Running Head: COGNITION FINAL 10 Please note that your paper should have a running head and page numbers. Title: Cognition Final Comment by Wendy Nickerson: What is the actual title/topic of your paper? Laura Utgard Cal Southern University May. 2018 Laura, please see my comments on your paper below. I will need you to revise and resubmit your paper as it is presently not written and organized up to graduate level writing. Many sentences are not complete and do not flow or have significant meaning. In addition, there are numerous errors in spelling/spacing/grammar. Please check with your APA manual to see how to properly set up your title page, abstract page and reference page. Please let me know if you have any questions. I am here to help you. P.S. I have highlighted in yellow some of your key points. Dr. Nickerson Cognitive, Emotional and Motivatioinal Dysfunctions in Mental Illness? Cognition Final Abstract?Summary The following paper outlines a research dialogue which emphasizes the present state of the understanding we have regarding the cognitive, emotional as well as motivational dysfunctions in relation to mental illness. The research is going to focus on the influences, relations to, and even the impact the mental illness has on motivational, emotional as well as stress. The major focus in the research discussion will be the critical essentialness of the motivational process as well as the possible influence it may have on the cognitive function as well as learning in mental illness. The members of my research group provided several questions which would assist us in conducting a deep research about the motivation process. The questions included; the measurements as well as the definition of the diverse motivation components. The second question will focus on the connection between incentive drive, intrinsic motivation as well as the hedonic processing. The third question will focus on the integrity of the motivational process, the hedonic process as well as the incentive drive in mental illness. The fourth questions will focus on the influence that the cognitive shortfalls have on the motivational disorder in mental illness. The fifth question will focus on the control of the antipsychotic treatment on the incentive drive as well as the hedonic processing of the mental illness. Lastly, the sixth question which was raised would focus on the relationship between the cognitive function, the aversive stimuli process as well as stress. This is a robust number of questions to answer in a paper this length. It may have been better and easier on you to stick to one or two questions and answer each in more detail. Just a thought. Introduction Following the new processes which have been based on the having an adequate understanding of the breadth as well as the nature of the cognitive dysfunction in mental illness to be able to aid the establishment of medication which will surely become better in disablin ...

1. Running Head: COGNITION FINAL 10
Please note that your paper should have a running head and
page numbers.
Title: Cognition Final Comment by Wendy Nickerson: What
is the actual title/topic of your paper?
Laura Utgard
Cal Southern University
May. 2018
Laura, please see my comments on your paper below. I will
need you to revise and resubmit your paper as it is presently not
written and organized up to graduate level writing. Many
sentences are not complete and do not flow or have significant
meaning. In addition, there are numerous errors in
spelling/spacing/grammar. Please check with your APA manual
to see how to properly set up your title page, abstract page and
reference page. Please let me know if you have any questions.
I am here to help you.
P.S. I have highlighted in yellow some of your key points.
Dr. Nickerson
Cognitive, Emotional and Motivatioinal Dysfunctions in Mental
Illness? Cognition Final
Abstract?Summary

2. The following paper outlines a research dialogue which
emphasizes the present state of the understanding we have
regarding the cognitive, emotional as well as motivational
dysfunctions in relation to mental illness. The research is going
to focus on the influences, relations to, and even the impact the
mental illness has on motivational, emotional as well as stress.
The major focus in the research discussion will be the critical
essentialness of the motivational process as well as the possible
influence it may have on the cognitive function as well as
learning in mental illness. The members of my research group
provided several questions which would assist us in conducting
a deep research about the motivation process. The questions
included; the measurements as well as the definition of the
diverse motivation components. The second question will focus
on the connection between incentive drive, intrinsic motivation
as well as the hedonic processing. The third question will focus
on the integrity of the motivational process, the hedonic process
as well as the incentive drive in mental illness. The fourth
questions will focus on the influence that the cognitive
shortfalls have on the motivational disorder in mental illness.
The fifth question will focus on the control of the antipsychotic
treatment on the incentive drive as well as the hedonic
processing of the mental illness. Lastly, the sixth question
which was raised would focus on the relationship between the
cognitive function, the aversive stimuli process as well as
stress. This is a robust number of questions to answer in a
paper this length. It may have been better and easier on you to
stick to one or two questions and answer each in more detail.
Just a thought.
Introduction
Following the new processes which have been based on the
having an adequate understanding of the breadth as well as the
nature of the cognitive dysfunction in mental illness to be able

