this material can help you to understand that what is Tragedy by Aristotle.

1. Topic:
Aristotle Concept of Tragedy And Tragic Hero.
Presented By:
 Syed ali zain
 Syed Moin Shah

2. WHO WAS ARISTOTLE?
 Was a Greek philosopher.
 Born at Stagria in 384 BC
There phase of his career:
 He became the member of Plato’s Academy.
 After the death of palto, he left
 He returned to Athens again.
 He died in Chalsis in 322 BC.

3. WHAT IS TRAGEDY IN LITERATURE?
Tragedy is any serious drama that describe a conflict b/w
the hero and superior force.( Destiny,god, etc.)
 Greek concept of tragady:
 In Modern age:
According to Aristotle The tragedy is?
“A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious, has a
magnitude and is complete in itself.I It should arose pity and
fear to produce the effect of Catharsis.

4. ELEMENTS OF TRAGADY
1)Plot: Is the arrangement of the incident in a logical
sequence.
 Requirement of plot:
Kinds of plot:
 Simple plot: Simple plot does not contain
peripeteia.
 Complex plot: Contain the reversal of fortune and
thus also have anagnorisis

5. Elements of tragady:
2) Character:
 Goodness
 Appropriateness
 True to life
 Self- consistency
3) Thought: The thought of character is expressed through language embodied in the .
form of dialogue.
4) Diction: The diction is the use of grammatical elements or figure of speech in a .
. Language.
5) spectacle: It means that appearnce of the actor or stage.
6)Melody: Melody also play an important part in formation of tragady.

6. HAMARTIA
An outstanding quality of an Ideal tragic hero is
that he should have some tragic flaw or
hamartia.
“Hamartia is some error of judgement or
miscalculation of circumstances.”

7. MAN OF HIGH STATUS
The first Aristotle's criterion of the tragic hero requires
that the character must be noble or a man of high
status.
When he was a young man of eighteen, he brings
honor to his village by throwing Amalinze the Cat, a
wrestler who was undefeated for 7 years.

8. TRAGIC FLAW
 Okonkwo kills Ikemefuna because "He was afraid of being
thought Weak Okonkwo not only weakens his
relationship with his wives and Nwoye, but also hurts
himself mentally.
 A sad accident added to his tragic end when ,on Ezeudu's
funeral a piece of iron exploded from his gun and pierced
the body of Ezeudu’s sixteen years old son.

9. AROUSES OF PITY AND FEAR
 The act of killing Ikemefuna arouses pity and fear in the readers.
 It strikes our feeling of pity and fear towards Okonkwo and Ikemefuna
in which Okonkwo, afraid of being thought weak participates in killing
Ikemefuna who has regarded him as his father. While on the other
hand. Okonkwo also has a hidden feeling of love towards Ikemefuna.

10. SELF-REALIZATION
 Another Aristotle’s criterion for being a tragic hero requires that the
character must discover his fate by his own actions.
 Okonkwo's self-realization starts when he comes back to Umuofia
after his seven years exile.
 He discovers his tragic fate when he beheads the white
messenger during the clan meeting and sees that none of his
clan members go after the escaping white men.

11. DOWNFALL DUE TO EXCESSIVE PRIDE
 Okonkwo was hostile towards less successful men. "He was
impatient with less successful people " which is why he hated
his father.
 He was also a proud man as the narrator said, "When he
walked his heels hardly touched the ground and he seemed to
walk on springs."

12. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Achebe has thoroughly revealed Things Fall Apart
as a tragedy through his tragic hero, Okonkwo, and by the pity
and fear aroused in the reader: therefore. Achebe successfully
and accurately fulfills Aristotle's concept of tragedy and tragic
hero.