Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docx

Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or
Trauma
Melvin Coe
Capella University
Professor Theresa Crawford
Research Foundation of History Systems in Psych
June 7, 2020
Running Head: APPLICATION OF THE COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY 1
APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
2
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or
Trauma
Introduction
In the present times, the number of people suffering from
mental challenges has been on the rise. It is a time that demands
psychologists to have better and effective scientific methods
that would help them handle the different psychological issues
being brought to their attention. Cognitive psychology is one of
the scientific methods that can be used by psychologists to
study the mind as an information processor. Using the method,
psychologists are able to develop cognitive theories and models
that would align and seems applicable in individual cases they
are handling for instance, how one perceives, understands,
remembers, attentiveness, makes use of language and is
conscious of things.
The principal goals of clinical psychology are to generate
knowledge based on scientifically valid evidence and to apply
this knowledge to the optimal improvement of mental and
behavioral health (Baker, McFall, Shoham, 2008). The values,
principles, and methods of cognitive psychology and
psychodynamic psychotherapy are anticipated to be utilized in
an investigation which replaces maladaptive behaviors. The

interest in the study is centered around increasing social
response while decreasing maladaptive behaviors by utilizing
differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors. Differential
reinforcement of alternative behaviors is a procedure that
reduces a problematic behavior by reinforcing an appropriate
alternative behavior that serves the same function.
Research topic (Cognitive Psychology in the influences of
patient with trauma or mental illness)
The research paper revolves around understanding how
cognitive psychology influences patients with trauma and
mental illness. It is evident that cognitive psychology revolves
around the study of the process within the brain and they vary
from learning, perception, attention, memory, thinking,
language, attention and problem-solving (Maslow, 1943). The
mental illness and trauma are a result of some of the brain
processes thus with embracing the school of cognitive
psychology it is easier to understand and comprehend the
potential solutions. The problem of mental illness has become
complaisant in the current era and with the limited resources
and technology in the past made it a challenge to contain it but
the advancement in field of psychology has made it easier to
find solutions to the problem. There is no specific treatment for
trauma or mental illness in this era of medical advancement and
technology but cognitive psychology is making it easier to help
understand how the patients can cope with their mental issues
because it helps understand the potential causes which then
becomes easier to find the best solution.
Reason for topic (Cognitive Psychology in the influences of
patient with trauma or mental illness)
Mental illness is a major problem in the society and there
is no specific treatment method that makes it a major issue in
the society. The society has managed to succeed at conquering
medical marvels in the current decade because of the technology
invested in the field of research and medicine but it is failing at
mental illness. Most people with mental illness go their entire
lives without proper comprehension of their problems and thus

it is difficult to live with such uncertainties. Cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance use disorders has
demonstrated efficacy as both a monotherapy and as part of
combination treatment strategies (McHugh, Hearon, & Otto,
2010). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic
psychotherapy are the most frequently applied methods of
psychotherapy in clinical practice while psychology is the
scientific study of behaviours and mental processes and the
application of scientific research to help people, organizations,
and communities function better (Leichsenring, Hiller,
Weissberg, & Leibing, 2006).
As a clinical specialist, I find cognitive psychology to be better
aligned to my specialization when dealing with trauma. The
application of cognitive psychology in the treatment of
individuals who deal with mental illness can help understand
how it might influence the mental illness make it easier to
increase not only my understanding but it can help pave the way
for others who want to conduct research on the subject. The
move makes it important and essential because it will help
improve the handle on the medicine and how it is making the
changes that would see the sourcing of the best medical
alternative. The research will involve the understanding of the
cognitive psychology and what it entails and affects people’s
lives. The research will then help prove how the mental illness
or trauma relate to the brain and where the connection with
psychology emanates from and thus help come up with the best
solution towards the health problem.
Preliminary thoughts on Cognitive Psychology
Problem with the study of cognitive psychology in patients
with mental illness or trauma or issue involved some
limitations. Especially when it comes to nature versus nurture.
The limitations of cognitive psychology come into play when
trying to manage a certain behavior. Where there is no reaction
there is no external stimuli. Since the control holds that there
can be no response without outer upgrades, it will in general
proffer summed up arrangements. This is tricky in light of the

