The Importance Of Science And Science

The Importance Of Science And Science
In the modern world, science and math make up everything around us. The world we live in now exists because of science and math, but there was a
time when people didn't like math and science. A time when people would rather believe religion and logic, then math, science, and evidence.
Narrator Michael Mosley tells a story of science. He says the story of one of the great upheavals in human history was how we came to understand that
our planet was not at the center of everything in the cosmos but just one of billions of bodies in a vast and expanding universe. In Greece, at the temple
of Apollo, there was the city of Delphi, where many greeks would go because they belived there was a stone that was in the middle of the Earth and
the middle of the universe. Greek scientists believed that the Earth remained still, while the rest of the stars and planets moved around us and Earth
was in the middle of the cosmos.
For thousands of years, people believed that the Earth was in the middles of the universe. They even built equipment that further fueled their belief. In
modern times, we know this isn't true, so how did people stop believing? It started in the 17th century.
During the 17th centruy, Europe was in turmoil. Religion and new rules were sweeping across the nation. It was during this time that Rudolph II, who
ruled Prague, wanted new discoveries. Prague was at the center of wealth and power, so Rudolph II wanted to show it. Enter Tycho Brahe, a Danish
nobleman and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Essay on Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician who lived between 1671–1630. Kepler was a Copernican and initially believed that
planets should follow perfectly circular orbits ("Johan Kepler" 1). During this time period, Ptolemy's geocentric theory of the solar system was
accepted. Ptolemy's theory stated that Earth is at the center of the universe and stationary; closest to Earth is the Moon, and beyond it, expanding
towards the outside, are Mercury, Venus, and the Sun in a straight line, followed by Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the "fixed stars". The Ptolemaic system
explained the numerous observed motions of the planets as having small spherical orbits called epicycles ("Astronomy" 2). Kepler is best known for
introducing three... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His first law states, "The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse." As shown in Figure 1, The Sun is not at the focus
of the ellipse, but is instead at one focus [usually there is nothing at the other focus of the ellipse]. The planet then trails the ellipse in its orbit, which
implies that the Earth–Sun distance is continually changing as the planet goes around its orbit. Kepler's second law states, "The line joining the
planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times as the planet travels around the ellipse." As shown in Figure 2, an imaginary line from the
center of the sun to the center of a planet sweeps out the same area in a given time. This means that planets move faster when they are closer to the
sun. Kepler's third and final law states, "The time taken by a planet to make one complete trip around the sun is its period. The ratio of the squares of
periodic times for two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances from the sun." Kepler's third law indicates that the time taken
by a planet to orbit the Sun increases quickly with the radius of its orbit ("Johannes Kepler: The" 1–4). Kepler's laws challenged Aristotelean and
Ptolemaic astronomy. His statement that the Earth

The Time Of Aristotle 's Theory On Religion And The...
From the time of Aristotle in 300 B.C.E. until the mid–sixteenth century, there was an unbreakable connection between religion and the understanding
of the universe. It isn't until the
Renaissance that the breakthrough that leads to our modern sciences begins. This breakthrough is a change in the way that people thought about the
big questions of the day. Instead of basing theories on religious notions and first principles, men like Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and
Isaac Newton sought real answers that could be tested and supported by evidence. With this methodology, these men challenged classical sources of
knowledge and altered classical interpretations of nature.
Ancient cultures such as the Babylonians, Egyptians, and the Greeks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first law is that the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus. His second law is that a line from a planet to the sun sweeps over
equal areas in equal intervals of time. Kepler's third law is that a planet's orbital period is proportional to its average distance from the sun cubed.
All these laws were a result of Kepler abandoning two–thousand–year–old beliefs about the motions of the planets. Through his observations, he could
see that the orbits of the planets were ellipses, not the perfect circles that philosophers like Aristotle had clung to. He also saw through his analysis that
the planets moved faster when closer to the sun and slower when farther away. With this, Kepler abandoned the theory of uniform circular motion that
was the basis for
Ptolemy's model of the universe had used. After The Rudolphine Tables were completed and published using Kepler's new laws, it became clear that
these tables could better predict the position of the planets than any of its kind before it.Before Kepler, Copernicus had proposed the heliocentric
universe in opposition to the geocentric theory that was accepted at the time, but he had failed to find this precise model of planetary motion that
Kepler's tables now supplied.
The accuracy of these tables was strong evidence that Kepler's laws and the theory of a heliocentric universe were correct.

Scientific Revolution Study Guide
Agenda: Meet the class, review syllabus and present an introduction to the Scientific Revolution(1).
Discuss the condition of European society and the power of the Church before the Scientific Revolution occurred.
Assignment:
Read about the Ptolemaic Model and the Copernican Model.
Create Venn Diagram of the Ptolemaic Model and the Copernican Model. (5 points, HW)
Ptolemaic Model: http://www.polaris.iastate.edu/EveningStar/Unit2/unit2_sub1.htm
Copernican Model: http://www.polaris.iastate.edu/EveningStar/Unit2/unit2_sub2.htm
Agenda:
Collect and review the venn diagram.
Review the Ptolemaic model and the Copernican model. Also, give a lecture on Nicolaus Copernicus and Ptolemy as individuals. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Turner.
Agenda:
Learn about RenГ© Descartes and his use of rational deduction.
Collect extra credit assignment.
Assignment:
Compare and contrast the ideas of Francis Bacon and RenГ© Descartes. (5 points, HW)
Agenda:
Collect and review homework.
Work on the study guide and ask me for help in class(4).

Assignment:
Study for the Test next class.
Agenda:
Take Unit 1 Test (30 multiple choice questions, 10 multiple choice document based questions, one essay) (50 points, T) (5).
Assignment:
Read the brief article about mechanism. Write about a scientist that followed this philosophy. Be sure to explain how their ideas or discoveries show
that they are indeed adherents to mechanism.
(5 points, HW)
Brief mechanism article: http://www.britannica.com/topic/mechanism–philosophy
Class 11
Class 12
Class 13
Class 14
Class 15
Agenda:
Collect homework.
Lecture on mechanism and John Locke. Review his ideas like the blank tablet, his ideas regarding human nature, and the social contract.

