Why Packet Switched Networks Are Used For Data...

Why Packet Switched Networks Are Used For Data...
1. Discuss why packet switched networks are used for data communication instead of circuit switched?
Ans: Packet switched systems utilize a customary technique by exchanging each single packet to the
destination address at nonstop interims however the greatest result for every interim will be the same one,
this will include a few different routes or paths . This is one method to ensure the nature of the
methodology by permitting one and only single packet at a solitary interim to the destination address. In
another way it can be seen as moving information in divided little blocks to the destination address which
are again assembled in a exact sequence to produce a message. Circuit exchanged systems is the
methodology of association in the middle of two devoted hubs permitting full data transfer capacity of the
channels to stay joined all through the correspondence n session. It guarantees a solid association territory
that aides in non transformation on the other hand information spilling control. It is by and large utilized
as a part of open exchanged phone system (PSTN), circuit exchanged information (CSD) and rapid –
circuit exchanged information (HSCSD), Optical mesh and Datakit. The methodology of transmitting data
between two hubs through a system is finished by utilizing Packet exchanged and Circuit exchanged,
which are noteworthy in conveying the data to their comparing destinations. On account of circuit
exchanged the correspondence systems administration is
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Chapter 5 Network Layers Questions 3, 5, 8
Chapter 5: Questions 3,4, and 8
9/29/2012
3. What are the parts of TCP/IP and what do they do? Who is the primary user of TCP/IP?
TCP/IP has two parts. TCP is the transport layer protocol that links the application layer to the network
layer. It performs segmenting: breaking the data into smaller PDUs called segments, numbering them,
ensuring each segment is reliably delivered, and putting them in the proper order at the destination. IP is
the network layer protocol and performs addressing and routing. IP software is used at each of the
intervening computers through which the message passes; it is IP that routes the message to the final
destination. The TCP software needs to be active only at the sender and the receiver, because TCP ...
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Network layer addresses and application layer addresses go hand in hand, so the same standards group
usually assigns both (e.g., www.indiana.edu at the application layer means 129.79.78.4 at the network
layer). It is possible to have several application layer addresses for the same computer.
8. What is a subnet mask? A subnet allows the flow of a network traffic between hosts to be segregated
based on a network configuration. The most recognizeable aspect of subnetting is the subnet mask. Like
IP addresses , a subnet mask contains 4 bytes (32 bits)and is often written using the same "dotted–
decimal" notation. For example, a very common subnet mask in its binary representation 11111111
11111111 11111111 00000000 is typically shown in the equivalent, more readable form 255.255.255.0 A
subnet mask neither works like an IP address, nor does it exist independently from them. Instead, subnet
masks accompany an IP address and the two values work together. Applying the subnet mask to an IP
address splits the address into two parts, an "extended network address" and a host address. For a subnet
mask to be valid, its left most bits must be set to '1 '. For example, 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 is an invalid subnet mask because the leftmost bit is set to '0 '. Conversely, the rightmost bits in
a valid subnet mask must

Switch From Windows For Linux
Switch from WINDOWS to LINUX
Prepared for
CEO HACKD, LLC
Prepared by
Joseph Wangombe
Student
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.
December 03, 2014
Switch from Windows to Linux
Introduction
The switch from Windows to Linux is something that many organizations contemplate doing but many
tread this route with much care. In recent years management has been concerned with the rising cost of
doing business; the security of their patents and customer information were their major concerns. While
most agree that these issues deserve attention, consensus dissolves on how to solve the concern. This
proposal is to elaborate to the process to switch from Windows to Linux. It has long been thought by
many people here in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hardware and Installation Options
3. The way users will log in to systems
4. How systems will get their IP Address
5. How the DNS will be accessed by the LSDG systems
6. How files may be accessed by the LSDG
7. How to share files securely
8. How printing will be handled.
9. Data encryption.
Plan for Migration from Windows to Linux
The transition from Windows to Linux can be long and take months to achieve, the moving of data setting
the installations of the servers and clients is time consuming and need professionals to handle it, however
the transition is more than worth it. A good transition to take place would require extensive planning of
resources, time and expertise. The best approach to deal with migrate from Windows to Linux is gradual,
one department after another. The service of servers is the most critical phase to start with. A typical
office uses shared resources to maximize on the resource hence it is critical to start with the services that
are shared the most and change those first. Printing, Storage and application servers are some of the
critical areas that any organization's IT want to see go as smooth as possible. Linux can be configured

from installation to be a server or just a regular desktop client. Once the servers have been installed in
place then the clients that are going to be pulling the resources from it can be installed and integrated
gradually to avoid disruption of services to the workers.
It is important to educate the

Case Study Of CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Every company have their own business goal. First CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd's business goal is improve
telecommunication services and provide to the groups. Next, CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd' wish to using a new
operating model for greater efficiency. Third, CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd's wish to scaling their next–
generation offerings for proven results. Forth, CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd's wish to rationalizing their
portfolio for reduced risk and faster impact. Fifth, CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd's wish to provide harness
word–class industry IP for more innovation. Sixth, modernizing their delivery network for cost effective
consistency. Seventh, CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd's wish to collaborating seamlessly for greater client
satisfaction. Eighth, CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd's want to improve their staff efficiency and eliminate their
problems. Ninth, CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd's wish to reduce cost spend on the network. Last, CSC Malaysia
Sdn Bhd's wish they able to protect the network from intruders. For CSC Malaysia Sdn Bhd, their have no
technical goal. But for advice, they should have some of the technical goals. First, CSC Malaysia Sdn
Bhd should able to offer a network that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All the devices will be connects with a switch. In computing centre server room, there have multiple
switches which connected with multiple servers and PCs. All the switches from various department will
connect to the switches which located in computing centre server room. Let say, a staff want to print some
document which from File/Printer Server, his/her computer will connect to the switch which locate in
particular department, the department's switch will connect to the switch which locate at computing centre
server room and connect to the File/Print Server. After he/she selected document which want to print, the
documents from server will send the document to the printer through switches and print

