2. ADRENAL GLAND
Identifying feature
1. Capsule
2. Cortex
Zona glomerulosa-inverted U shaped
cells
Zona fasiculata-cells arranged in straigt
columns
Zona reticularis- cords of cells forms a
network
3. Medulla
Groups of cells separated by sinusoids
Sympathetic neurons are also present
3. APPENDIX
Narrowest part of GIT
1. Mucosa-simple columnar
epithelium with goblet cells
@ Lamina propria- scatterd
lymphocytes with aggregated
nodules (may extending to next
layer)
1. Submucosa- variable no. of
lymphatic nodules
2. Muscularis externa
3. Serosa
Longitudinal muscle coat is complete
and taenia coli is not present
4. ARTERIOLES
Muscular arteriole can be
distingushed from true artery
-small diameter
-don’t have internal elastic lamina
-Few layers of smooth muscle in their
media
Terminal arteriole
Same layer as that of artery but are
thin in composition
5. L.S BONE
Compact Bone
1. Haversian system- a ring like
osteon
2. Haversian canal
3. Concenteric lamellae around the
canal
4. Lacunae- spaces in between the
lamellae
5. Canaliculi- radiate from lacunae ,
contain cytoplasmic process of
osteocytes
6. Interstistial lamellae
7. Circumferential lamellae
8. volkmann’s canal- interconnecting
adjacent haversian canal
6. CEREBELLUM
Section shows leaf like folia
Cortex is covered by pia matter ,blood
vessles are present beneath the pia
matter
Outer grey matter- 3 layers from out to
in
1. Molecular layer-few nuclei and
appears pale
2. Purkinje cell layer- single layer of
big flasked shaped pink neurons
3. Granular layer-dark blue and
pressence of abundant nuclei
White matter- axons as pink fibers
Nuclei of neuroglia is present in both
grey and white mtter
7. DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
1.Pseudounipolar neuron
2.Nerve fibre
3.Satellite cells
*Each neuron has a vesicular nucleus
with prominent nucleolus
*The neuron is surrounded by ringof
satellite cells
11. FIBROCARTILAGE
-Collagen fibres
-Row of chondrocyte present between
them
*chondrocyte are rounded in cartilage
but fibrocyte are flattend in tendon
* Perichondrium absent
1.Chondrocyte
2.Ground tissue with collagen fibres
12. GALL BLADDER
1.Mucosa
-columnar cell with striated border
-highly folded like villi
2.Lamina propria
-Crypts may b found
3.Fibromuscular coat
4.Serosa
*ABSENT STRUCTURE
-villi
-goblet cells
-sbmucosa
-proper muscularis externa
13. HYALINE CARTILAGE
1.Chondrocyte
2.Cell nest
-isogenous group of chondrocyte
3.Homogenous basophilic matrix
-tentorial matrix
-inter tentorial matrix
4.Perichondrium
-outer fibrous
-inner cellular
*chondrocyte increase in size from
periphery to center
14. KIDNEY
1.Capsule
2.Cortex
+Renal corpuscle (various shape
circular )
+PCT[more in number]
-dark pink stained
-lumen small
-cuboidal epithelium with brush
border
+DCT
-lighter stained
-simple cuboidal epithelium
3.Medulla
-collecting duct+henle loop
[light stained elongated extend into
cortex form medullary rays]
Duct lined by simple cuboidal but loop
lined by squamous epithelium
4.Blood vessels
15. LARGE VEIN
1.Tunica intima
2.Tunica media
-large ammount of collagen
-less muscle and elastic fibres
3.Tunica adventitia
-thicker then media
-in large vein it also contains
considerable musle and ekastic fibres
to provide elasticity
*wall can be compressed easily
16. LYMPH NODE
1.Capsule[sends in trabeculae]
2.Subcapsular space
3.Cortex
-germinal center light stained
-zone of dense lymphocytes
4.Medulla
-lymphocytes are arranged in the form
of anastomosing cords
30. SPLEEN
1.Capsule sends trabeculae
2.Red pulp
-diffusely distributed lymphocyte
-numerous sinusoids
3.White pulp
-dense aggregation of lymphocyte
-arranged in cords surrounding
arteriole
4.Cord [ resemble lymphatic nodule of
lymph node except it has an arteriole]
-grminal center
-zone of densly packed lymphocyte
31. PYLORUS
1.Mucosa
-gastric pits occupy 2/3 of mucosa
-columnar epithelium
2.Lamina propria
-pyloric gland [lined by mucous
secreting cells
3.Muscularis mucosae
4.Submucosa
5.Muscularis externa
*villi seen are not villi these are absent
32. T.S OF PERIPHERAL NERVE
1.Perineurium
-holds the nerve fibre bundle
2.Endoneurium
-connective tissue arround individual
fibre
3.Myelin sheath
34. THICK SKIN
1.Keratin
2.Epidermis [stratified squamous]
-stratum corneum is very thick
-stratum lucidum
-stratum granulosum
-stratum spinosum
-stratum basale
3.Dermis
-sweat gland are present
*hair follicle and sebaceous glands are
absent
4.Adipocyte
*present at sole and palm
35. THIN SKIN
1.Keratin
2.Epidermis [stratum corneum is thin ]
-keratinised squamous epithelium
3.Dermis
-sebaceous gland
-hair follicle
-sweat gland
-arrecter pili
*all are present in dermis
4.Adipose tissue
36. THYMUS
1.Lobule [sperated by connective
tissue]
2.Cortex
-darkly stained
-densely packed lymphocyte
3.Medulla
-lightly stained
-lymphocyte are diffuse
-continuous with other lobule
-HASSALL”S CORPUSCLE [rounded pink
stained masses
37. THYROID
1.Follicle lined by cuboidal epithelium
2.Pink stained colloidal material
-contain thyroglobulin
3.Parofollicular cells
-attached with follicle
4.Connective tissue with blood vessels
and parafolicular cells
46. ILEUM
1.Columnar epithelium mucosa
-goblet cells
2.Lamina propria
-peyer “s patches[lymphatic
aggregation
3.Muscularis mucosae
4.Submucosa
5.Muscularis externa
6.Serosa
7.Crypts of lieberkuhn
*villi are absent over peyer patches
47. LARGE INTESTINE
1.Mucosa
-columnar epithelium
-crypts with goblet cells
-lamina propria with lymphatic nodule
-muscularis mucosae
2.Submucosa
3.Muscularis externa
-inner circular
*outer longitudinal in the form of
TAENIA COLI
4.Serosa
*ABSENCE OF VILLI
48. LIVER
1.LOBULE
-central vein [small rounded space in
center
-radiating cords of hepatocytes
2.Portal triad
-branch of portal vein
-branch of hepatic artery
-interlobular duct
•Cords are seprated by sinusoids
•Sinusoids are lined by endothelium
and KUPFFER’S CELLS
49. LUNGS
1.Pleura
-mesothelium resting on connective
tissue
2.Intrapulmonary bronchus
-pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium
-goblet cells
-smmoth muscle
-cartilage
-glands
3.Bronchiole
-line by cuboidal and columnar
4.Respiratory bronchiole
5.Alveolar duct
6.Atrium
7.Glands
8.Alveoli
-honey comb like appearance