Essay on The Scientific Revolution
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, radical and controversial ideas were created in what would become a time period of great
advances. The Scientific Revolution began with a spark of inspiration that spread a wild fire of ideas through Europe and America. The new radical
ideas affected everything that had been established and proven through religious views. "The scientific revolution was more radical and innovative than
any of the political revolutions of the seventeenth century."1 All of the advances that were made during this revolutionary time can be attributed to the
founders of the Scientific Revolution.
The revolution brought about many radical changes and ideas that helped to strengthen it and the scientists that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nicholas Coperincus (1473–1543) was born in Poland where he studied mathematics and astronomy. In 1504, Copernicus began writing his famous
novel De Revolutionibus Orblum Coelestium; however it was not published until after his death, due to the radical ideas that were contained inside.4
Copernicus was a man of great intelligence and his ideas changed scientists' minds about astrology. In his book, he discussed his ideas of the Earth not
being the center of the universe, but instead that the Earth revolves around the Sun. At the time of Copernicus' book being published, little controversy
was created. It was not until a half–century later; it became an extremely controversial concept. It was seen as an influence that went against religious
views.5
The most influential piece of Copernicus' ideas is the Copernican Revolution, " a revolution in ideas, a transformation in man's conception of the
universe and of his own relation to it."6 Copernicus wanted to increase the accuracy of astronomical theory through describing the roles of the Sun and
Earth together, as well as their individual roles. A reform in the fundamental concepts of the two essential planets was the first part of the Copernican
Revolution. Copernicus' ideas of astrology led to many other important people involved in the revolution to form new understandings of nature and
man's role in it.
One man who used the influence of past ideas was Tycho Brahe (1546– 1601).

How Did Tycho Brahe Contribute To The World
Imagine a world where we didn't know about how the stars and the planets worked. We didn't know where they were and what they did. That's what
the world would be like without Tycho Brahe. He created many inventions that were more accurate than ever. He ran an observatory until he stopped
working and would share info with other astronomers. His studies helped make other discoveries possible. He also had a great education but he didn't
even study astronomy! Tycho Brahe was born on December 14, 1546 in Scania, which was part of Denmark at the time but is now in Sweden. He was
the oldest of his siblings Otto Brahe and Beatte Brahe. When he was only thirteen his uncle sent him to the university of Copenhagen. There he studied
law and philosophy. While he was studying at Copenhagen there was a partial eclipse of the sun. This is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is where he began to learn a lot about astronomy. He got a hold of astronomy books and instruments. He hid the items from his tutor during
the day and would stay up all night looking at the stars and read his books. Then on August 17, 1563 Tycho was observing the stars and noticed
that Saturn and Jupiter passed very close to each other. Later his tutor stopped tutoring him and his uncle died of pneumonia. Tycho then left
Leipzig and went to Germany. When Tycho went to Germany he met some amateur astronomers who were very rich. They studied together for a
long time. Their problem was they didn't have a very accurate way to observe the sky. This led them to make a large quadrant of a circle with a 19
foot radius! It took them over 20 men to build it! The quadrant was set so they could make observations through an open window. They also had
several clocks all being used one after another to make the observations as precise as they possibly could. Then in 1570, after spending years in
Germany with fellow astronomers, he returned home to

Tycho Brahe Observed In The Sky On That Night
Tycho Brahe, the artist of this image, drew this on the way home when he spotte a new star in the sky. He grew up fascinated with the sky, and he
eventually stopped school to pursue his dream of becoming an astrologist. He has written books with his discoveries in them and has also invented
many machines to aid his in the measurement of the sky. The main purpose of this picture was to show what Brahe observed in the sky on that night.
Brahe drew this with the naked eye, meaning that he might not have accurately seen or drawn the star. This drawing is very mostly easy to understand,
although the word do appear to be in Latin. This drawing shows the observations of Brahe. It shows 9 stars labeled with the letters from A–I. While
some are spread ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Levy and Wendee Wallach–Levy, love to go out looking for new comets. David is an ametuer astronomer who is also a science editor for magazines.
He has written many other well praised books on topic of astronomy and space. Wendee is also considered to be an astronomer as she has discovered
28 asteroids. The central purpose of the text was to inform the reader about discoveries in astronomy that have helped the future understand space a
little better. This includes discoveries from Brahe, Galileo, Kepler and more. The authors of this text were slightly unbiased. At first glance, it appears
the authors just put in the facts and nothing less. Upon further investigation, one would discover that their personal opinions about a certain topic are
scattered throughout the text. The reading level of this text appears to be of college and above. The book is long, has small text and the vocabulary
would be slightly difficult for an average teen to

The Impact of the Scientific Revolution on Society and...
Over the course of the years, society has been reformed by new ideas of science. We learn more and more about global warming, outer space, and
technology. However, this pattern of gaining knowledge did not pick up significantly until the Scientific Revolution. In the sixteenth and seventeenth
century, the Scientific Revolution started, which concerned the fields of astronomy, mechanics, and medicine. These new scientists used math and
observations strongly contradicting religious thought at the time, which was dependent on the Aristotelian–Ptolemy theory. However, astronomers like
Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton accepted the heliocentric theory. Astronomical findings of the Scientific Revolution disproved the fact that
humans were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everything on earth was imperfect while all that in space was perfect because God's kingdom was outside of the earth. A popular idea was that heavy
things fall faster while lighter things sink to the ground slowly. This idea was adapted by the Church to explain the admission into heaven. Those who
are an overall better person will "rise" up to heaven while those who are not–so–good will "sink" into the center of the earth into hell. As a result,
everything was related and backed up by theology. These concepts would later be weakened by scientists of the Scientific Revolution.Johannes Kepler
(1571–1630) was a German astronomer who believed in the heliocentric theory. Kepler is a clear example of the narrow line that separated science and
religion. Nonetheless, his ideas would show that things could be solved through reason alone. He believed that the harmony of the human soul could be
found through numerical relationships that existed between planets. He found that the planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Uranus, Jupiter, and
Saturn all revolved at different times. For example, the earth revolved around the sun in a year while Saturn revolved around the sun in fifty years. From
this, Kepler found a mathematical ratio, nine to the two–thirds power, to explain this phenomenon. This was revolutionary to humanity's place in the
universe. People were shocked that the universe could be explained by math alone rather than religion. This went strongly

Johannes Kepler's Accomplishments
Anahi Ortiz Anahi Ortiz Mr. HamptonSocial Studies April 27, 2015Renaissance Essay: Johannes Kepler Imagine what it would be like to be a great
mathematician, who could solve anything involving numbers. This makes me think of Johannes Kepler because he was the renaissance’s
innovator who could invent new ideas with math. Johannes Kepler was born in Weil Der Stadt in the holy Roman Empire now Germany. Johannes
was known for being able to justify six planets and its distances. Johannes Kepler had a very rough life growing up. Early on, Johannes was prone to
Ill–health. His hands were damaged and his eyesight was diagnosed with a virus called small pox. His grandfathers were amazed with his ability to...
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HamptonSocial Studies April 27, 2015Renaissance Essay: Johannes Kepler Imagine what it would be like to be a great mathematician, who could
solve anything involving numbers. This makes me think of Johannes Kepler because he was the renaissance’s innovator who could invent new
ideas with math. Johannes Kepler was born in Weil Der Stadt in the holy Roman Empire now Germany. Johannes was known for being able to justify
six planets and its distances. Johannes Kepler had a very rough life growing up. Early on, Johannes was prone to Ill–health. His hands were damaged
and his eyesight was diagnosed with a virus called small pox. His grandfathers were amazed with his ability to solve any problem they could bring up
to him involving numbers. Another fact about Johannes Kepler is his father Heinrich Kepler earned his living as a mercenary and left the family when
Johannes was five. Johanne's mother took him outside to see the eclipse when he was nine years old, he remembered the event his entire life. He was
schooled in latin the language of academics, the legal profession and churchmen throughout Europe. Later on he attended Protestant Seminary of
Maulbronn, he wished to become a protestant minister. He also attended University of Tubingen, where he took the classes of Theology, Greek Hebrew,
Philosophy and Mathematics. Johannes Kepler had

