9 28 104355.1 34.13 72.58 5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
429 1980 10 29 202313.9 33.66 73.54 12.5 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
430 1980 10 30 101554.9 33.64 73.56 27.5 3.5 3.5 TAR-MAN
431 1980 11 4 21759.89 32.36 69.91 5.0 4.0 4.0 MSSP
432 1980 11 18 73951.36 34.02 73.67 45 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
433 1981 1 8 231926.05 33.17 71.36 0.0 4.0 4.0 MSSP
434 1981 1 30 214347.2 34.96 69.04 295.0 3.4 3.9 USGS
435 1981 1 31 13:41:57.65 35.35 72.92 56.1 4.7 5.0 ISC
436 1981 02 06 09:54:01 34.35 72.03 262.9 3.8 4.3 ISC
437 1981 2 18 11:35:09.95 35.20 72.41 4.0 4.7 5.0 ISC
438 1981 4 21 15817.79 34.06 73.27 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
439 1981 6 11 17013.92 32.82 71.36 7.2 4.1 4.1 MSSP
440 1981 8 29 123310.9 34.23 73.64 5 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
441 1981 9 7 144645.7 33.49 72.02 15 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
442 1981 9 12 07:15:53.80 35.68 73.60 29.7 6.1 6.0 6.1 ISC
443 1981 9 12 08:11:53.61 35.63 73.57 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
444 1981 9 12 10:32:27.82 35.93 73.63 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
445 1981 9 12 12:33:37.62 35.75 73.65 33.0 4.5 4.9 ISC
446 1981 9 12 15:25:18.52 35.89 73.73 33.0 4.1 4.5 ISC
447 1981 9 12 17:38:50.01 35.70 73.69 33.0 4.8 5.1 ISC
448 1981 9 12 18:56:29.86 35.86 73.91 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
449 1981 9 13 04:31:45.04 35.72 73.73 33.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
450 1981 9 13 06:00:30.44 35.49 73.72 70.3 4.6 4.9 ISC
451 1981 9 15 06:16:06.84 35.96 73.84 33.0 3.7 4.2 ISC
452 1981 9 15 07:03:52.48 35.98 73.52 33.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
453 1981 9 15 09:18:22.42 35.81 73.93 22.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
454 1981 9 16 07:10:25.66 35.65 73.75 33.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
455 1981 9 16 13:30:25.54 35.99 73.64 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
456 1981 9 18 17:05:00.35 35.62 73.65 52.6 5.1 3.8 4.6 ISC
457 1981 9 20 03:56:08.15 35.65 73.53 66.1 3.9 4.3 ISC
458 1981 9 20 09:13:50.35 35.88 73.76 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
459 1981 9 20 09:27:45.98 35.90 73.66 33.0 4.5 4.9 ISC
460 1981 10 02 23:51:36 34.08 71.20 71.7 4.1 4.5 ISC
461 1981 10 8 14:30:47.59 35.67 73.69 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
462 1981 10 14 165038.9 33.97 72.82 19 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
463 1981 10 18 224331.1 33.09 73.38 20 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
464 1981 11 2 114611.9 33.18 72.88 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
465 1981 11 9 33225.78 34.43 72.31 45 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
466 1981 11 10 10:46:16.59 35.69 73.61 59.4 4.7 5.0 ISC
467 1981 11 20 115040.1 33.81 73.41 20 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
468 1981 11 21 75447.77 32.71 71.33 2.2 4.0 4.0 MSSP
469 1981 12 04 12:13:42 34.14 69.49 57.6 4.3 4.7 ISC
470 1981 12 5 01:42:27.11 35.48 73.54 71.0 4.5 4.9 ISC
471 1981 12 17 72056.8 33.46 73.49 15 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
472 1981 12 25 4853.33 33.17 72.83 15 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
473 1981 12 27 72357.34 34.71 72.77 10.0 4.1 4.1 MSSP
474 1982 01 13 35.30 70.20 67.0 4.3 4.3 PMD
475 1982 01 17 12:17:37 34.52 73.90 33.0 3.9 4.3 ISC
476 1982 1 21 192932.17 32.39 70.94 31.8 4.1 4.1 MSSP
477 1982 1 22 12:58:13.60 35.78 73.87 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
478 1982 2 22 17:59:57.16 35.55 73.80 33.9 5.4 4.8 5.3 ISC
479 1982 03 02 15:35:55 34.74 70.73 287.0 3.7 4.2 ISC
480 1982 3 3 131812.01 32.11 70.86 20.0 4.1 4.1 MSSP
481 1982 3 13 191343 33.91 72.09 20 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
482 1982 3 13 192911.9 34.13 72.26 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
483 1982 3 18 13237.29 34.45 73.53 20 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
484 1982 04 03 22:39:23 33.50 73.43 10.0 4.1 4.7 4.5 TAR-MAN
485 1982 4 14 83117.59 33.98 72.67 15 4.5 4.5 TAR-MAN
486 1982 4 14 25842.55 33.60 71.69 10.0 4.0 4.0 MSSP

51. Sheet 7 of 50
Appendix -B
Converted
Year Month Day Latitude Longitude mb Ms ML Mw Md UnKwn Mw
EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE FOR BRT PESHAWAR - (Updated 31-December-2016) Appendix-B
Sr. No.