fact that a summed-up arrangement may not inspire a similar
response or conduct from all individuals. Most of the mental
illnesses end up with some medical diagnosis that provide
medication just to help the patients calm down and then control
their behavior which is not a treatment but a measure to help
overcome the problem for a short duration.
Patients with mental illness tend to lose their memories and, in
some cases, might end up becoming violent, placing themselves
in danger and others and losing total control over their actions
which is not appropriate. Most of the patients only receive
drugs that help them become mild and go to sleep staying lucid
through the entire experience with the hope that they can break
through the situation. In other measures, some specialists
prescribe counselling as a solution to the problems whereby
there is no specific attention or approach towards the mental
illness. The mental illness problems have no specific cure that
makes it a threat because most of the patients that have endured
some of the worst experiences tend to fail to return to normalcy
because there are no better measures on how to overcome the
problem. The fact that there are limited treatment methods in
place makes it a threat to the society especially with the
increasing cases of trauma, depression and mental illnesses that
require attention or else people will never go back to their
actual selves.
Philosophical & Applied elements of Cognitive Psychology
The philosophical concepts of the cognitive psychology
involve the concept of human cognition and internal mental
processes. The principle tries to relate and breakdown the
research into scientific methods and the specialization of the
various mental processes and how they execute the processes. It
is evident that the exploration of the principles within the
philosophical standards makes it a challenge and help improve
the way that they function (Pavlov, 2010). It is important to
find the process such as perception or memory that has the
problem and then focus on how to improve the treatment
process. The variations in the schools of thought makes it easier

to comprehend the source of the problem that will then help
improve on the performance and help increase the grasp and
understanding of the problem. The cognitive school of thought
is a recent study among the other schools of thought but is has
become the most common because psychologists now have the
proper equipment to help deal with the mental health issues.
References
Antoni, M. H., Lutgendorf, S. K., Blomberg, B., Carver, C. S.,
Lechner, S., Diaz, A., ... & Cole, S. W. (2012). Cognitive-
behavioral stress management reverses anxiety-related
leukocyte transcriptional dynamics. Biological
psychiatry, 71(4), 366-372.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.007
Baker, T. B., McFall, R. M., & Shoham, V. (2008). Current
Status and Future Prospects of Clinical Psychology: Toward a
Scientifically Principled Approach to Mental and Behavioral
Health Care. Psychological science in the public interest : a
journal of the American Psychological Society, 9(2), 67–103.
doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01036.xCooper, J. O., Heron, T.
E., & Heward, W. L. (2019). Applied behavior analysis.
Hoboken, NJ: Pearson. Freud, S. (1910). The origin and
development of psychoanalysis. The American Journal of
Psychology,21(2), 181-218. doi:10.2307/1413001.
Hebb, D. O. (1955). Drives and the C. N. S. (conceptual nervous
system). Psychological Review, 62(4), 243–
254. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041823Leichsenring, F., Hiller,
W., Weissberg, M., & Leibing, E. (2006). Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapy and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Techniques,
Efficacy, and Indications. American Journal of Psychotherapy,
60(3), 233–259.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human
motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–
396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010).
Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. The