Johannes Kepler Research Paper
Aaron Espinoza
Instructor Lindsay Fuller
April 17, 2016
AST–1031–001
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler was born on the 27 of December in the year 1571, in the town of Weil der Stadt, in the Holy Roman Empire, of German Nationality.
He was born to Heinrich Kepler, a mercenary, and Katharina Guldenmann, an inn–keeper's daughter who was also an herbalist. He had two brothers
and one sister. The Kepler family was well off but inertly grew poor. Johannes himself wasn't in too good of a shape either. He was born prematurely
and was claimed to have been weak and fragile. Johannes, however, had a brilliant, healthy, mind. He was very skilled in mathematics and grew to
love astronomy from a young age. It is noted that he observed the Great Comet of 1577 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He published his first astronomical work about it entitled Mysterium Cosmographicum (The Cosmographic Mystery). His work defended the
Copernican system but never actually proved that it was correct.
In February 1600 Johannes Kepler met Tycho Brahe. Tycho Brahe was a Danish nobleman who was very well known for his astronomical and
planetary observations. Kepler worked with Brahe, who also believed in a sun centered system and combined some of the aspects of the Copernican
system with the Ptolemaic system to create the Tychonic system. The Tychonic system placed the earth at the center of the universe. The moon, the
sun, and the stars were the only things that orbited the earth. All of the other planets till orbited the sun and the orbits of Venus and Mars surrounded
Earth putting it between

The Revolution And Reformation During The Renaissance
Revolution and reformation; these are two words that are often identified with war, disagreement, and regional effects. While these things do indeed
come along with a revolution or reformation, they heed an array of positive and secular outcomes as well. In addition, a revolution can, and usually
will, cause a reformation. Conversely, a reformation can cause a revolution. This can happen despite the two things involved with the change or
disagreement being seemingly unrelated. The world is connected and affected in ways that we cannot comprehend until we look at our world's history
and see how every small occurrence leads to a landslide of repercussions. The Renaissance is a prime example of this interconnectedness, as it was a
time of rebirth, revolution and reformation. During the Renaissance, many changes ensued as a result of scientists, scholars and humanists who
realized that they weren 't being taught or treated properly. This idea of unsatisfactory treatment as a result of the humanist spirit of the Renaissance led
to the Scientific Revolution and The Protestant Reformation, movements that occurred during the Renaissance that changed life in Western Europe,
and eventually the whole world, forever.
Imagine being told that everything you have learned from school and books was based simply on the beliefs of philosophers. All of the scientific
readings that you and everyone you know have been studying because you trusted them to be true were written not by

Tycho Brahe Research Paper
He played a vital role in the development of various astronomical instruments. Brahe is also known for his precise and comprehensive astronomical
planetary observations, which heavily influenced future discoveries.He made accurate and precise astronomical observations for his times, even
without the help of the telescope. Brahe was an active participant to the debates on the nature of the Universe. Although better known as a famed
astronomer, Tycho Brahe also played a crucial role in the development of geodesy and cartography. Brahe died in 1601 at the age of 54. While
attending a banquet, societal customs did not allow him to excuse himself before his host. Brahe had drunk excessively, but refused to leave to use the
bathroom. It is thought

The Life of Johannes Kepler Essay
The Life of Johannes Kepler
HIS LIFE
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician ho discovered that planetary motion is elliptical. Early in his life, Kepler wanted to
prove that the universe obeyed Platonistic mathematical relationships, such as the planetary orbits were circular and at distances from the sun
proportional to the Platonic solids (see paragraph below). However, when his friend the astronomer Tycho Brahe died, he gave Kepler his immense
collection of astronomical observations. After years of studying these observations, Kepler realized that his previous thought about planetary motion
were wrong, and he came up with his three laws of planetary motion. Unfortunately, he did not have a unifying theory for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Each interior angle of an equilateral triangle is 60В°, therefore we could fit together three, four, or five of them at a vertex, and these correspond to
the tetrahedron, the octahedron, and the icosahedron. Each interior angle of a square is 90В°, so we can fit only three of them together at each
vertex, giving us a cube. The interior angles of the regular pentagon are 108В°, so again we can fit only three together at a vertex, giving us the
dodecahedron.
That makes five regular polyhedra. However, what would happen if we had a six–sided figure? Well, its interior angles are 120В°, so if we fit three of
them together at a vertex the angles add up to 360В°, and therefore they lie flat. For this reason we cannot use hexagons to make a Platonic solid. In
addition, obviously, no polygon with more than six sides can be used either, because the interior angles just keep getting larger.
The Greeks, who had to find religious truth in mathematics, found the idea of exactly five Platonic solids very compelling. The philosopher Plato
concluded that they must be the fundamental building blocks of nature, and assigned to them what he believed to be the essential elements of the
universe. He followed the earlier philosopher Empedocles in assigning fire to the tetrahedron, earth to the cube, air to the octahedron, and water to the
icosahedron. To the dodecahedron, Plato assigned the

Johannes Kepler was a mathematician, an astrologer, and an astronomer. He was a key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution and was best
known for his laws of planetary motion. Kepler was born on December 27, 1571, and was a sickly child to poor parents. In his early years, he
developed an interest in mathematics, and a love for astronomy he kept his entire life. Small Pox had left him with crippled hands and poor vision, but
despite this handicap, he went on to achieve fame in the field of both optics and astronomy. He impressed people with his intelligence and, at age
thirteen, entered a religious training school in Germany. Because of his aptitude for mathematics, he was awarded a scholarship to the University of
Tubingen.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first year of their marriage, Barbara and Kepler had two daughters, both of whom died in infancy. They had three other children in the
following years. However, Barbara's health deteriorated and she died in 1612. On October 30, 1613, Kepler married his second wife, Susanna
Reuttinger. The first three children born after this marriage, also died in infancy. In the midst of all these emotional upheavals, Kepler's mother was
accused of practicing witchcraft and was imprisoned for 14 months. Kepler was said to have been there by her side throughout her trial. In 1596,
Kepler wrote his first public defense of the Copernican system, the Mysterium Cosmographicum. Kepler said he had an 'epiphany' about the cosmic
plan of the structure of the universe during his teaching career at the Protestant school of Graz. He defended the Copernican views by demonstrating
the periodic conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in the zodiac. He also addressed the polygonal ratios between the planets, stating that he was sure of the
geometry of the

