Running head COFFEE REPUBLIC1COFFEE REPUBLIC 2.docx

Running head: COFFEE REPUBLIC 1
COFFEE REPUBLIC 2
An Introduction to a Project Proposal: The Expansion of Coffee
Republic Limited
Desmond Graham
Grantham University
Introduction
Business startups and the formulation of business enterprises is
by far the hardest part of any entrepreneurial endeavor. Such
was the case in the establishment of a startup franchise by two
siblings in the United Kingdom; Sahar and Bobby Hashemi. In
1995 these individuals formulated one of the most established
as well as successful coffee bar franchise namely Coffee
Republic in the United Kingdom as well as internationally. They
introduced the company as one outlet in the South Molton,
which is based in London. The idea behind the introduction of

Coffee Republic rose from the realization that very few
restaurants in the United Kingdom, including other parts of the
contemporary world, had a brand pertinent to coffee (Hashemi,
2004). It means that it is only they, that had a knowledge of
preparing the very best of coffee from acquiring the best quality
of coffee beans and making the coffee they so desired hence the
reason behind the Coffee Republic. The paper seeks to give an
introduction of the business entity regarding the modus
operandi of the company, the country of choice pertinent to
expansion stratagems and finally the mode of entry concerning
its continued success.
The Coffee Republic Company has since seen expansion in
terms of the numbers of outlets being created with respect to the
United Kingdom as well as other parts of the world.
An Illustration of Number and Location of Coffee Republic’s
Outlets
Source (The Coffee Republic, 2016)
From the above, the evaluation of the business entity with
regard to the Coffee Republic, shows it has now has a total of
seventy-two outlets pertinent to the coffee bars and which some
offer exclusive services. These services include free Wi-Fi
connectivity to customers at the facility as well as the provision
of discounts on certain days in a bid to promote their clients.
Expansion of the Franchise
The success of Coffee Republic depends heavily on the
foundation of the company in terms of the number of outlets
relevant in its home country. It is established that there are
fewer than thirty bars in the United Kingdom under which is
supposed to have market dominance in the region (Hashemi,
2004). The expansion strategy of the firm will depend on the
increment in the number of coffee bars in the United Kingdom
laying emphasis on all the key streets. The intention is to have a
strong foundation which will create an enabling environment to
expand into the international arena. Companies such as
Starbuck’s and MC Donald’s’ have a strong foundation base for

their products with the former having more than one thousand
outlets in the United States alone. Such a figure is infinitesimal
in comparison to the Coffee Republics.
Therefore means of establishing the relevance of the company
in the United Kingdom in terms of ensuring that there are
hundreds of outlets is crucial in developing a strong consumer
base in the United Kingdom for progression into other
countries. For this to happen, strategies need to be formulated
to guarantee the achievement of the set objectives.
It is crucial to note that the company derives satisfaction in
accordance with its mission statement in the achievement of
gratification from its clientele. It involves the provision of
quality roasted coffee and other products such as soft drinks, tea
and hot chocolates to its consumers (Hashemi, 2004). It also
includes ensuring that the services provided by the human
resource team with respect to the personnel are courteous as
well as satisfactory.
An Illustration of the Progress of Coffee Republic since its
Formation
Source (The Coffee Republic, 2016)
Rising of standards in service delivery with respect to product
quality as well as the timely provision of products is the first
step in the propagation of growth. However, this is not enough,
as rival firms will strive to improve the quality of their
products.
Mode of Entry
The success of the company in the United Kingdom with the
twenty additional outlets is due to the incorporation of the
franchising technique (Hashemi, 2004). In this system, there are
various franchisees whose intention is the maintenance of the
image of the parent company with relevance to the Coffee
Republic. The simplification of the formation of a franchise
procedure is one of the mechanisms under which this business
entity is subject to grow. For instance, in the past two decades,
the company has been on both an upward and downward