Psychiatric clinics of North America, 33(3), 511–525.
doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.012
Pavlov P. I. (2010). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of
the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Annals of
neurosciences, 17(3), 136–141.
https://doi.org/10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017309
Rogers's 1946 article, "Significant aspects of client-centered
therapy." American Psychologist. 1(10), 415–422.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0060866
Schuckit, M. A. (2016). Treatment of opioid-use disorders. New
England Journal of Medicine, 375(4), 357-368.
Skinner, B. F. (1950). Are theories of learning
necessary? Psychological Review, 57(4), 193–
216. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054367
Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views
it. Psychological Review, 20(2), 158–
177. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074428
CASE STUDY 2.1: W. L. Gore and Associates
He was ready for anything—or so he thought. Dressed in his
finest and armed with an MBA degree fresh off the press, Jack
Dougherty walked in for his first day of work at Newark,
Delaware–based W. L. Gore and Associates, the global
fluoropolymer technology and manufacturing giant that is best
known as the maker of Gore-Tex.
But it turned out he wasn’t ready for this: “Why don’t you look
around and find something you’d like to do,” founder and CEO
Bill Gore said to him after a quick introduction. Although many
things have changed over the course of W. L. Gore and
Associates’ 50+ years in business, the late Gore stuck to his
principles regarding organizational structure (or lack thereof), a
legacy he passed down to subsequent generations of
management. Gore wasn’t fond of thick layers of formal
management, which he believed smothered individual creativity.
According to Gore, “A lattice (flat) organization is one that
involves direct transactions, self-commitment, natural

leadership, and lacks assigned or assumed authority.”
In the 1930s, Gore received a bachelor’s degree in chemical
engineering and a master’s degree in physical chemistry. During
his career, he worked on a team to develop applications for
polytetraflurothylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon.
Through this experience, Gore discovered a sense of excited
commitment, personal fulfillment, and self-direction, which he
yearned to share with others. Spending nights tinkering in his
own workshop, he did what he had previously thought to be
impossible: he created a PTFE-coated ribbon cable. It occurred
to Gore that he might be able to start his own business
producing his invention, so he left his stable career of 17 years,
borrowed money, and drained his savings. Though his friends
advised him against taking such a risk, W. L. Gore and
Associates was born in January 1958. The basement of
the Gore home was the company’s first facility.
Although no longer operating from a family basement
(Gore boasts more than $3 billion in annual sales and 9,000
employees in more than 45 facilities worldwide), the sense of
informality has stuck. “It absolutely is less efficient upfront,”
said Terri Kelly, chief executive of W. L. Gore. (Her title is one
of the few at the company.) “[But] once you have the
organization behind it . . . the buy-in and the execution happens
quickly,” she added.
Structure and Management of Unstructure and Unmanagement
Even as Gore started to grow, the company continued to resist
titles and hierarchy. It had no mission statement, no ethics
statement, and no conventional structures typical of companies
of the same size. The only formal titles were “chief executive”
and “secretary-treasurer”—those required by law for
corporations. There were also no rules that business units within
the company couldn’t create such structures, and so some of
them did create their own mission statements and such. Many
called Gore’s management style “unmanagement.” What had
started as 12 employees working in the Gore basement
eventually evolved into a thriving company by the 1960s, with

multiple plants.
There were 200 employees working at a plant in Newark,
Delaware. One day, Gore was walking around the plant, and it
occurred to him that he didn’t know all the employees there.
Based on this realization, Gore established a policy that said no
plant was to be larger than 150 to 200 workers per plant, to
keep things more intimate and interpersonal. He wanted to “get
big while staying small.”
Understanding and Leveraging Differences
With a global recession on the horizon in 2007, the company
prepared for tough times by hunkering down, self-assessing, and
embarking on a journey of self-improvement. A diversity
leadership program was developed that focused on Gore’s most
important asset: people. The Gore team sought to understand
“when, why, if, and how differences affect relationships,
because the quality of relationships [among employees] has a
lot to do with how well our business performs,” adding that
improving relationships [could] “decrease reactivity; increase
professional capacity; and [help associates] learn about self
while helping to make a more cohesive, diverse, and cross-
discipline system.” Intense analysis and discussion led to bold
change:
Workshops, lunch and learn sessions and other programs help
promote a more inclusive environment and encourage associates
to listen to and learn from each other on a regular basis.… [We
created] space for self-exploration, learning from differences
dialogues; meeting with enterprise diversity affinity groups;
monthly 15 engagement survey; building space in global
business meetings to talk about individual belief systems and
the connection to enterprise belief systems; proactively ensuring
that learning from difference dialogues are built into global and
local business meetings; and once a year, teams form to create
and raffle off diversity baskets, filled with items that celebrate
their culture, ethnicity, religion, etc. In addition, these teams
speak at plant meetings about the items and traditions
represented in their baskets.