Pros And Cons Of Transmission Control Protocol And...
Week 3– Written Assignment
Shiva shanker chennoju
BA 632 Information Systems Security
Professor Dr. Jimmie Flores
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are two distinct computer network protocols. A
protocol is an agreed–upon set of procedures and rules. When two computers follow the same protocols
the same set of rules they can understand each other and exchange data. Transmission Control Protocol
and Internet Protocol are so commonly used together, however, that Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol has become standard terminology for referring to this suite of protocols.
Transmission Control Protocol divides a message or file into packets that are transmitted through the
internet and then re–assembled when they reach their destination. Internet Protocol is responsible for the
address of each packet so it is sent into the correct destination.
Advantages of (TCP) :
A network is just a bunch of computers with wires running between them. Properly implemented, a
network is a system that provides its clients with unique capabilities, above and beyond what the
individual machines and their software applications can provide.
Most of the benefits of networking can be divided into two generic categories connectivity and sharing,
and Hardware sharing, Internet Access, Internet Access Sharing, Data Security and Management,
Performance Enhancement and Balancing. networks allow computers, and

Contextual Analysis Plan
To assess the adequacy of the proposed plan, a contextual analysis is utilized. An arrangement of parallel
FIR channels with 16 coefficients is considered. The information and coefficients are quantized with 8
bits. The channel yield is quantized with 18 bits. For the check channels r_i , since the data is the entirety
of a few inputs p_j , the information bit–width is reached out to 10 bits. A little limit is utilized as a part of
the examinations such that mistakes littler than the limit are not considered slips. As clarified in Segment
III, no rationale sharing was utilized as a part of the calculations in the encoder and decoder rationale to
stay away from slips on them from engendering to the yield. Two setups are considered. The first is a
piece of four parallel channels for which a Hamming code with k = ... Show more content on
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All things considered, the relative number of included check channels (n–k)/n is littler. At the point when
analyzed with the math code strategy proposed in [7], the reserve funds are littler yet huge going from
11% to 40%. Once more, bigger funds are gotten for the second arrangement. In outline, the aftereffects
of this contextual investigation affirm that the proposed plan can decrease the execution cost essentially
analyzed with the TMR and gives additionally decreases when contrasted and different routines, for
example, that in [7]. As talked about some time recently, the diminishments are bigger when the quantity
of channels is extensive. The second assessment is to survey the adequacy of the plan to right blunders. To
that end, issue infusion tests have been led. Specifically, lapses have been arbitrarily embedded in the
coefficients and inputs of the channels. In all cases, single slips were distinguished and adjusted.
Altogether, 8000 lapses for inputs and 8000 mistakes for channel coefficients were embedded in the
distinctive reenactment

A Guide to Computer Networks
Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition
Solutions 4 – 1
Chapter 4 Solutions
Review Questions
1. What type of information must a protocol suite supply to be routable? b. Network layer address 2.
Which protocol suite grew popular in part because software developers have always been able to modify
it freely? a. TCP/IP 3. What field in an IP datagram can be used to indicate that a packet should be routed
before any other packets? b. the Differentiated Services field 4. What happens to an IP datagram when its
TTL reaches 1? c. It is discarded by the connectivity device. 5. What would be the effect on your
overtaxed network if you reprogrammed all client and server Application layer protocols to use UDP
rather than TCP? c. Due to UDP's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is she attempting to do? c. open a Web page that's on her own computer 23. Which IPX/SPX core
protocol provides data reliability services? b. SPX 24. Why is NetBEUI unsuitable for Internet
connections? a. It's not routable. 25. Which of the following protocols will assist in determining whether
packets reached their destinations? b. ICMP
Hands–On Projects
Project 4–1 In this project, students learn how to view and modify TCP/IP properties on a Windows XP
workstation. Steps 1 – 3: Students should obtain the results of a simple ipconfig command issued from a
C: prompt. Steps 4 – 5: Students observe the output of an ipconfig /all command. Steps 6 – 8: Students
learn how to release and renew a DHCP–assigned address. Project 4–2 In this project, students learn how
to modify the TCP/IP configuration of a workstation running Windows XP using the operating system
interface. Steps 1 – 4: Students access the TCP/IP properties for a LAN interface. Steps 5 – 8: Students
modify the configuration by entering a static IP address and default gateway. Step 9: Students observe
how their changes affected the output of the ipconfig /all command. Steps 10 – 11: Students access the
LAN interface's TCP/IP configuration once more, this time to restore the default values. Project 4–3 In
this project students experiment with the ping command. Note that the exercise can be conducted on
either a Windows XP or UNIX–type of system. Steps 1 – 3: Students run a simple loopback