trajectory in terms of expansion owing to administration
disputes. The minimization of conflicts as well as limiting the
numbers of hearings concerning the company will lead to the
minimization in the time of establishment of a franchise. Thus it
will lead to the continuous and positive trajectory in the
expansion stratagems. An example of such a mode of entry is
during the recent expansion through the opening of the
following outlets:
a) Rumford in South Street
b) Bedford in High Street
c) Golders Green in London
d) Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire
Other strategies for involvement include the collaboration and
formation of partnerships with restaurants and hotels as well as
cafeterias that are under proper management subject to being
independent in nature. The integration of angels who are
venture capitalists subject to injection of capital into the
business entity will also propagate the firm to even higher
heights (Hashemi, 2004). The opportunity for growth and
gaining market dominance in the United Kingdom is relevant
and practical in that it the Coffee Republic will need to create
customer loyalty. The need to incorporate and amalgamate
intensive marketing is also crucial in making known the
existence of the conglomerate as well as its objectives.
References
Hashemi, S., & Hashemi, B. (2004). Anyone Can Do It: The
Building Coffee Republic from Our Kitchen Table-57 Real-
Life Laws on Entrepreneurship. John Wiley & Sons.
Welcome to the Coffee Republic. (n.d.). Retrieved September
05, 2016, from http://www.coffeerepublic.co.uk/

Ashford University | ENG122 WEEK THREE
Hello, my name is Aaron. And I work with the Division of
General Education at Ashford University. I'd like to
introduce you to your assignment this week, the research paper
draft. Becoming a skilled writer requires a great
amount of practice. It's important to remember that even the
most memorable book, story, script, essay, or article
started out as a simple rough draft. Writing and submitting a
rough draft gives you an opportunity to receive
feedback on your paper so that you can make the necessary
revisions before submitting your final draft.
Your first two assignments, the annotated bibliography and
outline, have already prepared you for this week's
assignment. Take a close look at your research notes in the
annotated bibliography and think about the source

material you've read, then review the outline that you submitted
it last week and remember to make revisions
based upon the feedback that you receive from your instructor.
Use your outline to begin building the three
essential parts of your essay, the introduction, the body, and the
conclusion.
Your introduction paragraph should present the overall topic
and explain the main points. The introduction
paragraph must present your thesis statement and let your reader
know the position that will be argued. Each of
your body paragraphs will address the main idea and integrate
source material as evidence. Use the writing
center's pie structure to help you develop each paragraph.
Remember to begin with a clear and well written topic
sentence and provide your reader with a thorough analysis.
Make sure you're using the APA guides in the Writing
Center to format your in text citations. Proper APA style
citations and accurately placed quotation marks will help
you avoid unintentional plagiarism when using research based
information in your paper.
Your conclusion paragraph should restate your thesis,
summarize all main points, and leave readers with
something to continue thinking about long after they finish
reading your essay. When you've completed your draft,

compare your paper to the instructions in the assignment
description. Remember, your draft must contain an APA
formatted title page and reference page draft must contain
introduction with a thesis statement you draft must
contain body paragraphs that address your main points and help
develop your argument. Your draft must contain
APA-style formatting, including properly documented citations.
Your instructor will provide feedback on your rough draft as
quickly as possible. Please be patient. It takes time to
read each draft and provide detailed feedback for each
individual student. Be sure to consider instructor feedback
when you make revisions for your final draft, particularly the
feedback included in your marked up paper.
Don't forget to take advantage of the Writing Center tutoring
services as you begin drafting your academic
argument. Use the Writing Center link in class to access
tutoring services including paper review, live chat, and
tutor email. If you have questions about the requirements for
this rough draft assignment, be sure to post them in
Ask Your Instructor. Remember, your rough draft is due by
midnight Monday night. There's no reason to be
intimidated by this assignment. You're ready to write.

ENG122: Composition II
Research Paper Guidelines
P a g e | 1 of 6
2015.09
English 122: Composition II
Research Paper Guidelines
You will spend five weeks completing a 5-7 page academic
argument in APA style. Each week is devoted to
one phase of the academic writing process:
1. Topic Selection & Beginning Research
2. Pre-Writing & Organization
3. Draft Writing
4. Revision
5. Final Draft
Week 1: Topic Selection & Beginning Research

Select a topic from the list of approved topics that begins on
page two of this document. You will be working
with the same topic for the next five weeks. Choose a topic that
is interesting but be wary of topics that elicit a
strong emotional response. We will be writing an objective
academic paper in third-person perspective, which
may be difficult if you feel too personally connected to the
topic.
As you begin to gather research on the topic, start organizing
your work into an annotated bibliography. You
will submit your annotated bibliography for grading and
feedback at the end of Week 1. You will use a working
thesis statement to guide you. These items may need to be
revised before you move forward.
Week 2: Pre-Writing & Organization
After gathering sufficient research, you will begin to build a
credible argument about the topic, which may
require revisions to your working thesis statement. You will
submit an outline of your academic argument for
grading and feedback at the end of Week 2. The outline may
need to be revised before you move forward.
Week 3: Draft Writing