3. to aid the establishment of medication which will surely become
better in disabling the aspect of mental illness. By doing so
part of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve
Cognition in Schizophrenia has obtained from the large research
body which is focused on providing an understanding of the
sensory bases of the particular cognitive activities in human and
the animal models and research on the nature as well as the
nervous system biology of the cognitive social impairment in
persons suffering from mental illness. Research’s main purpose
in this paper is to describe the different ways in which the
cognitive social impairment in mental illness are connected to,
controlled by, and even the impact the mental illness has on
motivational, emotional as well as stress areas. A health
practitioner who has interacted with patients suffering from
mental illness may be aware that cognitive dysfunction may be
out-standing; the patients may also show a host of the emotional
as well as the motivational deficits. The shortfalls may include
the inappropriate effect, less motivation of achieving, social
withdrawal as well as the minimal ability to experience
pleasure. Based on the historical findings, works related to
cognitive as well as emotional function in mental illness has
turned out to be a parallel process with researchers focusing on
either a single domain or the other. But with most of the recent
research works, there has been an exploration of the essential
interaction among the cognition as well as the emotion in
mental illness. Comment by Wendy Nickerson: Please note that
this is a long sentence, however not a complete sentence as it
does not produce a complete thought.
The main theme of the discussion in this research is
emphasized on the significance of understanding the principle
of the motivational process in mental illness (Wang, 2008). The
major reason for this priority is the possible interest that
several features of the cognitive social impairment of the
mental illness may be secondary to the natural deficiency of
motivation that distances all the features of a person’s growth
or to more particular motivational shortfalls which are related

4. with basic motivation to perform better on cognitive
undertaking which are abstracted. The study of cognition
activities on strong persons it often focuses on the presumption
that individuals are motivated in a particular way hence
performing better on cognitive tasks may be because they are
driven by the intrinsic motivation to perform better or due to
the external support that is given by money or even praise. The
above assumptions may not be true for a patient suffering from
mental illness because the illness impairs either the
responsively towards extrinsic supporters or intrinsic
motivational. If that’s the case it would be asserted that poor
cognitive task performance would reflect the lack of motivation
or engagement to perform better rather than the inherent
toughness with the psychological process drawn by the
undertaking. Depending on this theory studies have portrayed
that conducting cognitive undertakings like the Wisconsin Card
Sorting Task, facial impact perception as well as the Span of
Apprehension may be improved through the utilization of
monetary incentives. Also, several other researchers have not
proved that monetary support mainly uplifts the cognitive
undertaking performance between patients who are suffering
from mental illness as well as the same researchers portray
improvement because of the monetary support do not inevitably
portray a complete bettering of the cognitive social impairment.
Hence the main role the motivational process plays in an
impaired cognitive undertaking performance in mental illness is
still not clear. Comment by Wendy Nickerson: This segment
needs to be reworded as it does not flow easily and is difficult
to read and understand.
In addition, if research may firmly explain some of the
proportions related to cognitive impairment in mental illness, it
is because of the motivational factors and as there researchers
we are required to understand how the motivation may interact
with the influence of cognition based on social as well as
occupational activities that are related to mental illness. It also
may be naturally easy to understand how minimal motivation

5. may lead to poor accomplishment on the experimental cognitive
undertakings in the laboratory setting which may have no basic
importance or any relationship to life activity (Fussell, 2012).
Also, the motivational factors may contribute to influencing the
connection between the cognitive activity as well as the social
or occupational activities. The possibilities are that the
motivational shortfalls are the “third” changeable factors which
may lead to a counterfeit connection between the two. It means
that motivational shortfall between people with mental illness
may contribute to the poor accomplishment of the cognitive
undertakings in the laboratory as well as failing to engage in
life activities which are needed live as well as work
independently. Comment by Wendy Nickerson: I am not sure
what you are saying here? How could you say it more simply?
Comment by Wendy Nickerson: Are you meaning that they
may not be motivated to try hard on laboratory testing?
Another essential reason for focusing on understanding the
motivation between the research team members the way learning
may influence by the motivation or support in mental illness.
People apparently learn from the mistakes they make either
when performing cognitive tasks or when they are in real life
scenario due to the intrinsic motivation they are able to conduct
tasks excellently or due to the motivation provided more stable
support for unseen successful performance (Neeraja, 2011).
Also, motivational shortfalls may contribute leading the
individuals with mental illness to tend to react differently to
errors or they are not able to learn from their setbacks and this
is some of the problems that may contribute to significant
disability in both the real-life situation as well as the laboratory
setting. More research work is required to provide a clear
understanding of how the control of motivational factors on
learning in mental illness in both the real-life situation as well
as the laboratory setting.
Primary study on motivation
To be able to better understand the motivational function
in mental illness the research members were able to identify