Essay on Wan Design
Company Overview In this plan, I will describe the process of creating a WAN for ACME Manufacturing.
ACME Manufacturing has six buildings in different locations that need to be on the same network.
Headquarters and the other remote locations of ACME Manufacturing share the need for constant
communication with each other. Atlanta, Georgia, is the home of ACME manufacturing where they have
another building across the street, their engineering facility. The other locations are in Phoenix, Chicago,
New York, and China.
Network Setup and Connections The LAN setup in Atlanta for the headquarters and engineering buildings
will use a logical choice of routers and Ethernet cables. Using routers and Ethernet cables will provide
speedy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the benefits of VOIP are, enhanced productivity, reduction in telecommunication costs, and
makes any phone system highly flexible. VOIP increases productivity and provides useful features and
capabilities that a normal phone system cannot offer.
VLAN/IP Address Building a VLAN for ACME manufacturing one would think a Class B would be the
choice, but with Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR), it will not be necessary. "CIDR eliminates the
traditional concept of class A, B, and C network and with CIDR, the addresses that were wasted for the
class A and B networks are reclaimed and redistributed for use later" (Regan, 2004). Dividing the network
into smaller subnetworks, which would be the six builds that ACME occupies, will enhance network
performance. Each subnetwork will have resources and devices available to its users and eventually
freeing broadcast traffic in the network.
Equipment for the Network Designing a WAN, the network equipment needs special considerations. The
following list is the recommended equipment best suited for ACME manufacturing: * Mainframe
computers * Switches and routers * Telephony system * Firewalls * Wireless equipment
The main component of each of ACME manufacturing's buildings are the mainframes computers. The
mainframe in the headquarters building will control the connections of the different networks, in turn
connecting all networks, routers, and firewalls to the mainframe at the

Nt1330 Unit 1 Essay
3.3.3 Important C Functions in ETSS
In this section, important functions used to send and get requests to and from the traffic controller are
explained in detail. This section includes the most important functions that are used to initiate
communication. It also explains some support functions used to set values in the traffic controller as well
as to get data from the traffic controller. Furthermore, it contains a number of functions that are required
to extract phase related information from the traffic controller, such as, is the green signal on, get the
current status of a signal in a particular phase, etc. Each of those functions will be explained in detail next.
A) Controller Access Utility Functions: Establishing a connection is the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In general, an IP address along with a port number forms a socket. Figure 3.10 shows the client–server
relation with sockets.
In a client–server communication, a client initiates the communication process, whereas the server
responds to incoming client requests. It should be noted that a server typically starts before the client
does, and waits for the client to request connections. Figure 3.11 shows the
Figure 3.10: Socket Concept interaction between a server and a client as a flowchart where every block in
the flowchart has an important role in the network connection. First, a server and client create a socket S.
Then the server binds the socket S to a local address, which is optional for a client. The server then listens
to the incoming connection requests from clients to alert the TCP/IP machine of the willingness to accept
connections. The client now connects socket S to a foreign host. By this time, the server accepts the
connection and receives a second socket NS. The server uses this new socket NS whereas client uses
socket S to read and write data by using sendto() and recv() calls until all data has been exchanged.
Finally, the server closes socket NS, the client

Health Insurance Subnetwork
RESULTS
1. General analysis results
The basis of general analysis (Figure 1) was a shrunken version of the network additionally adjusted by
the proportion of variables in each subnetwork of social resources. Into the general shrunken network,
health insurance subnetwork connected with 15 (83.3%) subnetworks of other social resources by 29
shrunken links accounting for 15.67% of all connections, which was the higher value and equal for
demographics subnetwork. Relationships with 13 subnetworks (72.2%) of social resources were cyclic
(including incoming and outgoing links).
According to centrality indexes calculated for each shrunken subnetwork, health insurance ranked 6th by
degree (general, in and out–degree) and betweenness, and 7th by closeness ... Show more content on
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The middle left community shows single adults as a profile significantly linked to 'no any health
insurance'. The bottom left community signals the coexistence of direct purchase of insurance with public
insurance through Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare and no insurance through employer, as well as it shows
the overlap between Tricare and

The Implementation Of A Ipsec Tunnel
To allow the regional offices to pass traffic securely a GRE IPsec tunnel will be created between offices.
This will allow all data to be encrypted prior to being sent out to the internet. This will prevent
unauthorised reading or manipulation of sensitive data. The UK office will have two tunnels, one to each
branch office. In order for the remote branches to communicate with each other their traffic will pass
through the head office. The initial part of the configuration is the addition of GRE tunnels between the
offices. These will be based on /30 subnets within the 192.168.0.0 range. Ethernet allows packets of up to
1500 bytes to pass through it. As the GRE header adds an additional overhead to each packet Cisco
recommend configuring the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) to 1400 bytes. An additional aid is to
add the TCP adjust–mss 1360 which keep the TCP SYN packets small enough to pass across the tunnel.
Figure 5 10 GRE Tunnels
The tunnel state was verified with the " show ip interface brief | inc Tu" Figure 5 11 GRE Tunnel Status
With the tunnels in an "up up" state the ISAKMP and IPSec configuration can be added. In order for
IPSec communication to exist between the sites it must complete a 3 step process.
Identify interesting traffic. This is done by the configuration of an extended ACL which will tell the IPSec
to encrypt anything matching the permit command and pass anything matching the deny statement
unencrypted
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) phase one.

An Analysis Of A Network Protocol : Project Analysis
Our project focuses on the analysis of a network protocol and how it works. The network layer Oliveir
Bonaventure explains as "providing a connection–less service. It identifies each (interface of a) host by
using an IP address. "[4] Mainly this layer passes information between layers and provides a way to
address them. The main goal to enable hosts to send packets of information containing up to 64 KB. An
issue arises when information doesn't deliver to the correct destination. This issue is because there is no
actual guarantee of the delivery. Also, the detection of errors isn't a guarantee during the transmission
process. There is a common analogy for the network layer. "It's like a worldwide postal service providing
an addressing and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of these is the source port which is 16 bits of information that identifies the source of the data.
Compared to the source port, the destination port also holds 16 bits of information. The only difference is
the destination port holds information about the data's destination. These two ports are what are
responsible for building the pathway for the data. Following these is the length parameter which defines
how large the UDP packet is going to be. It stores a max of 16 bits but also has a min of 8 bits. In IPv6 if
the size is greater than a 16 bit max the length is to be set to 0, this process is a jumbogram. In IPv4 the
checksum value is optional, which means in the case there's no checksum value, that value is set to 0 as
well as all the bits are set to 0. [3] IPv6 the checksum is mandatory. "The checksum is the 16–bit one's
complement of the one's complement sum of a pseudo header of information from the IP header, the UDP
header, and the data. This header is padded with zero octets at the end (if necessary) to make a multiple of
two octets" [5]. IPV6's checksum has a modification in the calculation due to the increase in the header
size.
To show UDP is a simple protocol, compare it to its brother TCP. When compared, UDP has less
functionality and overhead which results in decreased reliability.
ADD IN PICTURE HERE FROM [6]
A DoS attack is the most common but also the most recognizable by the public user. There are many
different types of attacks that