As the objectives were set into motion, monthly and annual
employee survey results began to reflect increased satisfaction.
People Helping People
As the company grew, Gore also realized that there had to be
some kind of system in place to assist new people on the job
and to track progress. Instead of a formal management
program, Gore implemented a “sponsor” program. When people
applied for jobs with the company, they were screened and then
interviewed by associates. An associate who took a personal
interest in the new associate’s contributions, problems, and
goals would agree to act as a mentor, or sponsor. The new hire’s
sponsor would coach and advocate for him, tracking progress,
encouraging the person, and dealing with weaknesses while
focusing on strengths. Sponsors were also responsible for
ensuring that their associates were fairly paid. The result of all
this focus on mentoring and the right-sized teams has cultivated
a feeling of intimacy and appreciation that attracts and retains a
strong workforce.
“You feel like you’re part of a family,” said Steve Shuster, part
of Gore’s enterprise communication team. “I have been working
at Gore for 27 years, and I still get excited coming to work each
day.”
Case Questions
1. How did Bill Gore structure management within his company
and why is this relevant to personality and individual
differences?
2. Explain why the diversity leadership program developed by
W. L. Gore and Associates is a positive way to better
understand and foster individual differences.
3. Describe how the sponsor program developed higher levels of
employee satisfaction as well as maintained the
“unmanagement” culture.
Sources
“About Us,” www.gore.com/en_xx/aboutus/culture/index.html.
Mayhew, Ruth, “Cons of a Lattice Organizational
Structure,” Houston

Chronicle, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/cons-lattice-
organizational-structure-3836.html.
Sacconey Townsend, Gail, and William Aubrey Saunders,
“Cross-Functional Teaming through the Lenses of Differences:
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Case Study,” October 8,
2013; http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.odnetwork.org/resource/re
smgr/2013_education/gailt_aubreys_handout_whitep.pdf.
Shipper, Frank, and Charles C. Manz, “Classic 6: W. L. Gore &
Associates,” www.academia.edu/964711/Classic_Case_6_WL_G
ore_and_Associates_Inc; n.d.
“Workplace Democracy at W.L. Gore &
Associates,” workplacedemocracy.com, July 14,
2009; http://workplacedemocracy.com/2009/07/14/work-place-
democracy-at-w-l-gore-associates.
Self-Assessment 2.1
The application of cognitive psychology in mental illness or
trauma
Melvin Coe
Capella University
Professor Theresa Crawford
Research Foundation of History Systems in Psych
May 30, 2020
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1
Running Head: COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2
The application of cognitive psychology in mental illness or
trauma
Behaviorism
neurosciences, 17(3), 136–141. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017309.
Pavlov gives a perfect approach towards conditioned

reflexes and applies realistic evidence to elucidate the fact.
Reading through the entire article one understands the elements
of conditioned reflexes and how response is associated with
them. He conducts an investigation of the normally
physiological activity that takes places the cerebral cortex. This
plays an important part in pointing out the necessary facts that
needs to be observed throughout the practice. The elaboration of
key facts is giving an important consideration with all the
surrounding evidence that is accurate and reliable. The article is
more educative based on the approach that it applied in
addressing the topic. It played a key part in explaining the
necessary practices that needs to be observed when it comes to
conditioned reflexes. The concepts explained are realistic and
applicable if given the appropriate consideration.
it. Psychological Review, 20(2), 158–177. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074428.
Watson gives a creative approach towards psychology that
enables the reader to gain interest in it. This is based on the fact
that important concepts are involved in the practice and they are
highly elemental to apply and understand in relation to the field
that is being addressed. He explains psychology in the manner
in which the behaviorist views it. It is consequential matter of
concern that involves the application of the correct concepts. In
a psychologist view, creative approaches are given to enable a
reader to understand the behaviorist approaches towards certain
issues within people and the appropriate ways to handle certain
situations. This gives a reliable framework that is important to
understand and apply based on the implication that it has on the
entire process. the aspect comes with the observation of order
and understanding which is highly important for the people to
apply.