6. several questions which were not answered and they needed to
be addressed as well as areas that need to be researched further.
The first significant question is defining the true meaning of
motivation as well as how it may be differentiated from other
connected constructs like effort. Both, as well as behavioral
neuroscience, hold a vast information regarding the research
history of motivational aspects by emphasizing the significance
of the motivational factors as the variable sources of behavior.
Hence providing the reason why behavior may appear to be
adaptable as well as flexible when an individual is presented
with different situations as well as the reason why supposedly
particular behavior may be changed (Elsevier, 2011). Most of
the research which is conducted on motivation in the behavioral
neuroscience literature focuses on the concept of homeostatic
drives or the idea that organisms are driven to maintain a
concrete internal state following the variables like hunger, thirst
or even other added behaviors. Motivation influence in regards
to the deficits in the systems, for example, dehydration, hunger
or the low blood glucose which contributes to the system
designing behaviors which will assist it in returning to its
normal state or stable state. For example, it may be suggested
that motivation may comprise both the appetitive as well as
absolute phases. The appetitive stage refers to the indication
signal of the possible availability of the “desired” stimulus and
the means or the instrumental conduct which is utilized to the
progression of achieving the set goal. Humans, as well as the
animal, may be motivated to attaining stimuli which contribute
to the support of some of their senses even if the stimuli does
not primarily serve to fix some of the internal shortfall states.
In this kind of motivation concentrates on the incentive drive or
the appetite approach concept of motivation. Several views
regarding motivation can be easy to implement as well as
understanding the motivational control on the cognitive function
as well as the social function compared to the homeostatic
views (Kleinberg, 2011). Most of these drives control our daily
conducts which are related to the basic needs we require water

7. as well as food. Also, the attainment motivation, desires or the
interpersonal are important because they are also retrieved from
our basic needs motivation. Comment by Wendy Nickerson:
I’m not sure what this means. Comment by Wendy Nickerson:
How is this related to motivation in mental illness?
It is essential to note that there is a quite rich fundamental
behavioral science literature regarding motivational process
which also has a lot to provide when it comes to attempting to
understand the interrelationship among the motivation as well
as the cognitive activity in mental illness (Sharan, 2008). Based
on previous researches conducted earlier are highly informative
in regards to the way expectations regarding the results are
responsible for influencing the decisions as well as the
decisions that every patient suffering from mental illness make
in regards to the potential loaded down results and the kinds of
individual diversity variable which may be essential to consider
when one tries to understand the motor function in the mental
illness patients. Comment by Wendy Nickerson: This
sentence requires rewording. I am not sure exactly what you
are meaning?
Motivation in Mental illness
Even though we may fully understand the psychological
as well as the neural mechanisms which are responsible for
supporting all the kinds of motivational as well as incentives
which drive the healthy individuals, the research members
provided a suggestion that much needed to be learned regarding
the activity of these regimes in persons with mental illness. At
the primary level, more work needs to be done so as to respond
towards the reward as well as the punishment for mental illness
in both neuropsychological as well as the behavioral terms. As
noted on the on the earlier research hypothesis several of them
hypothesizes the duty of either intervening responses so s to
reward themselves or in learning so s to be able to predict the
rewards or be able to learn from the feedback of their mistakes
(Strauss, 2012). The sources of shortfalls may not be clear nor
there are several aspects of the fundamental reward or the

8. appetitive drive converting in mental illness. Several different
kinds of abnormalities may influence such shortfalls when it
comes to rewarding or even processing of error as well as
diverse mechanisms which may point different treatment
direction. For instance, it may not be clear whether the people
with mental illness may have flawless responses to the
fundamental supporter such as food, smells or water in either
brain terms of or the conduct function. The nNot being able to
experience pleasure for a very long period of time has been
considered as the main symptom of mental illness. An
individual may view anhedonia as an evidence for the minimal
response to rewarding or the pleasure stimuli.
Also, it is not clear whether the responses to the secondary
supporter which may also serve as a prediction to the basic
reward may be perfect in mental illness. In other conflicting
areas evidence in this situation at one research study provided a
suggestion of perfect responses towards the monetary reward as
well as the punishment of the gambling undertaking and another
study showed an impaired performance.
Measurement issues
Additionally, to be able to focus on understanding the
primary motivation mechanism, processing of the reward as
well as the incentive drive in both the individuals suffering
from mental illness as well as the individuals with normal
healthy mental state, the research members believed that more
research work needed to be conducted in regards to the
measurement issues. If the motivational factors are having a
critical control over cognition in mental illness cases then it
might be essential to have adequate, valid as well as practical
motivational measures. One may measure a motivational
conduct, with the sense of auditing when a particular organism
works towards the reputed desirable goals (Wosnitza, 2009).
Also, such an approach of measuring motivation may be
consuming time as well as the possible confused by the
cognitive shortfalls themselves. The increase of our ability to
be able to predict the life activities from the cognitive