The Scientific Revolution Was Not An Organized Effort
"Eppur si muove," (but it does move) said Galileo Galilei. (Koyre 1943) The scientific revolution marks a decisive break between the middle ages
and the modern world, but it was rooted in earlier developments. It's the link between observation, experiment, and invention. The scientific revolution
was not an organized effort; theories sometimes led to a dead end and discoveries were often accidental. The scientific revolution left a permanent
imprint upon history and from its legacy developed the colossal modern social orders of today. (Huff 1996)
Heliocentricity is a theory that places the Sun as the center of the universe, and the planets orbiting around it. It's important because it is the belief that
the earth is the center of the universe. (Cole, et al. 2012) For many years, different philosophers argued about what they believed was the center of the
universe. Some had their ideas revolve around the church and others had self–opinionate ideas without any integration of the church. Nicolaus
Copernicus was an understudy of past onlookers and a theoretician. He contemplated the watched movements of grand bodies in connection to the
acknowledged geocentric Aristotelian framework, which put the earth at the focal point of the nearby planetary group, with the sun and planets in
circle. Copernicus ' perceptions drove him to infer that there was some kind of problem with the geocentric hypothesis. He tried the speculation that the
earth was truth be told in circle around the

Scientists Who Unlocked the Mysteries of the Universe Essay
Scientists Who Unlocked the Mysteries of the Universe
Since the dawn of time, man has yearned to know the origin of existence, how life was started, and the source of creation. Many scientists, from ancient
Greece to modern civilization, began the search for answers by first studying our solar system, mapping the stars, trying to unlock their secrets. These
eight scientists paved the way for any basic knowledge of the universe. Born in 270 BC, the Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, was the first
scientist known to suggest that the earth revolves around the sun. Little is known of the childhood of Aristarchus, as well as his entire life. His only
recorded works come from Archimedes and Plutarch, which discuss his ideas of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The father of modern astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus, was born in Poland in 1743. All that is known of his childhood is that his father died
when Nicolaus was ten years old, so he was raised by his uncle. Copernicus was lucky that his uncle was a prominent Bishop and made sure that
Nicolaus received a good education. He enrolled in the University of Cracow to study mathematics, astronomy, astrology, and philosophy. After
completing his studies there, Copernicus traveled abroad and also enrolled in the Universities of Bologna and Padua to study both medicine and law.
After his return to Poland, he was elected as canon, due greatly to his uncle's influence, so Copernicus devoted his time to astronomy. In 1512,
Copernicus began a critical study of all the proposed models of the universe and decided that the model that Ptolomy was too complicated to be
possible. He then created the "Copernican system", in which the sun was the center of the universe and all the planets were in constant orbit around it.
But Copernicus deemed it necessary to include two of Ptolomy's constructions, the epicycle and the eccentric, to explain The constant variable in the
movement of the planets because he believed that all planets were in a circular orbit around the sun. Since Copernicus used two of Ptolomy's ideas,
his model was about as inaccurate. Before Nicolaus Copernicus died in 1543, he finished his

Tycho Research Paper
Tycho was the eldest son of Otto Brahe and Beatte Bille; he was also born into high nobility, he was raised by his uncle, JГёrgen Brahe, and was
brought to universities in Copenhagen and Leipzig. Despite his family's demanding him to get a degree in the law, Tycho wanted to get a degree in
astronomy.
There were three major crucial events that occurred in Tycho's life that caused him to change his career choice of law for astronomy. A predicted total
solar eclipse, on August 21, 1560, was the first spark that lit up. As many of his future references stated, seeing such a prediction as resolute and
supernatural were truly unforgettable.
Tycho's next symbolical moment in his life took place in August 1563, when he noticed several inaccuracies... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Tycho's time, however, this caused mass hysteria. The reason why is because much of the law, especially the Catholic Church, still believed in
Aristotle's basis of central and unbroken harmony of the whole world, which was ruled by "the perfect and unchanging stars", so many scientists at the
time had to protect themselves against the unpredictability of the reactions by the supporters of the harmony.
The announcement of stars that can be changed and created as greatly as Tycho described it, along with the heliocentric theory, where the sun was the
center of the universe instead of the Earth, that was brought up from Copernicus, shook confidence in the unchangeable laws of the distant past and
prompted that the chaos and imperfections of Earth were emulated in the heavens. With the help of the new star's discovery in 1572, as well as his
publicized observations of it in 1573, Tycho revolutionized from an amateur to a professional astronomer.
The discovery of finding a new star in the Cassiopeia constellation caused Tycho to re–live his life towards astronomy again, and there was one
important and urgent task he needed to accomplish; to establish a large observatory in Germany for regular observations of celestial

Tycho Brahe's Accomplishments
Imagine lying in the grass, looking up into the stars, and wondering, what is happening up there? Tycho Brahe's curiosity of the stars sparked his
career of becoming an astronomer. He had been fascinated by the universe and had studied it as a hobby, but it was not until later in life did it become
his career. Tycho Brahe was a passionate astronomer who contributed to the Renaissance through his discoveries of the universe. Tycho's studies as a
scientist led to his accomplishments and his lasting impact on astronomy.
Tycho Brahe's experiences at college inspired him to defy his uncle and become an astronomer. At a young age, Tycho was sent to the University of
Copenhagen to become an attorney to follow the Brahe family tradition. But it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Brahe portrayed the humanist ideal observation by revising previous theories and scientific tools throughout his career. Three discoveries attributed to
Tycho Brahe include how the earth's position is viewed in the universe, mapping of celestial bodies, and his creation of accurate scientific instruments.
Before the Renaissance, many scientists believed in the geocentric theory, or the belief that the earth was the center of the universe, and the sun, planets,
and other stars revolved around earth. Tycho proved that the path of the comet of 1577 was not circular, but elongated, meaning that it would be
impossible according to the geocentric theory. This discovery influenced the ways scientists viewed the location of planets and stars. Tycho viewed
and observed a new star in the constellation Cassiopeia that lay beyond the moon and was in the realm of fixed stars. This discovery of the new star
influenced the way scientists mapped all celestial bodies. Brahe was one of the first astronomers to realize the importance of error of instrumentation.
He believed that some of the errors in the astronomical works of famous Renaissance astronomers were due to poor instrumentation. He was able to
develop new instruments to plot his research that were massive improvements on the previous tables and tools used. His designs for new methods and
instruments won him great fame. These discoveries continue to influence the way scientists view the universe

The Roman Catholic Church Responded Treatment
The Roman Catholic Church responded treatment of Luther, Huguenots in France, relationship with the Holy Roman Emperor, the Jesuits and the
Council of Trent, treatment of Galileo and other scientists very differently. Luther was called before Emperor Charles V to recant his beliefs. Although
some German Princes sided with Luther, it was still declared an outlaw. He protected by a German Prince Frederick the Wise. He translates Erasmus'
Greek Bible into German. Holy Roman Emperor and the RCC were political allies. Prince's allied with Luther to indirectly challenge the emperor.
Huguenots in France worked to reform the rest of France, but the Catholic King Henry III was not about to let that happen. King Louis XIV
revoked the Edict of Nantes, this resulted in driving out hundreds of thousands of his best citizens abroad. The monks at Cluny were challenging
the power of the Holy Roman Emperor, there was also the idea of separation of church and state. By 1050, King Henry III appointed the Pope he
liked which was Clement II. After his death the archbishops were able to elect the Pope. Henry IV had a serious threat to his stability. He made his
bishops swear loyalty to him. When Gregory excommunicated Henry he begged for forgiveness and he got it; after Henry was back to placing
bishops, he was excommunicated again. The Germans were eager to see a weakened king siding with the church. The Holy Roman Empire was no
way united, still very strong, but they had no control over its