You will utilize your annotated bibliography and outline as
tools to write a rough draft essay. The annotated
bibliography provides you with your research notes while the
outline guides you through the structure of your
argument. You will submit a rough draft of your academic
argument for grading and feedback at the end of
Week 3. You will have time to fully revise your draft over the
remaining two weeks of class.
Week 4: Revision
The revision process contains a number of steps that may
overlap and repeat. This includes additional research,
more writing, proofreading, editing, and content revision. You
must consider and apply the feedback you
received throughout class as you revise your rough draft. You
are expected to use Week 4 as an opportunity for
careful and thorough revision.
Week 5: Final Draft
The final week of class will culminate in the submission of your
Final Research Paper. This is the final,
complete, error-free version of your academic argument. The
final draft is worth 30% of your final grade in this

class.
P a g e | 2 of 6 2015.09
Writing Prompts – Select One for this Class
Prompts have been organized by subject area. Please review all
options before making your final selection and
consider selecting a topic from your field of study/major.
Business
1. Some argue that a gender-based income gap is still present in
America today. Many sources state that
women make less money than men, regardless of length of time
on the job, experience, or education.
Research the debate about the alleged gender income gap and its
causes. If you find that a gender gap
exists, argue for at least one solution to this inequality. If you
find that a gender gap does not exist,
offer an argument that women are compensated fairly in
American workplaces.
2. Many business analysts allege that the music industry is
faltering due to outdated record label business
models, inefficient and overly complex artist contract
agreements, and other factors. Does current

research support this assessment? Can the music industry be
saved by altering its business practices or
does it need a complete overhaul? Argue whether or not the
music industry is indeed faltering, and
what can or should be done to improve the business model of
the music industry.
3. Telecommuting (working from home) is a growing trend in
the workplace. While there might be positive
impacts for the company and employee, there may also be
downsides. Research the business impact and
personal impact of telecommuting and argue a well-supported
position on the value of telecommuting
today. Is telecommuting a good business practice or is it a bad
business practice? Support your
position with evidence.
4. What is the impact of disposable products and packaging in
the marketplace and on the environment?
What should be the focus: impact on business or impact on
environment? Research the issues and
explain whether new government regulations should be
developed to curb over-packaging, or
persuade the reader to believe that the environmental hazards
are being overstated. Utilize credible

and scholarly sources to support the argument.
Communications & Liberal Arts
5. Examine the role of the media (e.g. films, television, the
news, websites, etc.) in shaping public opinion.
In what ways do the mass media influence public opinion,
understanding and prioritization of social and
political issues? Argue whether mass media outlets have a
negative for positive effect on public
opinion and what mass media should do to help Americans
become informed citizens.
6. Critics allege that social media, 24-hour cable channels,
paparazzi, and online tabloids have blurred the
lines between entertainment, big business, and journalism. Some
critics have also alleged that these media
outlets have also altered the way journalists fulfill their roles
and responsibilities to the American public.
Argue whether or not these media outlets can indeed be
considered “journalism” by comparing the
principles and ethics that traditional journalists subscribe to the
actions taken by alternative media
reporters and digital journalists.
P a g e | 3 of 6 2015.09

7. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has
published information regarding the
prevalence of childhood obesity in America today. Some critics
argue that advertising for junk food, fast
food, and sugary soft drinks are unethically targeting children
and teenagers. Are companies obligated to
adjust their business and advertising models to improve
society’s health? Should advertising directed at
children and teenagers be limited by government regulations?
Or, should companies have the right to
advertise in any fashion they like without government
interference? Argue whether or not the
businesses have, in fact, targeted children and teenagers, and
whether or not this should be an
allowable practice.
Education
8. Educational games have moved from a reward in education to
an accepted technique for teaching and
learning at all levels (Pre-K – higher education). Argue
whether or not educational games have value
in 21st century education and what the value may be. Explain
and support your view based on
scholarly sources published within the last five years.