9. performance of establishing undertakings which may be using
stimuli that is more tapped into the type of noticeable
information which people need to alter in the daily lives. Also,
there is the growing body of task on the utilization of such
works in the social cognitive neuroscience literature as well as
mental illness researchers may need to adopt such examples for
tasks in clinical populations.
Cognitive control on motivation
The team members of research groups also provided a
suggestion that it was essential to audit the potential of a
diverse kind of relationship among the cognition as well as
motivation, namely the potential that cognitive shortfalls in
mental illness which may contribute to motivational shortfalls
in mental illness or alternatively of motivational shortfalls
which may lead to the appearance of the cognitive shortfall.
Following the past research also show that people with mental
illness may have the shortfall in tasking memory or the ability
to sincerely maintain the information over time. If motivation
may be dependable to a segment on the ability to sincerely
represent as well sustain information regarding the anticipated
rewards thus shortfalls in the ability to maintain such
representations which may contribute to the anticipatory or
motivational pleasure shortfalls. In this kind of hypothesis, it is
consistent with recent tasks on the neural regimes providing
support to emotional regulation.
Possible Medication Control
In another theme of research discussion, the research
group needed to be able to understand the possible negative
impacts that the treatment for the mental illness may contribute
on incentive drive, motivation as well as responding to rewards.
Most of the medications that are used as basic treatments for
mental illness may have control of the dopamine system where
most of them are responsible for serving the dopamine receptor
kind. Focusing on the possibility thus medications which are
used for treating the symptoms of mental illness which may
contribute to motivational disturbances or minimal responses to

10. the pleasurable stimuli.
Aspects of Emotional processing and stress
The main parts of this paper are focused on the additional
researchers that are required so as to understand the relationship
between incentive drive, cognitive activity as well as motivation
in mental illness. However, the research group also outlined the
required additional research to other related categories such as
the relationship which is cognitive activity as well as stress in
mental illness and other related consideration of emotional
processing like the aversive stimuli.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the outcome of the research discussion may
provide a suggestion for many fields that may be requiring
additional attention as well as research in regards to both the
clinical as well as basic science to what?. The research
discussion first provided suggestions that explained that why
more work was required to be able to understand the
psychological as well as the neural mechanisms that supported
the motivational drives for goals set or the stimuli that are not
necessarily the basic supporters and well as to understand the
mechanisms that reinforced the intrinsic motivational process.
Another suggestion that was provided by the research team was
that much more research work was required to be able to deeply
understand the activity of the range of incentive motivation as
well as the hedonic processes in mental illness. Thirdly the
research group provided a suggestion regarding the additional
attention which was the issues of measurement to be in a better
position to use the tools which will allow reliable, practical as
well as valid evaluation of the motivation and the ecological
valid evaluations of the cognitive activity. The fourth
suggestion that the research team provided was the additional
research regarding the mental illness treatment which may
contribute to shortfalls in the motivation or any other related
aspect regarding the hedonic or the incentive processing. Also,
we noted that similar research was required to be able to
understand the possible influences of the constructs which are

11. related such as stress.
References
Comment by Wendy Nickerson: Please note that it is not
clear whether some of your resources are books or articles or
websites. Please consult your APA manual to determine how to
properly provide references on your reference page.
Elsevier. (2011). Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience.
Elsevier.
Fussell, S. R. (2012). Social and Cognitive Approaches to
Interpersonal Communication. Psychology Press.
Kleinberg, J. L. (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of
Group Psychotherapy . Wiley.com.
Neeraja, K. (2011). Textbook of Communication and Education
Technology for Nurses. JP Medical Ltd.
Sharan, S. (2008). Organizing Schools for Productive Learning.
Springer shop.
Strauss, J. (2012). The Self: Interdisciplinary Approaches.
Springer shop.
Wang. (2008). Novel Approaches in Cognitive Informatics and
Natural Intelligence. IGI Global.
Wosnitza, M. (2009). Contemporary Motivation Research.
Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.