Date
Time Depth (Km)
Magnitude Type
Source
Location
487 1982 4 23 95859.74 33.88 73.24 20 4.0 4.0 TAR-MAN
488 1982 4 28 06:23:38.74 35.87 73.25 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
489 1982 5 15 10:56:19.15 35.48 73.52 88.5 4.3 4.7 ISC
490 1982 05 16 06:08:15 34.35 70.33 33.0 4.0 4.4 ISC
491 1982 05 28 00:58:48 32.38 69.99 26.7 4.6 3.7 4.5 ISC
492 1982 06 24 03:05:24 34.51 69.71 28.5 5.0 4.2 4.9 ISC
493 1982 6 28 11:02:25.10 35.93 71.10 89.4 4.6 4.9 ISC
494 1982 07 21 06:20:30 34.49 70.52 44.2 4.5 3.7 4.5 ISC
495 1982 7 30 143542.5 34.6 73.02 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
496 1982 8 6 104627.34 34.09 70.56 15.0 4.3 4.3 MSSP
497 1982 8 12 18:51:26.36 35.66 73.59 44.0 4.7 5.0 ISC
498 1982 8 12 31118.27 34.8 72.92 10 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
499 1982 8 17 164056.4 33.45 72.56 7.5 4.0 4.0 TAR-MAN
500 1982 9 2 94324.81 33.93 72.58 11.2 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
501 1982 9 28 135719.4 34.08 73.11 5 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
502 1982 10 03 11:44:32 33.97 69.76 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
503 1982 10 17 63024.96 34.35 73.3 10 4.0 4.3 4.4 TAR-MAN
504 1982 10 25 08:16:27 34.24 73.65 45.0 4.3 5.0 4.7 TAR-MAN
505 1982 11 4 14:58:11.67 35.93 71.11 135.7 4.5 4.9 ISC
506 1982 11 19 144717.3 33.76 73.08 40 3.7 3.7 TAR-MAN
507 1982 11 20 07:58:47 34.55 70.52 42.8 5.7 5.3 5.6 ISC
508 1982 11 20 08:43:58 34.57 70.55 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
509 1982 12 9 21:53:47.14 35.87 71.70 90.8 4.4 4.8 ISC
510 1983 1 1 04:39:48.32 35.68 71.21 203.9 3.8 4.3 ISC
511 1983 01 09 07:02:39 34.77 70.63 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
512 1983 01 18 35.90 71.00 67.0 4.8 4.8 PMD
513 1983 1 19 20:22:09.36 35.91 71.12 88.5 4.4 4.8 ISC
514 1983 1 24 20:28:28.52 35.65 71.31 196.0 3.5 4.0 ISC
515 1983 02 07 21:45:59 33.85 70.67 96.0 3.5 4.0 ISC
516 1983 3 12 135357.6 34.15 73.05 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
517 1983 3 20 22358.91 33.52 72.6 40 4.0 4.0 TAR-MAN
518 1983 03 27 18:07:59 34.49 70.61 33.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
519 1983 3 28 23:07:01.37 35.98 71.18 81.8 4.4 4.8 ISC
520 1983 04 03 22:38:47 34.41 70.32 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
521 1983 04 05 32.30 69.90 33.0 4.4 4.4 PMD
522 1983 04 28 01:59:51 34.87 70.47 24.4 4.4 4.8 ISC
523 1983 5 12 03:47:55.24 35.34 71.32 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
524 1983 5 15 23510.68 34.68 70.36 10.0 4.0 4.0 MSSP