9. Homeschooling has become a popular choice for many
families in America. Research the effects of
homeschooling on children and the efficacy of homeschool
education today. Argue whether or not
homeschooling is an appropriate educational experience for
children or if students are better served
by a traditional on-campus K-12 education.
10. Common Core State Standards are the newest standards in
the field of education. Research one state’s
Common Core State Standards and defend or refute the value of
the Common Core to better
prepare students for college, military, or the workforce based on
the evidence.
11. Distance learning, also known as online learning, has been
increasing as an alternative model of
education. Define and explain how this distance learning
environment is different from the more
traditional model of school. Research, discuss, and explain the
pros and cons of this type of
learning. Make your own argument either for or against online
learning for students and support
your viewpoint by using the credible and scholarly resource you
have found to support your

argument. Finally, explain why this is an important issue to
discuss.
12. Many public schools now require students to wear uniforms.
Discuss this topic by explaining some of the
possible reasons for or against this requirement. Argue whether
or not school uniforms should be a
requirement in public K-12 schools. Support your viewpoint
with relevant scholarly sources that
will support your reasons for making this argument. Finally,
discuss why this is an important issue
to consider.
Behavioral Sciences
13. Researchers have documented the physical impacts of
poverty, including issues of access to quality food
and availability of safe housing. In addition to the physical
impact, poverty can also have a long-lasting
social impact on the community and each individual. Argue
whether or not socioeconomic status
affects an individual’s ability to be socially mobile and provide
evidence to support your position.
P a g e | 4 of 6 2015.09
14. Discuss the meaning and role of gender equality and

women’s empowerment. What does it mean for
women to be empowered at work, in the home, and in higher
education? Consider sources that debate
women’s social and historical disadvantages. Argue whether
gender inequality remains a problem in
American society and address actions that should be taken to
tackle alleged power imbalances. Use
scholarly and credible research to form and support the paper’s
position.
15. “Systemic racism” and “institutional racism” are terms used
to describe racism that has been built into the
structure of a government and its social institutions. Research
the issue of systemic and institutional
racism in the United Stated. Identify the role and function of
legal, economic, political and/or
educational systems in perpetuating racism and argue for at
least one possible solution to curb
systemic and/or institutional racism in America today. Support
all claims with scholarly source
material.
Criminal Justice & Military Studies
16. Americans are afforded the right to peacefully assemble in
protest with certain limitations. Peaceful

protests may, however, escalate and result in criminal activity.
Argue whether or not the right to
peacefully assemble should be revised or whether it should
remain unchanged. Support the
argument with relevant scholarly and credible source material.
17. The American public has recently rallied to ask for body
cameras to be mandatory for all police officers to
provide evidence of misconduct in controversial cases. Others
have argued that body cameras should be
required to provide evidence of proper police action when
officer actions are questioned. Critics, however,
have raised concerns that body cameras violate privacy laws and
statutes. Argue whether police body
cameras are a solution for officers in the United States, risk a
violation to the privacy of American
citizens, or otherwise impact the relationship between law
enforcement and the community.
18. Cyberspace and its infrastructure (servers, cables, etc.) are
vulnerable to many risks. Cybercriminals have
the ability to operate from remote locations across the globe to
find vulnerabilities in the link between
cyberspace and physical systems/records and critical
infrastructure. Argue whether the Department of
Homeland Security doing enough to protect citizens from

cybersecurity risks or if there is more to
be done.
19. The trauma of war is not confined to military personnel.
War-affected children are left with many
physical, psychosocial, educational and security needs. Explore
what being done to address the mental
health needs of war-affected children. Then argue for future
steps that need to be taken to better
protect children in warzones.
Health Care
20. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) maintain much
controversy when it comes to human health and
the environment. Discuss the main concerns about the effect of
genetically modified agriculture on
biodiversity and human health. Argue whether consumers have a
right to know if a product contains
genetically modified food and support your position with
academic sources.
P a g e | 5 of 6 2015.09
21. Health insurance is a program meant to assist people with
the cost of medical services and health-related