When Johannes Kepler was born in the late 16th century it was widely believed and accepted that the Earth was the center of our solar system and
that the other planets orbited in perfect circles around it. Kepler not only adamantly defended the idea that the Sun was actually the center of our
solar system, but also revealed that the planets' paths were not perfect circles. His description of the way the planets move came to be known as
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion. Even almost 500 years after Kepler debuted his theories these laws are still true. It's a testament to Kepler's
abilities as an astronomer and mathematician that he discovered these laws without the modern technology of today's world. Kepler's discoveries of the
laws of planetary... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kepler's work in the world of astronomy laid the foundation for Isaac Newton and his work on explaining gravity. Newton used Kepler's laws to help
formulate his laws of universe gravitation. These laws remained the most complete explanation of gravity until Albert Einstein came along early in
the 20th century. Kepler was also interested in optics. Among the most famous discoveries he made in that field is when he improved on the
telescope and made the version that we use today. He also explained how refraction works and the phenomenon of depth perception. His work with
eyeglasses also set the stage for how we correct poor vision today. Throughout Kepler's life he tied his religious views to his work. He thought that the
closer he came to understanding nature the closer he came to God (Breitman). Kepler's work during his life was so instrumental to the study of space
that NASA even announced the "Kepler Mission" to honor his contributions within the field of astronomy. During Kepler's time it was also widely
believed that the Earth affected the tides, but Kepler proposed that it was actually the Moon, but that wasn't proven until after he died. After years of
vital discoveries Kepler died on November 15, 1630 in Regensburg, Germany of an illness. He left behind three sons and two daughters from his two

Tycho Brahe Essay
Tycho Brahe is remembered for many things: his golden nose, his ignominious death, and his famous last words. All of these things have gone down in
history. However, Tycho Brahe was well–known in his time as a respected and well–paid astronomer. His observations were second to none. He was
unsatisfiable and meticulous in his profession, building two of the finest observatories of his time, the second because the first was not up to his own
high standards. He is still regarded as one of the best naked–eye observationalists of all time (Burke–Gaffney, 153).
Tycho was born in 1546 to Otto Brahe and Beate Bille, along with a twin brother who died before baptism. He was born at his father's estate in
Knutsorp in Scania, which was then a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, he wears a prosthetic in all of his most famous portraits. (Remmert, 25) .
Tycho began to gain fame as an astronomer after reporting on a "new star" in 1572. Tycho saw a very bright star in Cassiopeia on November 11th,
1572. He fixed its position with regards to the other stars in the constellation, and continued to observe it. It began to fade in brightness early the
next year, and was only as bright as Polaris within six months. He also reported on the color changes, from brilliant white to yellow to red and back
to red within that same six months (Hall 274). These careful observations helped springboard his career as an astronomer, and he published his
findings on "De Nova Stella" or "the New Star" in 1574.
His publication also tried to shed light on the astrological implications of this star. Tycho predicted strong cosmic influences in Scandinavia and a new
order in Europe. He also implied that he knew how to better understand astrology, but made no attempts to either explain this better astrology in writing
or to give any sort of temporal indication for his new order. (Christianson, "Comet 118").
His prominent station in Danish society left him in an awkward situation. He wanted nothing more than to continue his studies of the heavens, but it
was unheard of for a man of his status. He therefore spent some time giving lectures at the University of Copenhagen. His talks centered on the history
of Astronomy, including that of

The Pros And Cons Of The Scientific Revolution
The discoveries made during the Scientific Revolution were incredible, impactful, and never even thought about before. However, these new
discoveries were constantly under fire from the church. Even so, the breakthroughs kept coming, and the church couldn't stop them. Some of these
scientific discoveries are still in use today, and were the building blocks to modern science. The people who made these revelations were the scientists
who first found out that the earth revolved around the sun, or that the moon was full of holes and craters. There were many conflicts throughout this
period, as the church didn't want their power and ideas to come into question. That was unacceptable to them.
One of the many people who contributed to the Scientific Revolution was Nicolaus Copernicus. In 1543 he wrote and published On the Revolutions of
the Heavenly Spheres. This was his proposal of his theory of a sun–centered universe, called a heliocentric. He proposed that the sun was the center of
the universe, not the earth, as it was widely accepted to be at the time. He further said that the earth, along with all the other planets in the solar system,
revolved around the sun. In his predecessor's theory, Claudius Ptolemy, it showed that the earth was the center of the universe, and the sun and planets
revolved around it. To show this, he made a geocentric model depicting that theory, and it was widely accepted. Meanwhile, Copernicus made a
heliocentric model for his theory. It, naturally, showed his idea of a sun–centered universe (Document 1). Lots of people, experts, and especially the
church, rejected this revolutionary theory. People simply didn't want to believe, after years and years of accepting that the center of the universe was
themselves, that they, in fact, weren't. In Europe, all scientific knowledge and religious teaching were heavily based on the ideas and arguments of
classical thinkers. They thought that if Ptolemy's geocentric theory was wrong, then their entire scientific and worldly understanding might be in
question. However in the late 1500s, another astronomer, Tycho Brahe, found evidence that supported Copernicus. Brahe constructed an astronomical
observatory, and spent years carefully studying and

Tycho Brahe: A Court Astronomer In Rome
After receiving the news you requested my advise on the appointment of a court astronomer in Rome, I have made a thorough investigation of the
merits of each view of astronomy. After you read the following information I have based my opinion on, I advise to you that you hire as astronomer
that is a follower of Tycho Brahe. In the late 16th century he combined the mathematical benefits, which he saw in the Copernicus system, which
includes philosophical and physical benefits of the Ptolemaic system. It is essential in a geocentric model that the Earth should be in the center of the
universe. All the other sun, moon and stars revolve around the Earth and also the other five planets revolve around the Sun. Tycho got the motivation of
his Tychonic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After a thorough study he prepared a revolutionary theory that stated that the planets move in a circle formation rather than moving in an elliptical
form. The system given by Galileo known as Ptolemaic system in which each planet has a system of two spheres one is called as a deferent and the
other is termed as its epicycle. In this system it was argued that the Earth was in the center position of the universe while half the stars were above the
horizon and other half of that stars were below the horizon. There was also an assumption that the stars are at a modest distance from the center of the
universe. If somehow there is a displacement of Earth from its position, which is the center position, then this division will be into visible and invisible
stars will not be equal. The Copernicus remains speculative in spite of the influence of the Maraghaschool as there was no documentary evidence to
prove his system. There were many articles that argue that there is a biblical perspective which appear in some newsletters that indicates the apparent
movement of the Sun and the Moon around the Earth rather than showing that the rotation of the Earth about its own