525 1983 06 24 12:20:15 34.42 69.70 41.7 4.5 4.9 ISC
526 1983 07 06 00:15:51 34.11 70.23 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
527 1983 7 18 64821.65 34.83 73.28 0.0 4.5 4.5 MSSP
528 1983 7 19 132348.2 33.47 72.65 15 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
529 1983 7 28 35947.33 34.78 70.49 5.0 4.3 4.3 MSSP
530 1983 8 11 08:06:18.49 35.92 73.77 22.3 4.6 4.9 ISC
531 1983 8 19 21241.53 33.75 72.09 6.8 4.1 4.1 MSSP
532 1983 8 30 3147.27 34.36 70.97 10.0 4.0 4.0 MSSP
533 1983 9 3 202354.94 35.06 73.13 10.0 4.4 4.4 MSSP
534 1983 10 15 215029.18 32.76 73.03 1.0 4.1 4.1 MSSP
535 1983 10 20 06:16:08 34.26 71.01 243.3 3.9 4.3 ISC
536 1983 10 20 10:09:06 34.73 71.33 33.0 3.5 4.0 ISC
537 1983 10 22 153255.5 33.16 73.01 10 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
538 1983 11 04 15:46:19 34.56 70.51 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
539 1983 11 6 202038.19 34.59 72.93 14.6 4.1 4.1 MSSP
540 1983 11 29 3532.96 34.33 72.95 32.5 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
541 1983 12 16 23642.14 34.06 73.63 7.5 4.3 4.3 MSSP
542 1983 12 18 173823.1 34.21 73.13 5 3.9 3.9 TAR-MAN
543 1983 12 31 07:27:56.98 35.47 72.17 228.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
544 1983 12 31 175852.96 33.22 71.39 33.0 3.5 4.0 USGS
545 1984 1 4 135913 33.98 72.78 10 4.6 4.6 MSSP
546 1984 1 4 135622 33.97 72.78 5 4.3 4.3 MSSP
547 1984 1 4 135311.6 34.33 72.25 10 4.2 4.2 TAR-MAN
548 1984 1 5 11055.83 34.22 73.17 20 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
549 1984 1 5 5737.96 34.01 73.33 0 3.6 3.6 TAR-MAN
550 1984 1 18 20:24:13.41 35.02 73.15 16.0 4.1 4.5 ISC
551 1984 02 01 14:22:09 34.57 70.48 44.5 5.9 5.9 6.0 ISC
552 1984 02 01 14:50:40 34.46 70.39 33.0 4.1 4.5 ISC
553 1984 02 01 23:00:44 34.70 70.58 33.0 4.6 4.9 ISC
554 1984 2 1 17:25:13.02 35.54 71.52 - 4.2 4.6 ISC
555 1984 02 02 17:36:30 34.55 70.46 56.5 4.9 5.2 ISC
556 1984 02 02 17:46:24 34.70 70.24 33.0 4.2 4.6 ISC
557 1984 02 03 18:12:18 34.51 70.47 52.6 4.9 5.2 ISC
558 1984 02 03 21:11:01 34.98 70.91 33.0 4.1 4.5 ISC
559 1984 02 05 14:43:32 34.87 70.60 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
560 1984 02 06 03:23:30 34.29 70.70 124.9 3.6 4.1 ISC
561 1984 02 10 06:08:19 34.91 70.44 33.0 4.0 4.4 ISC
562 1984 02 11 03:07:06 34.82 70.67 33.0 4.3 4.7 ISC
563 1984 02 11 08:37:06 33.56 71.74 33.0 4.8 5.1 ISC
564 1984 02 12 13:40:36 34.90 70.94 22.0 4.4 4.8 ISC
565 1984 2 17 16412.09 33.9 73.02 15 4.3 4.3 TAR-MAN
566 1984 02 18 07:04:59 34.20 71.82 51.8 4.6 4.9 ISC
567 1984 02 18 07:08:56 34.35 72.02 33.0 4.1 4.5 ISC