procedures. Argue whether access to affordable health insurance
should be the responsibility of the
individual, the government, or employers in the United States.
Support your position with credible
and scholarly evidence.
22. More women are being encouraged to participate in prenatal
genetic testing during their first trimester.
However, there is much debate about whether prenatal genetic
testing is appropriate for all pregnant
women due to the occurrence of misleading results and future
privacy concerns for the child. Research the
literature from the last five years and develop an argument
regarding the use of genetic screening. Argue
whether prenatal genetic testing should be a part of all prenatal
care or if it should be reserved for
those with preexisting conditions and/or high risk pregnancies.
23. The aging American population will require extra health and
human services in the near future. Some
experts have expressed concern that we are unprepared for the
population surge in the geriatric age group.
Develop an argument that explains the necessary steps for the
healthcare industry and the federal
government to take to prepare for the needs of aging Americans.
Support your position with

academic and scholarly source material.
Public Administration & Political Science
24. Examine two well-documented peace negotiations (e.g.
Geneva Convention, Treaty of Versailles, Paris
Peace Accords, etc.). What were the outcomes? Be sure to
discuss the complexities and any ongoing
efforts. Based on your research of two peace negotiations, argue
whether a non-violent approach is
beneficial in enforcing a peace treaty. Support your argument
with scholarly research materials.
25. Choose a statement or speech made by one of the
presidential candidates from a current election
campaign. Was the candidate completely truthful or did s/he
mislead the public? Argue whether or not
the candidate is a trustworthy and reliable future civil servant or
leader based on the statements
they made to the public. Be sure to incorporate multiple
credible and scholarly viewpoints to
explore all sides of the issue and refute the counterarguments.
26. Difficulties in the European Union have led to individual
nations undertaking austerity measures, which
are drastic cuts in government spending to prevent defaulting on
national and public-sector debt. Explore

what makes austerity measures unpopular and how they
influence the quantity and quality of government
services. Argue whether austerity measures are an effective
means for reducing deficit spending and
government debt or if they cause too much harm to the nation’s
citizens. Support your position with
credible and scholarly sources.
27. The United States entered World War II in 1941
immediately after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The
nation mobilized for war as millions of men volunteered for
military service and consumer factories
converted to produce material. Americans bought bonds, grew
Victory Gardens, and lived with rationing
of food and consumer goods as well as recycling important
items like metals and rubber. Argue the ways
in which WWII created new employment opportunities for the
poor, women, and racial and ethnic
minorities in America despite the difficult material
circumstances.
P a g e | 6 of 6 2015.09
Building on GEN 103

28. If you have taken the GEN 103: Information Literacy course
at Ashford University, you developed a
research question and began the process of researching a topic.
Drawing on Chapters 1, 4, and Appendix
A in the textbook, turn your topic into a research question that
inspires argumentation. For instance, if you
researched, “What are the effects of bullying in public
schools?” your question might be: Should schools
implement a zero tolerance policy on bullying? Then, argue a
position with scholarly and credible
supporting evidence.
Note: If you select this prompt, you must share your research
question with your instructor for approval
by Thursday, Day 3, of the first week of the course.
Running head: RESCUE AND SHELTER DOGS 1
Rescue and Shelter Dogs: Rough Draft
Yolanda B. Student

ENG122: English Composition II
Professor I. M. Jackson
August 31, 2016
ENG122
Comment on Text
This title is somewhat appropriate but it should be more
descriptive to reflect the argument being presented.
RESCUE AND SHELTER DOGS 2
Rescue and Shelter Dogs: Rough Draft
Dog’s are important members of many families, especially
since they live for many years
and can be with children from childhood all the way through
until they become adults. People
without children also enjoy having dogs in their lives as
surrogates for the parent-child
relationship. There are man ways to obtain a dog in America
nowadays. First, there is pet stores.
Second there are licensed breeders. Then there are unlicensed or
home breeders. There are also

many shelters and rescue organizations that take care of
homeless or unwanted pets until they’re
forever family can be found. Due to the pet overpopulation in
America and the exacerbated
medical ramifications of selective breeding, people should
adopt rescued dogs rather than
purchase a puppy from any type of breeder or pet store.
Pet overpopulation in America is causing environmental and
sociological problems. Pet
waste left behind by unsupervised and/or homeless animals have
an impact on ground water
quality (Paterson, 2011). If pet waste is left on the ground, it
seeps into the ground, gets washed
into storm drains, makes its way into streams and lakes, and is
left as untreated sewage in the
natural water cycle. Rescue organizations reduce the pet
population in America by spaying and
neutering all animals before they are released. There were 3,500
individual animal shelters
operating at capacity in the United States in the mid 1990s
(Motavalli, 1995). This is a large
number that has only increased over the years. The numbers
grow because too many pets are
allowed to breed freely without control. According to