Kepler's Accomplishments
This famous scientist was born December of 1571. He was introduced to astronomy at a very young age. He was able to observe the Great Comet of
1577 at age six. He studied at the university of tГјbingen to become a Lutheran minister. While he was there he also studied the works of Nicolaus
Copernicus, who said that the planets orbited around the sun and not the earth even though he had no evidence. Kepler did a lot of research about the
planetary motion. He contacted an astronomer, Tycho Brahe, in search for notes or details that could help him with his research. Brahe invited
Johannes to work with him. However, Brahe didn't want to share his notes with Kepler. When Brahe died Kepler kept his notes and observations.
Johannes

Johannes Kepler Research Paper
What are astronomers? Astronomers are scientists that study space including stars, planets, and galaxies above and beyond they mostly spend their
time analyzing data. Who is Johannes kepler? What does he do? Johannes Kepler is a astronomer, he was born on December 27, 1571 in Weil de Stadt,
Germany as a kid he was a sick child with poor parents as he got older he got a scholarship to the University of TГјbingen and majored to become
lutheran minister. While he was at the University of TГјbingen he was introduced to the work of Nicolaus Copernicus ( wrote that the planets orbited
the sun instead of the earth). In 1594, He became a professor in mathematics in Graz, Austria he taught mathematics and calendar marker. In Kepler's
spare time he

The Scientific Revolution
In the book " The Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction", Lawrence Principe discusses the general occurring events of the scientific
revolution, and overviews various in–depth details in relation to those events. People at the time highly focused on the meanings and causes of their
surrounds, as their motive was to "control, improve and exploit" (Principe 2) the world. In his work, Principe has successfully supported the notion that
the Scientific Revolution stood as a period in time where one's innovation would drive improvements towards change and continuity of future
innovations, along with changes of tradition. His statement is strongly backed by his detailed and particular order of events throughout the book.
Nevertheless, certain details that lead beyond the necessary background are found, as they do not appertain to the general line of the book, but rather
for background knowledge.
The first chapter offers a general background understanding of the Middle Ages and theRenaissance. Principe speaks of two prior Renaissances:
Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century. The Carolingian Renaissance developed the early centers for learning and
refinement, while the second Renaissance consisted of warmer climates that go to the constitution of the Medieval Warm Period. Increments in the
output of agriculture lead to a series of improvements, such as an increment in population and stability in political systems (6). Principe then continues

Tycho Brahe's Cosmology
Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton were the four other significant givers to current cosmology. Despite the fact that
Tycho Brahe did not have faith in the heliocentric view, his upholding for new gauges of exact perceptions changed space science all in all (Thoren,
1990). Tycho Brahe's commitments to space science were gigantic. He not just composed and constructed instruments, he additionally adjusted them
and checked their precision intermittently. He along these lines upset galactic instrumentation (1990). Johannes Kepler served as Tycho Brahe's
collaborator until the last's demise in 1601 and was then named Tycho's successor as Imperial Mathematician, the most prestigious arrangement in
science in Europe

Tycho Brahe Myths
Many of those who have begun to study astronomy have surely heard of Tycho Brahe–the brilliant, but eccentric whose observations would have gone
to waste due to his supposed inability to give them a purpose–and of Johannes Kepler–that divine, inexhaustible mathematician. However, Owen
Gingerich and Richard R. Voelkel argue that much of these stories are simply that–stories–and thus take it upon themselves to uncover what parts of the
story of Tycho and Kepler can be shown as truth, and which parts are merely legend. Breaking down their article into segments pertaining to the
greatest endeavors of Tycho and Kepler, Gingerich and Voelkel create their argument by presenting each astronomers blunders, brilliant moments, and
bumbling contradictions.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Touching on some of Tycho's other more successful observations, Gingerich and Voelkel then delve into the depths of Tycho's Martian observations,
bringing to close attention the contradicting findings of Tycho–the first of which he explained to Heinrich Bruceaus, his former teacher, that his
findings pointed toward the Copernican theory being false and the letters sent out three years later (using the previous observations) claimed that he
had succeeded in finding a parallax, thus giving strength to the Copernican theory–and providing an explanation as to why his refraction table (which
he had created as a ways to explain how he came up with a negative distance during one observation) was not

Scientific Revolution: Absolute Truth
The Scientific Revolution mangled all scientific theories, which previously was viewed as absolute truth. Aristotle was the "grandfather" of science.
His theories were law, and science could only build upon his foundation. However, Copernicus began to shatter those theories, now proclaiming that the
geocentric view of the world was no longer correct. Instead, he proposed a heliocentric worldview. Although he presented the world with a new theory,
he never lived long enough to convince others that his theory had truth. After Copernicus' death, Tycho Brahe became a leading astronomer. Contrary to
Copernicus, Brahe still believed in the geocentric view. Brahe prophesized that everything revolved around the sun, but that the sun revolved around...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Isaac Newton was a well–known scientist as well as a fantastic theologian. Through combining math and science he produced the Law of Gravity, the
Nature of Light, the Laws of Motion, and suggested universal gravitation rather than crystalline spheres. Following Newton was Sir Francis Bacon and
Renee Decart. Bacon believed that all science should be open. Everything should be questioned, examined, and tested until proven one–hundred percent
true, and that we should never trust the theories of those before us without testing it ourselves. Decart is famously known for, "I think therefore I am."
But beyond that, he is known for pronouncing that "Mathematics plus Science plus Reason equals Order." However, he never truly witnessed how
right he was. Subsequent to that, not only were the walls of science and mathematics forced to crumble, but the walls of medicine were also
demolished. With the help of Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey medicine was fully reinvented and the belief that everything could be explained by
an imbalance of humors was eradicated. In the end, all medieval beliefs were destroyed and replace with new theories, mathematics, and

The History and Factors Leading to Copernican Revolution
As humans we will always be challenged in our daily lives. When we have a view on something we may have to fight to prove its validity. Some of
us may be able to do it on our own but many of us will need a helping hand. Nicolaus Copernicus was this type of man. He developed a theory of a
sun centered or heliocentric solar system that went against the current popular belief of an earth centered or geocentric solar system. It took many
centuries for the world to accept his theory. Kepler, Galileo and Newton were strong proponents to the Copernican model and continued to advance his
research where they later proved that a heliocentric solar system was a correct model. Although Copernicus' views suffered great backlash, he became
the prime... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tycho Brahe was able to calculate the most accurate measurements available to the naked eye of planetary motions. Even though they were the most
accurate to date, he was still off by eight arc minutes. An arc minute is one sixtieth of a degree.
Inspired by Brahe's inaccurate measurements, mathematician Johannes Kepler of Germany tried to continue working with Brahe's calculations but
the 8 arc minute flaw encouraged him keep searching. Kepler was a strong believer in the Copernican model. He was not convinced though of the
circular path. After much research Kepler proposed an elliptical orbit. Using Brahe's extensive notes he was able to conclude that an elliptical orbit
was in fact correct. Using this he was able to develop the Three Laws of Planetary motions: The first law states the orbit of every planet is an ellipse
with the sun at one of its focal points; the second states that line joining the sun and a planet sweeps out at equal areas at every point on its orbit; and
the third equates the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun and the distance from the sun to the planet. These three laws are still commonly used today.
With the use of the telescope Galileo was able to provide pivotal evidence for the Copernican Revolution in the early 1600s. Galileo was the first
person to use the telescope for astronomy. He was able discover that the sun rotated on an axis by observing the motion of sunspots. By this discovery
he concluded that it was very probable that