psychiatry, 71(4), 366-372. Retrieved from
There have been studies that have identified the relationship
between anxieties with pro-inflammatory transcriptional
profiles in circulating leukocytes. This study, therefore,
examined whether cognitive-behavioral stress management
prevention measures can counteract anxiety-related cases. In the
study, 199 women who were undergoing primary treatment of
breast cancer were randomly selected to act as respondents for
the survey. Statistical tools were used to provide descriptive
statistics of the data obtained to determine whether cognitive-
leukocyte transcriptional dynamics. The result of the study
indicated that patients of breast cancer at the early stages of
intervention through primary treatment are in a position to
reverse anxiety-related up-regulation of pro-inflammatory gene
expression leukocytes. From the study, it is evident that
behavioral intervention has an influence on the physical health
of an individual, which may affect brain effectiveness and
cognitive processes. The data that was obtained from the
selected breastfeeding mothers who were undergoing the first
stage of breast cancer treatment, which is the primary stage,
gives a positive association between cognitive-behavioral with
reverses anxiety.
Neobehaviorism
necessary? Psychological Review, 57(4), 193–216. Retrieved
from https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054367.
Skinner gives a different approach towards learning that
are important to understand and conceptualize. He questions the
theories that are involved in learning which is a different
approach that needs to be understood based on the importance
of the learning process. it is a key fact that involves the
application of various approaches that surrounds the well-being
of certain concepts that involves the interest of the public.

Learning the initiatives plays an important part in giving the
general direction forward and key aspects that are involved in
the general studies. He gives a critical review in the pages that
are important to clearly conceptualize and understand its
general implication to the learning process. Ideally, the
concepts that are explained are focused on pointing out the
weaknesses in the learning processes and the appropriate
actions that needs to be done to put the interest of people at
hand.
Psychoanalysis
Freud, S. (1910). The Origin and Development of
Psychoanalysis. The American Journal of Psychology,21(2),
181-218. Retrieved from https://doi:10.2307/1413001.
Freud gives a detailed explanation that is required to understand
the development and origin of psychoanalysis. This is a critical
aspect that gives a detailed understanding of the entire process
based on the fact that several elements are involved in the
process and it is essential that a clear operational framework is
created in which they could successfully operate. It is a critical
matter that address the key origins and how the practice
emerged. The general description is given abut a detailed
analysis is explained. The manner in which Freud approaches
the concept is a critical matter based on the fact that several
complexities are involved in the entire process. The
development of psychoanalysis needs a general conception that
focuses on the interest of the people in a positive way in regard
to the field that is being addressed.
The article addresses different treatment methods that are
used to treat opioid use disorders. Opioid use disorders are
defined as a repeated occurrence that happens within 12 months
withdrawal where an individual isolate from others and giving
up in life. Opioid withdrawal symptoms can be treated through
detoxification, where the doctor supervises patient withdrawal.
When the doctor manages the patient, there are in a position to