environmentalist Jim Motavalli (1995), the
average female dog can produce two litters a year, which means
that one un-spayed girl dog can
be responsible for 67,000 births during her fertile years if her
offspring are also left intact and not
spayed or neutered.
ENG122
Comment on Text
The draft begins with an apostrophe error. Some mistakes are
bound to appear in the rough draft.
ENG122
Sticky Note
In the opening lines of the introduction, the student includes a
few pertinent sentences that lead up to the thesis statement.
ENG122
Sticky Note
The thesis statement is properly positioned at the end of the
introductory paragraph. The student clearly communicates the
message by using words and syntax that are simple and
concrete.
ENG122
Sticky Note
The topic sentence stated a claim. The second sentence provided
supporting evidence. This is an effective way to build a
paragraph for an argumentative essay.

ENG122
Sticky Note
Details within the paragraph support the topic of the paragraph
without veering off into a tangent.
ENG122
Sticky Note
The paragraph ends with some explanation of the information
within the context of the thesis statement.
Designer and purebred dogs are created by artificial genetic
modification through
selective breeding practices. Since humans have selectively
bred dogs for physical and
behavioral characteristics through inbreeding, pedigree dogs can
be plagued by genetic disease
(Farrell, Schoenebeck, Wiener, Clements, & Summers, 2015).
Breeders who work in commercial
enterprises are focused on those physical characteristics when
breeding an animal for sale.
Selective breeding practices result in exacerbated medical
conditions in canines.
Previously, breed standards were focused on aesthetics and
temperament with disregard for
health, leading to increased medical issues in pedigree dogs.
Indrebø (2008) found that it will

take “several generations to change the breed through genetic
selection in order to eradicate the
unhealthy over-typed dogs” (pp. 1-2). Shelters and rescue
organizations do not participate in
selective breeding for designer or purebred animals. Instead,
rescue organizations accept animals
in any variety until a permanent home can be found.
Rescue organizations do not participate in selective breeding
for designer or purebred
animals. Pet stores, however, are supplied by breeders who do
participate in selective breeding
but do not take the steps necessary to ensure healthy pets. The
only way breeders can ethically
create healthy litters is through ongoing diagnostic screening of
all dogs along with genetic
testing regardless of arbitrarily chosen aesthetics of the animal
(Farrell et al., 2015). There are
ten recommendations for ethical breeding programs that require
all breeders to only breed very
healthy dogs, calculate percentages for breeding stock, limit
“matador breeding,” exclude female
dogs who are unable to give birth naturally, screen for
polygenetic diseases, conduct DNA

testing, and practice natural puppy-rearing with birth mothers
(Indrebø, 2008). Without firm
regulations and legal ramifications, commercial breeders
continue to breed animals without
regard for health and welfare.
ENG122
Sticky Note
This paragraph seems appropriate for the argument but needs
additional development for the final draft.
ENG122
Sticky Note
This paragraph begins with a topic sentence that is clearly
connected to the thesis statement and moves the argument
forward.
ENG122
Sticky Note
The student refrains from using long quotes. Long quotes slow
down the movement of your paper and work against the
effectiveness of your writing.
ENG122
Comment on Text
The author has been cited in the body text. Therefore, the year
is cited alone in the parenthetical in-text citation.
ENG122
Comment on Text
This is a direct quote; therefore, the location of the quote within
the original source must be cited. Remember, the author and
year of publication were already cited at the beginning of the

sentence.
ENG122
Sticky Note
This topic sentence prepares readers for a more detailed
analysis of the main point.
ENG122
Sticky Note
The student maintains a certain level of objectivity by
presenting factual information and by refraining from
interjecting personal opinions.
There is a rich history in dog breeding and Kennel Club
registration. Some people feel
that pedigree dogs represent a cultural history. It has been
found, however, that desire for a pure-
bred dog may be based upon popular culture trends rather than
more rational or logical decision-
making processes (Ghirlanda, Acerbi, & Herzog, 2014).
Therefore, it is important to look into
the actual cultural impact of dog breeding as an asset to society
without regard for ethical
treatment of animals.
Just as there is no assurance of breed when adopting from a
shelter or rescue group, there