Comparing Thomas Hobbes And Tycho Brahe
Our existence and cause for placement has been pondered and debated since the beginning of time. A significant period that which said thinking
occurred was the Enlightenment, a time where new ideas were being discovered and discussed. During this era, science and mathematics were
exploding, with people including Isaac Newton, Gotfreid Leibniz, and Tycho Brahe revolutionizing what we thought we knew. Their works revealed a
scientific approach rather than a religious one, indicating an intellectual revolution. The thinkers of this time began to consider how humans inherently
behaved and thought, otherwise known as our human nature. Among the most notable authors and their works representing this is: Thomas Hobbes'
ВЁLeviathanВЁ. Andrew MarvellВґs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hobbes continually claims that ВЁnature hath made men so equal in the faculties of body and menВЁ (Hobbes) leading to it to be justifiable to deem
their search for competition unending, exhibiting persistent and selfish behavior among everyone. As a result of this, in his further explanation of
man, Hobbes concludes that ВЁso that in the nature of man, we find three principle cases of quarrel. First, competition; secondly, diffidence; thirdly,
gloryВЁ (Hobbes). He believes the three motives for war and unrest is the desire for competition, modesty, and the desire to win in hopes of fame.
The wish to experience and achieve these concepts through war displays how humans are infamously selfish in how they act, according to this piece of
literature. Through Hobbes' use of the extreme language portrayed through the words ВЁdiffidenceВЁ and ВЁquarrelВЁ, the underlying importance of
these three cases are highlighted, as well as the persistence of humans, since their motives are of a copious amount. In addition to the diction within
ВЁLeviathanВЁ, the emotional and logical approaches in Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy MistressВЁ depict a sense of selfishness and persistence
defining human

How Did Johannes Kepler Influence The Solar System
Task 2 Essay
Could you imagine a world where you thought all the planets revolved around the sun? How about imagining a world where you were farsighted and
there are only nearsighted glasses? Johannes Kepler has shaped the world of science in so many different ways. He helped changed the way we think
about the solar system, created different planetary laws, and wrote many books such as Astronomia Nova. He changed what we knew about the solar
system and made it more understandable for everybody.
Even though Johannes Kepler made many different contributions to the Scientific Revolution, he didn't have the best start to his life. Johannes Kepler
was born in the year 1571, in Weil der Stadt, WГјrttemberg to a poor family. He was sick for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the early years of working with Tycho Brahe, Kepler was to explain why Mars seemed to move in retrograde, or backwards. This was a big
problem in the early 1600s because you couldn't see Mars up close and before the new model of the solar system, it wasn't known. Astronomers
were not so much as worried about planets orbits as they were about finding information about what the planets looked like or their sizes were. It
was just understood that planets moved in a circular motion, but Mars was the odd one out. Kepler made it his task to figure out why Mars was
different than the other planets. That's when his first law was made and explained in his book Astronomia Nova. Kepler took all of the information
from his years of research, and used it to explain the orbits of the planets. He discovered that all planets orbit in ellipses (which means they move in an
oval rotation) and that the sun was rotates on its own axis. These three statements later became known as Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion. The laws
state that the planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits, that the further away a planet was from the sun, the slower it would move, and some
information about gravity. Johannes Kepler's laws inspired Isaac Newton and acted as the foundation about his own laws of Universal Gravitation.
Kepler's work didn't end there though. He wrote many more books where he explained things like vision and how it worked, what is in a telescope
that makes it work, Kepler was very influential in fields other than astronomy. He also explained to others things such as horoscopes because he was an

Women In Astronomy Essay
Monica Neira
Astro 1105
Professor Kornreich
5 August 2015
Women in Astronomy
Throughout history, women have always stood in the shadows of men for power, recognition, and praise. Their roles throughout history consisted
primarily of tending to the house and children. Even when they were able to attain jobs, they were of little intellectual stimulation such as secretarial
work. Fortunately, women have never let the male– dominated cultures of their time hinder their involvements and advancements within the academic
realms. Three women from the ancient, middle, and modern periods provide examples of female persistence within the field of astronomy that reflects a
long–time battle for gender involvement in academia. Despite the common theme ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the misogyny women have faced in the passed has settled a bit, it still exists. Even today, women within scientific fields are struggling to be
held to the same esteem of men, however female contributions throughout history and today cannot be undermined. Ms. Armstrong captured the
essence of women in astronomy best as she stated, "Astronomy was never just a man's field. Women have always studied the night sky" (Cecilia
Payne–Gaposchkin).
Works Cited
"Brahe, Sophia." March 2012. Astronomy. .
"Cecilia Payne–Gaposchkin." 2015. She is an Astronomer. .
Gordon, Robin. "Sophie Brahe: Carrier of Sulphur." 2015. womenalchemists. .
"Hypatia." 2008. The Woman Astronomer. .
"Hypatia – 4th Century Woman Astronomer." 29 July 2010. Space Daily. .
HYPATIA of Alexandria, the Last Philosopher of the Hellenistic Era and her Brutal Assassination. By Yannis Yalamas. Dir. Yannis Yalamas. 2008.

"Sophia Brahe." 2015.
.
"Sophia Brahe Helped Map Planets." 11 March 2002. Gazette. .
Turner, Jean. "Cecilia Helena Payne–Gaposchkin." 2001. UCLA. .
"Tycho Brahe." 1995. The Galileo Project. .
Zielinski, Sarah. "Hypatia, Ancient Alexandria's Great Female Scholar." 14 March 2010. Smithsonian.