1230 Client/Server Networking Final Test Study Guide Essay
1. List the Windows 7 Libraries a. Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos. 2. What is the purpose of
PowerShell b. Designed to replace VB Script for scripting and performing actions at the command line 3.
Which editions of Windows 7 can be added to an Active directory domain? c. Professional and up 4. What
is Window PE d. Is a minimal Win32 operating system with limited services, built on the Windows Vista
kernel. It is used to prepare a computer for Windows installation, to copy disk images from a network file
server, and to initiate Windows Setup. 5. Define User profile e. Is a collection of personal data associated
to a specific user. 6. What is the upgrade advisor? f. A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is used to encrypt files when using EFS? w. Digital certificate 24. MMC (Microsoft Management)
Console x. Customize snap–ins 25. What is remote Assistance? y. Have to have an invitation to help assist
a user remotely 26. What is TCP Port 3389 used for? z. Remote desktop and remote assistance 27.
Windows Boot Manager {. Display boot menu and loads the kernel 28. System Configuration Tool |. An
advanced tool that can help identify problems that could prevent Windows from starting correctly 29. Last
Known Good Configuration }. Last time that windows started without any problems 30. What is
BranchCache ~. Save things locally to save banwidth 31. Server Role . Primary duty 32. Server Core .
Barebone installation no gui 33. Maximum RAM for Windows Server 2008 R2 . 32 GB 34. When should
you get windows updated for your computer? . When you first install 35. What is a clean installation .
Install from scratch 36. Define server . Dedicated computer 37. Explain user rights . What a user can and
can't do 38. Control Panel applet that allows computer name change . system 39. Define Domain . Group
of computers that share a security database 40. Location to configure IP address information . Network
and sharing center 41. What is the Print Management

Significance
whatever
5.7.1: Packet Tracer Skills Integration Challenge
Topology Diagram
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco
Public Information.
Page 1 of 6
CCNA Exploration
Routing Protocols and Concepts: RIP version 1
5.7.1: Packet Tracer Skills Integration Challenge
Addressing Table for R1
Device
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
209.165.201.2
255.255.255.252
S0/0/0
209.165.201.1
255.255.255.252
S0/0/1
209.165.201.5

255.255.255.252
Fa0/0
209.165.200.225
255.255.255.252
NIC
209.165.200.226
255.255.255.252
S0/0/0
R1
S0/0/1
S0/1/0
S0/1/1
Fa0/0
Fa0/1
B1–R1
Fa1/0
Fa1/1
S0/0/0
Fa0/0
Fa0/1
B2–R1 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
CCNA Exploration
Routing Protocols and Concepts: RIP version 1
5.7.1: Packet Tracer Skills Integration challenge Activity
For the LANs in Region 2, following the same format for assigning subnets that you used for
Region 1: Subnet 0 to the Fa0/0 interface on B1–R2; Subnet 1 to Fa0/1, and so on.
For the WANs in Region 2, assign the last subnet to the link between R2 and B3–R2, the second to last
subnet to the link between R2 and B2–R2 and the third to the last subnet to link between
R2 and B1–R2.
Record the Region 2 subnet assignments in the following table:
Router
Subnet

Number
B1–R2 Fa0/0
0
B1–R2 Fa0/1
1
B1–R2 Fa1/0
2
B1–R2 Fa1/1
3
B2–R2 Fa0/0
4
B2–R2 Fa0/1
5
B2–R2 Fa1/0
6
B2–R2 Fa1/1
7
B3–R2 Fa0/0
8
B3–R2 Fa0/1
9
B3–R2 Fa1/0
10
B3–R2 Fa1/1
11

B1–R2 R2
3 to Last
B2–R2 R2
2
Subnet Address
rd
nd
B3–R2 R2
to Last
Last
Step 2: Document the addressing scheme.
Document the IP addresses and subnet masks. Assign the first IP address to the router interface.
For the WAN links, assign the first IP address to R1 and R2 for links to each router's respective
B1, B2, and

Nt1210 Project 6-1
Obtain a wireless residential gateway from your instructor, or you can utilize your own. If the contrivance
has external antennas, ascertain they are situated vertically; and if they utilize a screw–in connector,
ascertain the antennas are finger–tight and do not fall to the horizontal position again. Never turn on a
wireless contrivance equipped with external antennas without first having them connected and tightened
up. The absence of a felicitous load at the output of the transmitter can damage the circuit. In integration,
despite the very low power levels of most WLAN contrivances, you are exhorted to never touch the
antennas when the contrivance is turned on as this may represent a health peril. Connect an RJ–45
Ethernet crossover patch cable to one of the switch ports in the back of the contrivance. Note that one port
is disunited from the others and is customarily marked "WAN." Do not connect anything to the WAN
port. Plug the other terminus of the cable into an Ethernet port on your computer. Plug in the puissance
adapter and connect it to the back of your AP ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leave "Mode" as Commixed. Transmute the SSID to the same one you utilized in Project 6–1. Click
Preserve Settings. A page should appear denoting that your settings are prosperous. Click Perpetuate and
you will be returned to the Wireless setup page On the computer, click the network icon on the right–hand
side of the taskbar to view 6 the wireless networks detected. Click the SSID you establish on the gateway
and then click the Connect button. Windows may exhibit an information dialog box verbally expressing
that you are connecting to an unsecured network. If so, click Connect Anyway. Windows will exhibit a
dialog box with a progress bar and the text "Connecting to." If the connection is prosperous, Windows 7
will close the dialog box and not give you any supplemental designation other than a diminutive icon on
the taskbar that shows five