is no guarantee of a healthy pet when adopted from a shelter
where the animal’s history is
unknown. While it’s true that there is no guarantee of health
when a pet is adopted from a
shelter, it is not financially supporting breeders who are
breeding animals with disregard for
health and welfare. This has led a number of municipalities
across the country to ban the sale of
puppy-mill animals due to the animal welfare concerns (Taylor,
2015). Purebred dogs suffer
needlessly and genetic diversity, as exhibited in mutts from the
pound, is preferable for a healthy
and stable pet (Jeppsson, 2014). So while there are no
guarantees, the overall impact of adopting
pets rather than investing in commercial breeding is positive.
The sale of commercially-bred puppies from pet stores should
be banned unless all
ethical recommendations become legally mandatory. In the
meantime, many mixed-breed dogs
in shelters are in need of homes. Therefore, families should first
consider adopting a dog from a
shelter or rescue organization rather than purchasing a puppy
from an unregulated commercial
enterprise like a pet store or large breeding enterprise.

ENG122
Sticky Note
The student is using last week's outline as a tool to develop this
draft. Each paragraph in the body of the essay addresses a
single idea. Each main idea relates back to the thesis statement.
ENG122
Comment on Text
Transition words are used to show readers how everything is
related.
ENG122
Sticky Note
Notice how the student anticipates the counterargument and
introduces it in the topic sentence.
ENG122
Comment on Text
Notice that the source of this information is cited with the
author's last name and year of publication. Since the
information was paraphrased and not quoted, no page number is
required.
ENG122
Sticky Note
This conclusion is a bit rushed. There is room for the student to
recap all main points of the body paragraphs to conclude the
argument.
ENG122
Sticky Note
Notice the clean page break before the reference list begins.

References
Farrell, L. L., Schoenebeck, J. J., Wiener, P., Clements, D. N.,
& Summers, K. M. (2015). The
challenges of pedigree dog health: Approaches to combating
inherited disease. Canine
Genetics And Epidemiology, doi:10.1186/s40575-015-0014-9
Ghirlanda, S., Acerbi, A., & Herzog, H. (2014). Dog movie
stars and dog breed popularity: A
case study in media influence on choice. PLoS One, 9(9), 1-5.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106565
Indrebø, A. (2008). Animal welfare in modern dog breeding
[Special Section]. Acta Veterinaria
Scandinavica, 50(56), 1-6. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-50-S1-S6
Jeppsson, S. (2014). Purebred dogs and canine wellbeing.
Journal of Agricultural and
Environmental Ethics, 27(3), 417-430.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-013-9470-y
Motavalli, J. (1995). Our agony over animals. E: The
Environmental Magazine, 6(5), 28.
Paterson, J. (2011). A greener pawprint. E: The Environmental

Magazine, 22(3), 22-27.
Taylor, J. S. (2015). Anti-puppy mill legislation across the
country is dogging pet stores. ABA
Journal. Retrieved from
http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/anti_puppy_mill_le
gislation_across_the_co
untry_is_dogging_pet_stores
ENG122
Sticky Note
These references are listed in proper APA style. The References
heading is correct, the citations are correct, the page is double-
spaced, and each entry is formatted with a hanging indent.
Running head: SHORTENED TITLE 1
SHORTENED TITLE 2
Full Title: Rough Draft
FirstName LastName
ENG122: English Composition II
Instructor FirstName LastName
August 1, 2016
Full Title: Rough Draft
Write your paper in a well-structured essay format and
utilize the writing center’s structure guidelines and APA guides

to help you. Use your outline as a roadmap so you stay on track.
Remember to keep your eye on the big picture, too. Your
overall argument, as described in your thesis statement, must be
clearly communicated in each paragraph.
Your introduction and conclusion will discuss the full
argument at a high level. Your body paragraphs will each
explore one piece of the argument. Make sure all your pieces fit
to create the complete argument. Be sure to reach out to the
writing center tutors any time you would like some one-on-one
support.
References
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Publication Year). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, volume #(issue #), pp–pp.
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx CLICK HERE for more
instructions

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