Johannes Kepler's Planetary Movement
Johannes Kepler was born on December 27th, 1571 Weil der Stadt, in the Holy Roman Empire, which is currently Southwest Germany. He was
born into a poor family, consisting of two brothers and a sister, and he was often sick since he was born prematurely. He suffered from permanently
damaged hands and eyesight due to an outbreak of smallpox early on in his childhood. His father, Heinrich Kepler, worked as a mercenary, and was
absent for most of Kepler's early life. In later years, Kepler described him as, " ... an immoral, rough and quarrelsome soldier". His mother, Katharina
Guldenmann, was a healer, and was accused of witchcraft down the line. From 1574 to 1576, Kepler lived with his grandparents, Sebald Kepler and
Melchior Guldenmann. In 1576,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was able to predict more accurately than previous works due to his discoveries and research on planetary motion. Mathematics was an immense
factor in the Rudolph Tables because it was able to calculate planetary positions at a certain date through logarithms. In Ulm Kepler realized that
he had no job to support himself and his family.Without a paying job or salary, Kepler tried to work off his debt by asking courts in Prague to give
him a small amount of money he saved during his time as Imperial Mathematician, but to no avail. Johannes Kepler fell ill and died in Regensburg
on November 15th, 1630. Two years after his death, his grave was destroyed due to havoc caused by the Thirty Years War. Kepler's numerous amounts
of works and theories established himself as one of the most influential astronomers and mathematicians of his time due to his remarkable discoveries.
His laws of planetary motion were used for almost four centuries as a definitive description to orbital motion. In the words of Johannes Kepler, "I much
prefer the sharpest criticism of a single intelligent man to the thoughtless approval of the

How Did Tycho Brahe Contribute To The Scientific Revolution
In the mid 1500's, the Scientific Revolution altered the way the opinions of the masses. This change paved a new way of thinking for Europeans.
More than 1,000 years ago, individuals concluded that the Earth was the center of the universe. Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer was interested in
studying science eclipses; in Germany he studied mathematics and astronomy. In 1571 when he was 25 years old, the King of England granted him
the island of Denmark and extra money to build his own observatory. After Brahe's death, Johannes Kepler continued his observations. (Tycho Brahe
Biography 1). Brahe's observations of a Supernova and planetary motions led to a new way of thinking for the Europeans because it led to a new
creation of accurate instruments, factual theories and started the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article, The New Astronomy and Cosmology of the Scientific Revolution, states, "Tycho's accurate observations of planetary positions, made it
possible Kepler's reconceptualization of the Copernican revolutions as eclipses rather than perfect circles." (Saylor Foundation 3). The observations
that Brahe concluded benefited Kepler's with his laws of the planetary motions. Kepler used Brahe's accurate observations for his planetary law of
motion. The article also states, "Tycho's observation of a falling star also made possible the conception of space as isotropic and non–hierarchical.
Thus, Tycho greatly advanced the scientific revolution." (Saylor Foundation 3). Brahe's establishment in the supernova immensely improved the
scientific revolution in many ways. The article, Accurate Astronomical Observations With Mechanical Instruments, the author Rubin states, "Tycho's
planetary model became discredited, his astronomical observations are considered an essential contribution to the Scientific Revolution." (Rubin 1)
After the observatory got destroyed all of his work went in

Accomplishments Of Johannes Kepler
Abstract
Born in a poor family, Johannes Kepler experienced the trauma of losing his father at a young age. Facing confrontations with the Church and religious
sects, he was forced to leave his home and move to Prague. There, he gained the opportunity to work with a renowned Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe.
Inheriting the precise data Brahe collected after Brahe died, Kepler delineated his most famous discoveries––his three laws of planetary motion. Other
than those three laws, he also made great contributions to the scientific field: he made discoveries in optics, gave explanations to the cause of tides on
Earth, and invented logarithm.
Keywords: three laws of planetary motion, elliptical orbit, calculation
Accomplishments of Johannes Kepler ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was quite unfortunate when he was young. He lost his father, who died in a battle in Holland, when he was five, and he was left to be taken care
of solely by his mother. In addition, he had bad health in his childhood due to a disease called smallpox. However, even though he was physically ill,
he was mentally strong. His astonishing problem solving skill was shown when guests at his grandfather's inn asked him to solve problems involving
numbers. What is more, under the influence of her mother's love of the natural world, Kepler had the opportunity to get exposed to stars, comets, and
other objects in the sky at night. His mother had helped to shape her son's path to explore the unknowns and to change people's perceptions on the solar
system and the

Galileo Essay
The scientific revolution was one of the greatest times in the 16th century and its ideals have proved to last to this very day. The great minds of the
scientific revolution brought forth new concepts and vastly complex while each one is rooted in a basic fundamental. Some of these ideas and
fundamentals were of the outside world, aka space, the planet and the stars, motion, and physics. One of the best minds of this time was, of course,
Galileo Galilei. This great astronomer was a marvel at his work, he introduced controversial concepts that the church did not accept but those that he
believed were to be true. Written by Galileo himself, this letter to the Grand Duchess professed his great discoveries and how they changed old ideas and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His discoveries made him infamous in the eyes of the Church and changed how people look at the earth with respect to the Universe. Being so
proud of his remarkable discoveries he decided to Duchess Christina. "I discovered in the heavens many things that had not been seen before our
own age." (Ch 16, Doc 4) He writes of his findings and how they were criticized and he was ridiculed for his findings. They denounce his new
perception of the world, but Galileo knew that new discoveries would have "consequences" and that people would turn against him.
"The novelty of these things, as well as some consequences which followed from them in contradiction to the physical notions ... as if I had placed
these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature and overturn the sciences."
Being accused of heresy and his ideas said to be dangerous deviations from the church he had to defend himself from opposition. (C/S 436) He
once proclaimed "the bible teaches us how to get to heaven, not know how heaven goes" in his defense. (C/S, 438) This document shows the sort
of plea that Galileo gives to the Duchess in hope of some kind of sympathy and to prove that his new concepts are not being accepted and also that
he's being accused for the wrong reasons. And he could also be trying to impress her in way, like in the first sentence he writes, "Some years ago, as
Your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in

Tycho Brahe's Accomplishments
Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton were the four other major contributors to current cosmology. Brahe came from an
old and noble family with Dutch and Swedish backgrounds. His privileged upbringing and scholarly promise allowed him to enter the University of
Copenhagen at the age of 13. Brahe's education and secret fascination with astronomy led him to carry on the work of Copernicus. Brahe set out and
was determined to build the finest astronomical instruments that he could. Brahe's ambition was recognized by his uncle whom outfitted young Brahe
with a lab to study the stars. Brahe's multicounty educated solidified his passion for shared knowledge and collaboration, so he invited other to study
with him. He published his astronomical findings, with those that could not join him, through his own printing press and training and educated
astronomer from all of the European continent. Brahe was credited... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Johannes Kepler was a mathematician as well as a student and colleague of Tycho Brahe. Kepler went to work alongside Brahe in 1600 in Prague.
Kepler was assigned the task of investigating the orbit of Mars. Due to his thorough understanding of the Copernican concept of planetary motion,
Kepler was able to prove that Mars had a circular orbit around the sun. Upon Brahe's death, Kepler assumed the position of Imperial Mathematician in
1604. With Brahe's observations and his own skills, he published Astonomia Nova, translated from French to mean New Astronomy, in 1609, this was
the rebirth of the heliocentric view of the universe (Barecca, 2011). Johannes Kepler's work produced several lasting laws that supported his
heliocentric viewpoint: the Law of Ellipses, the Law of Equal Areas, and the Law of Harmonies, which is commonly referred to as Kepler's Law of
Planetary

The Importance Of Science And Science

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