Week 4 B IP Subnetting Lab Essay
Introduction
Assignment
Develop a subnetting plan and implement it in the lab. Configure RIP as a routing protocol.
Conditions
NYEDGE1 is the hub router. The two remote office routers NYEDGE2 and NYWAN1 connect to
NYEDGE1 through serial connections. Each router has a locally attached Ethernet network.
The serial line data rates and DTE/DCE settings have already been configured on all three routers. You
only need to assign the IP address to the interfaces.
Notes
The routers are connected directly to each other in this lab and do not actually connect through any leased
line services.
Diagram
Gi0/0
Ethernet
NYWAN1
Serial0/1/0
Serial0/0/1
DCE
NYEDGE1
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/0/0
DCE
Gi0/0
Ethernet
Task Index



Task 1 – Create a subnet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You are not encouraged to use this subnetwork because it specifies the wire address.
Nor should you use the last subnet, 192.50.6.224, because it is considered the major network broadcast
address. Therefore you can only use subnets 32, 64, 96, 128, 160 and 192. With this design requirement,
you only need to use five of the six usable subnetworks, leaving one for any additional segments in the
future. Likewise, for each subnet, you cannot use the first and last address. For example, subnet
192.50.1.32 extends all the way to 192.50.1.63. But you cannot use these two IP addresses (.32 and .63)
because they are the wire and the broadcast addresses for this subnetwork. But you can use any of the 30
IP addresses in between.
Task 3 – Configure the interfaces in each router Step 1: Configure Gi0/0, s0/0/0, and S0/0/1 for
NYEDGE1.
Action:
ip address <ip address> < subnet mask>
Result:
NYEDGE1>enable
NYEDGE1#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
End with CNTL/Z.
NYEDGE1(config)#int g0/0
NYEDGE1(config–if)#ip address 192.50.6.33 255.255.255.224
NYEDGE1(config–if)#no shut
NYEDGE1(config–if)#
NYEDGE1(config–if)#int s0/0/0
NYEDGE1(config–if)#int s0/0/1
NYEDGE1(config–if)#end
Explanation:
Subnet 192.50.6.32 is assigned to g0/0. Subnet 192.50.6.128 is

Networking 202 Essay
iLab Grading Rubric
Category
Points
Description
Section 1
Performing Initial Router Startup–20 Points Total
Task 1: Step 17
Related Explanation or Response
Summary Paragraph
3
9
8
Paste the requested screenshot.
Provide the requested answer .
In your own words, summarize what you have learned about IP Subnetting and configuration.
Section 2
Enhancing the Security of Initial Router Configuration–20 Points Total
Task 1: Step 5
Task 1: Step 16
Task 1: Step 17
Task 1: Step 18
Summary Paragraph
1
2
1
2
1

2
1
2
8
Paste the requested screenshot. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Enhancing the security of routers is important to avoid unauthorized users change configuration settings
and avoid unauthorized information and routing from entering. For instance, clear text authentication
takes advantage of more flexible key management capabilities. Copy and paste the following screenshots
from the Enhancing the Security of Initial Router Configuration lab below. Task 1, Step 5: Test your user
mode and privileged mode passwords on R1 by exiting the router and logging back in. Once you are in
user mode, access privileged mode. Take a screenshot of the output. (1 point)
Question: What is the most current command used to create the enable password? What makes it a better
choice?
Hint: Read and study the explanations within the lab for assistance. (2 points)Cisco is the command used
to create the enable password. Cisco is used to access the user mode through the console port but adding
the login command helps safeguard the console port. Sanfran is the password for the login command.
Task 2, Step 16: Use a show command on R1 to verify the SSH settings. Take a screenshot of the output.
(1 point)
Question: In addition to SSH, what other method of remote access was selected on step 15?
Hint: Read and study the explanations within the lab for assistance. (2 points)The other method was
through telnet. A command using transport input telnet ssh forces admins to SSH into the device.
Task 5, Step 17:

How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication
Modbus is a type of communication among many devices connected to the same network, for example a
system that measures temperature and humidity and communicates the results to a computer. Modbus is
often used to connect a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in supervisory control
and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. [17]
In simple words, it can be explained as a method used for transmitting information over the lines between
electronic devices. The device asks the information is called the Modbus Master and the devices supply
information is Modbus Slaves. In a standard Modbus network, there is one Master and up to 247 Slaves,
each with a unique Slave Address from 1 to 247. The Master can also write information to the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This number tells the slave which table to be accessed. It also decides whether to read from or write to the
table.
3.2 Internet Protocol
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another
on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely
identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.[18]
While data transferred in a network, is sent or received(for simple understanding, an e–mail note or a Web
page), the message is divided into little pieces called packets. Each of these packets includes both the
sender 's internet address and also the receiver 's internet address. A packet is firstly sent to a gateway
computer which is the first station of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address
and forwards the packet to an higher gateway which reads the destination address and transfer it over the
internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its area or domain.
The packet then is sent by gateway directly to the computer which address is specified.
3.2.1 Subnet
A subnet represents all the devices found at one location. It can be a building or the same local area
network (LAN). If a company 's network are divided into subnets that allows everyone to connect to the
Internet with a single shared network address. If there is no