improve their health and be in a position to adapt well in the
rehabilitation program without having a negative side effect.
There are psychological changes that affect patients when they
abruptly withdraw; then, they may suffer from long term
adverse side effects. This is the reason why the withdrawal
should be monitored by the doctor to ensure that those are
undergoing a rehabilitation program. Clonidine can also be used
as medicine to help reduce anxiety. Even if the patient is
undergoing rehabilitation, it is essential to be treated for
permanent change. According to the study, clonidine is the best
medicine since it has a minimal side effect.
Humanistic Psychology
therapy." American Psychologist. 1(10), 415–422. Retrieved
Rogers applies a creative approach that is important to
conceptualize and understand. It is a key factor that is related to
the basic parameters that needs to be applied with respect to the
complicated fields that is involved in the entire process. He
explains of the significant aspect of the client-centered therapy
that played an important part in the field of therapy. The basic
elaborations that he gives are clear and easy to understand
based on the complicated measures involved in the application
of the correct concepts that involves the interest of the people.
It is a critical aspect that is generally addressed through the
observation of order and understanding that is an elemental
aspect that needs to be broadly understood. Ideally, it gives a
clear direction forward on the appropriate measures that are put
in place hen the interest of the client comes in place.
motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. Retrieved
Maslow applied a creative approach in explaining the
theory of motivation. Through it we come to understand the
basic needs of human. It explains the changing character of
humans over time and why it is important that the changes take

place. the hierarchy of needs is a creative approach that he
gives towards the topic. It provides a clear direction forward
and the important approaches that are supposed to be observed
when the interest of the public comes into place. it provides the
clear elaborations of what needs to be observed and the
necessary practices that needs to be put in place when the
interest of the public comes into place the factor focuses on the
general well-being of the public which is a critical aspect that
involves various conceptions that are important to integrate.
The motivational theory enables one to understand people
better.
Psychobiology
system). Psychological Review, 62(4), 243–254. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041823.
Hebbs gives a creative approach towards cognitive
psychology that is important for the readers to clearly
understand. The basic concepts are perfectly elaborated giving a
clear understanding to the basic procedures involved in the
practice. He explains the drives and the conceptual nervous
system in an appropriate way that is easy to understand and
conceptualize in relation to the field that is being addressed.
The concept focuses on important elements that involve the
needs of the people. Key factors such as operational parameters
cannot be ignored based on the fact that they give a reflection
of the basic aspects that involves the interest of the public.
Focusing on the basic interest is an aspect that involves the
application of general measures that involves the interest of the
public in an appropriate way. Key elements of the CNS are
explained enabling a person to gain a broader understanding of
the basic practices that needs to be observed to ensure that
social order is generated in the society.
Cognitive Psychology
Miller, G. A. (1994). The magical number seven, plus or minus
two: Some limits on our capacity for processing
information. Psychological Review, 101(2), 343–352. Retrieved

from https://doi.org10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.343.
Miller gives a critical approach of the magical number
seven. Ideally, he approaches it in a clear manner that is easy to
understand and conceptualize the meaning of the entire topic.
The magical number seven, minus, or plus two is applied in
explaining the limits that we have on our general capacity of
information processing. It is a key element that focuses on
important aspects that involves the interest of the public. The
processing of the information is a critical factor that involves
several approaches that are important to understand and
conceptualize based on their general importance to the people to
understand. He gives basic examples that enables the reader to
understand how information can be positively or negatively
processed to give an entirely different meaning.
References
psychiatry, 71(4), 366-372.
Freud, S. (1910). The origin and development of
psychoanalysis. The American Journal of Psychology,21(2),
181-218. doi:10.2307/1413001.
system). Psychological Review, 62(4), 243–
254. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041823
motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–
396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
Miller, G. A. (1994). The magical number seven, plus or minus
two: Some limits on our capacity for processing
information. Psychological Review, 101(2), 343–
352. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.343

neurosciences, 17(3), 136–141.
https://doi.org/10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017309
therapy." American Psychologist. 1(10), 415–422.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0060866
necessary? Psychological Review, 57(4), 193–
216. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054367
it. Psychological Review, 20(2), 158–
177. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074428

Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docx

Similar to Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docx (16)

More from spoonerneddy

More from spoonerneddy (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docx