Virtualization And Virtualization For Virtual Machine
Topic: – 1 Virtualization Virtualization could be a sort of code that is that the illusion of a regular
machine. That is termed as Virtual machine (VM). During this virtual machine we will install totally
different operative systems like UNIX, windows, Ubuntu. This machine have well–supported while not
hardware during this machine. Virtualization is worked by virtual machine (VM). Virtual machine works
severally. It even have nice profit that it may be rapt from one physical server to a different physical
server whereas operative through the method "live migration". It additionally runs several times in one
server. The host software package runs the virtualization code through Oracle's virtual box on windows.
initial and first put in software package is Host software package. The host software package is counting
on a virtualization's platforms, like Hyper–v or ESX, VMware server or Virtual severe. In VMware or
virtual server the host software package is "whatever software package those applications square measure
put in into. The guest software package could be a virtual machine system that is functioning underneath
the host software package. The guest software package in its own platform. Number system Number
system is calculated by tens. For instance –103 is one thousand, 106 is a million. Computers square
measure count by 2 main switches as a result of it have several swithes and conduct lines. Thus on or off
square measure 2 main switches or keys. Number System

Nt1310 Unit 3.1 Rfid Research Papers
In its basic form, a typical RFID system has two major components, a reader and tags, as shown in Figure
3.1. These tags are made from a tiny chip, also called an integrated circuit (IC), that is connected to an
antenna that can be built into many different kinds of tags including apparel hang tags, labels, and security
tags, as well as a wide variety of industrial asset tags. The tag chip contains the product's electronic
product code (EPC) and other variable information so that it can be read and tracked by RFID readers
anywhere(Impinj 2015).
An RFID reader is a network connected device (fixed or mobile) with an antenna that sends power as well
as commands to the tags. The RFID reader acts like an access point for RFID tagged items so that the
tags' data can be made available to business applications.
3.1.1RFID tags
An RFID tag, as shown in Figure 3.2, consists of an integrated circuit attached to an antenna that has been
printed, etched, stamped or vapor–deposited onto a mount which is often a paper substrate or
PolyEthylene Therephtalate (PET). The chip and antenna combo, called an inlay, is then sandwiched
between a printed label and its adhesive backing or inserted into a more durable structure.
Tag chip: The tag's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first eight bits are a header which identifies the version of the protocol. The next 28 bits identify the
organization that manages the data for this tag; the organization number is assigned by the EPCglobal
consortium. The next 24 bits are an object class, identifying the kind of product; the last 36 bits are a
unique serial number for a particular tag. These last two fields are set by the organization that issued the
tag. The total electronic product code number can be used as a key into a global database to uniquely
identify that particular product(Brock

What Is An Algorithm That Exploit The Sensor Network...
Sensor Network Lifetime Authors in [58], introduced an algorithm that exploit the sensor redundancy in
the same zone by dividing the network into clusters thus the maintaining of the backbone connectivity can
be done by retaining an important set of working nodes and close the redundant ones. Regarding the
communication RTCP denotes equivalent nodes based on the connectivity information of one–hop
neighbors which causes in reducing the communication overhead and then the scheduling of the nodes is
done based on that equivalence. RTCP allows only to the elected node to be active in each cluster. The
simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms some other existing algorithms in terms
of power consumptions and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the Bloom filter becomes the name of the node. DINAS addresses the problem of binding between
a name and its IPv6 address, so that the nodes can analyze a name to obtain the address. The results show
that DINAS outperforms the centralized solution. Towards efficient distributed service discovery in low–
power and lossy networks EADP [61], proposed a service discovery mechanism suitable with 6LoWPAN
networks. EADP realize fast discovery times, low energy consumption and low produced overhead with
timely interaction to network dynamics. To assure these qualities, EADP adopts a fully–distributed
approach based on an adaptive push–pull model. EADP was implemented, evaluated and the simulation
results clarify that EADP's capability to ensure all objectives, in terms of high speed of discovery, low
energy consumption and overhead. RTCP Redundancy aware Topology Control Protocol for Wireless
Sensor Network Author in [62], proposed Redundancy aware Topology Control Protocol (RTCP), the
authors exploits the existence of redundant sensor in one area by organized them into groups, so the
connected backbone maintained by keeping some active nodes and turning off the redundant nodes.
Moreover, RTCP aggregate redundant nodes together depend on the node redundancy degree with
considering the Threshold of Connectivity level T¬cl. However, the value of Tcl,

Ccna3 Exploration: Lan Switching and Wireless
CCNA3 Exploration: LAN Switching and Wireless Guided Case Study Student: Date: Marks: Overview
and Objectives To enhance the Learner's knowledge of switching and wireless networks. The following
case study is used to illustrate the process required for designing a redundant switched network. This case
study presents a scenario in which XYZ Insurance Company has hired a Network Consultant Group to
design their network. In order to help you organize this project, the scenario has been divided into phases
listing the requirements for each task. Configure security via VLANs and propagate with VTP. Design a
redundant switched network. Configure switch port VLAN information and port ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
0.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. For each device, a set of tables is required. These will assist with design
and development activities and used when configuring switches and routers. A separate table should be
created for each router and switch. Below is a sample layout for routers. Router Name: |Network Name
|Description and |Interface/Sub Interface|VLAN |Encapsulation |Network Number |Interface IP |Subnet
Mask | | |Purpose

Fvbff
CCNA4 Exploration: Accessing the WAN Guided Case Study Student: Date: Marks: Overview and
Objectives This final case study allows students to build and configure a complex network using skills
gained throughout the course. This case study is not a trivial task. To complete it as outlined with all
required documentation will be a significant accomplishment. The case study scenario describes the
project in general terms, and will explain why the network is being built. Following the scenario, the
project is broken into a number of phases, each of which has a detailed list of requirements. It is important
to read and understand each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expect 100% growth of current IP requirements when determining size of subnets. All networking
devices must have IP addresses. Use the private class B _______ network for internal addressing
throughout the company's WAN and LAN networks. Use VLSM for IP addressing. Use subnet
200.1.1.0/24 for connection to the Internet via the HQ router in Exeter. There is a DNS server at address
198.198.1.2/24 connected to the HQ router. Security between the various networks is required to be
controlled via firewalls (access control lists). One public address, 199.199.199.1, has been provided
external access to the Internet for the company. Phase 1: Network Design (20 marks) 1. Produce a logical
diagram with IPv4 addressing for the based on the scenario given for the WANs and LANs for South West
Electrical that includes: ▪ Use ______ for internal addressing with IP subnet zero enabled. ▪ Apply /30
subnets on all serial interfaces, using the last available subnets. ▪ Define router and switch names Design a
redundant switched network with spanning–tree to elect the root bridge. ▪ Define VLANs, names and
their network addresses. Design for the propagation of VLANs with VTP. ▪ All network addresses. ▪
Number of hosts per network. ▪ Link Speeds. Design to secure the ports on the switches using port

A New Version Of Mtm6d
tion. Therefore, Man–In–The–Middle (MITM) attacks that need to target speci c IP address(es) and
other types of attacks against node 's privacy can occur.
In this paper a new version of MTM6D (MTM6D II) is presented to resolve the above shortcomings.
Further– more, a suggestion is proposed to prevent black hole at– tacks, as a part of DoS attacks (in which
a compromised router on the path between two hosts discards packets instead of forwarding them) and
bandwidth depletion
DDoS attacks (that only need the subnet ID instead of the exact IPv6 address of a target). A method is also
presented to recover the communication after rebooting a host.
The proposed method (MTM6D II) is designed to meet the below requirements:
{ Static IP address is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the re– sult, the proposed method does not depend on a speci c algorithm or key size for encryption,
authentication, and key distribution. This portability feature helps us to implement this method for
di erent applications like small low–power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For example, the choice of
cryptographic algorithms is left to negotiation steps of IKEv2 to select an algorithm that both parties
support.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows.
Over the next two sections, an overview of the related work and some details of Mobile IPv6 are
provided.
Then the proposed solution and results of testing with a prototype implementation are presented. Finally,
some conclusions are o ered and the future work is discussed.
2 Related Work
This section includes a brief review of previous MTD– based methods that protect servers against remote
at– tacks. Also, some of the limitations of these methods are discussed.
Some cloud–based defense methods were presented in [8], [9], and [10] for Internet services against
DDoS attacks. These solutions were based on performing se– lective server replication and intelligent
client reassign– ment, where the victimized servers were turned into moving targets in order to isolate
attack. The attacked server instances are replaced with new replicas at di er– ent network locations and
subsequently the clients are migrated to the new server instances. The new locations are only known to
clients that have been

Installing Windows Server 2012 Machine
GOAL
The main purpose of this lab is to install and configure services such as Active Directory, DNS and DHCP
on the Windows Server 2012 machine. Also the DNS and DHCP services were monitored with the help of
a monitoring system like OpsviewAtom and Windows Performance Monitor. The role of DHCP is to
make sure that clients (Windows 7) can obtain an IP address whereas that of DNS is to make sure that
they can access websites within the domain.
The steps regarding AD, DNS and DHCP were a refresher as it was covered in a previous class. The
installation and configuration of Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer and Performance monitor was new
which needed some research and understanding.
PROCEDURAL AND INFORMATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
The first activity of the lab is to install Windows Server 2012 Datacenter. The steps involve using
VMWare's Vsphere and the .iso image of windows server that is already been installed. The steps for
setting up the OS on the VM are pretty straightforward. After the CD/DVD has been inserted the
installation process is followed and then Server can now be used.
The second activity involved the installation of DHCP on the Windows Server machine. This is done by
Add the DHCP Server feature Option from within the Server Manager, Add Roles and Features. After the
installation is completed, the scope of the subnet is to be defined. Within the scope, the allocated range of
IP addresses is entered along with certain reservations (Windows 7 client) exceptions.

Structure Of Class AAddress Essay
Class A Class A addresses are assigned to networks with a very large number of hosts. The high–order bit
in a class A address is always set to zero. The next seven bits (completing the first octet) complete the
network ID. The remaining 24 bits (the last three octets) represent the host ID. This allows for 126
networks and 16,777,214 hosts per network. Figure 7.1 illustrates the structure of class A addresses. The
range of IP addresses is 0 to 127. FIGURE 7.1: Class A IP Addresses Class B Class B addresses are
assigned to medium–sized to large–sized networks. The two high–order bits in a class B address are
always set to binary 1 0. The next 14 bits (completing the first two octets) complete the network ID. The
remaining 16 bits (last two octets) represent the host ID. This allows for 16,384 networks and 65,534
hosts per network. Figure 7.2 illustrates the structure of class B addresses. The range of IP addresses is
128 to 191 FIGURE 7.2: Class B IP Addresses Class C Class C addresses are used for small networks.
The three high–order bits in a class C address are always set to binary 1 1 0. The next 21 bits (completing
the first three octets) complete the network ID. The remaining 8 bits (last octet) represent the host ID.
This allows for 2,097,152 networks and 254 hosts per network. Figure 7.3 illustrates the structure of class
C addresses. The range of IP addresses is 192 to 223. FIGURE 7.3: Class C IP Addresses Class D Class D
addresses are reserved for IP

How To Conduct The Pre-Start Protocols In The Networking?
"I agree. I want to conduct the pre–start protocols on the AGU from the unit itself, everything else I will
carry out from my console in here," she said, pointing towards the corner desk close to the server
cabinets. "OK. I'll check in. See how far along we are." He turned at once, slipped into his chair and
reached above his head to gather the headset from its rack. It fit snugly over his ears, and he arranged the
mic boom so he could talk. "Mission Control. This is Obsidia, come in please." "Hello, Tom, Frank
Howard here. We read you loud and clear." "OK, Frankie. We're getting set, what's our time frame like?"
A protracted silence ensued that seemed to stretch forever, but at last, the reply came through his
headphones. "We are ready ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He and Wallace were in the throes of a spirited debate over the results showing on one of the many
viewscreens. "The same," Rodge said, then carried on with his argument. After navigating his way to the
open doorway, and taking a final lingering look outside, Tom pulled the lever that started the door closure,
the steps folded upwards into the hold and with a shrill hiss their exit sealed shut. He hurried along, and at
the rear of the compartment, he found Lisa inspecting a large container. The internally hinged airtight
design was something he remembered from his past. It was obviously military issue. Accessing it required
the use of a hand–print scanner hidden behind a panel on the front. "Lisa, that belongs to Phelps." "Do
you know what's inside it?" "No idea. Steve approved it, and that's enough," he lied and felt a sudden
prick of guilt. "OK. Although we should open it and check the contents to be sure." "It's fine. Don't worry
yourself over it. Phelps knows the rules. He wouldn't break them." With the realisation it was pointless to
pursue the matter, she shook her head and turned away in disgust, it was yet another potential obstacle
blocking her passage to freedom. Eager to move on, Tom headed back to the bridge, and as he clambered
up the steps, he glanced over his shoulder at the others. "Whenever you're ready. Come on up and let's get
started." The remaining pre–flight checks passed without issue, he never doubted their satisfactory
outcome,

Business Level 3 Unit 21 D1
Let V be the sample space Number of Cards in Pack = 52 Number of Kings / Queens in Pack = 4 Then,
n(V) = 〖52C〗_2 = ((52 ×51)/(2 ×1)) = 2652/2 = 1326 Let S = event of getting 2 kings out of 4. There
are 4 kings in the pack of cards and we assume the event S as the event of getting 2 cards of kings out of
4.Therefore, n(S) = 〖4C〗_2 = ((4 ×3)/(2 ×1)) = 12/2 = 6 Therefore, P(S) = (n(S))/(n(V)) = 6/1326 =
1/221 = 0.004525 Therefore, Probability of Drawing Both Kings is 0.004525. Similarly, Let A be the
event of getting both cards as queen. There are 4 queens in the pack of cards and we assume the event A
as the

Mis 589 Homework Questions Week 4 Essay
HOMEWORK QUESTIONS WEEK 4
3.) What are the parts of TCP/IP and what do they do? Who is the primary user of TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is the transport/network layer protocol we use on the internet. Many BN'S, MAN's and WAN's
rely on it. This is because it is relatively efficient, and transmission has few errors. Any errors that are
found, are checked and so large files can be sent even in the most unsafe network and the data will still be
unchanged. TCP/IP is very compatible with a number of data link protocols as well.
The two parts of the TCP/IP are the: Transport Layer Protocol and the Network Layer Protocol aka TCP
and IP. TCP is what links the application layer to the network layer. It also helps by segmenting the data,
by breaking them down ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* The network layer address is used primarily by network layer software. A web address is translated into
an IP address via a network layer protocol (in this case, IP used on the internet.) The IP address translated
can be 4 bytes long with IPv4 (e.g., 129.79.127.4), which is today's standard. The process can be
compared to looking up a name in a find book to find their phone number. * When it comes to routing, the
network layer; is what finds the data link layer address of the next corresponding computer that the
message has to be sent to. The easiest way to interpret this, is to look at it with Ethernet software. For
example, if the data link layer is run using Ethernet, the network layer IP address would have to be
translated into an Ethernet address so they can match and understand each other. Ethernet addresses are
six bytes in length. The following table below, shows a better picture of the differences in software and
addresses amongst the three. (Fitzgerald, 158)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
FIGURE 5.6: Types of addresses Address | Example Software | Example Address | Application layer |
Web browser | www.kelley.indiana.edu | Network layer | Internet Protocol | 129.79.127.4 | Data link layer |
Ethernet | 00–0C–00–F5–03–5A |
8.) What is a subnet mask?
Subnet masks help the TCP/IP network determine what computers are on the same

Ait235 Quizes Essay
WEEK 1 QUIZ The _________ is a term for the device or unit that originates the information transfer.
Answer * receiver * transmitter * repeater * amplifier 5 points Question 2 A half–duplex circuit carries
information ______________ . Answer * both ways but only one way at a time * only one way * both
ways simultaneously * none of the above 5 points Question 3 The _________ is a term for the device or
unit that receives the information transfer. Answer * receiver * transmitter * repeater * amplifier 5 points
Question 4 A _________ area network usually has an extremely limited distance of a few feet or meters.
Answer * local * metropolitan * ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer * does not use physical conductors * uses electromagnetic energy in the form of radio or light *
are referred to as airwave or space wave systems * all of the above 5 points Question 3 Wired media is a
term for media which is ____________. Answer * conducted * bounded * guided * all of the above 5
points Question 4 Wired media generally ____________. Answer * use metallic or glass conductors * has
some form of twisting, shielding, cladding or insulating * carries some form of electrical or optical energy
* all of the above 5 points Question 5 A signal's frequency is usually expressed in ______________ .
Answer * meters * Hertz * feet * none of the above 5 points Question 6 A signal's wavelength is usually
expressed in ______________. Answer * meters * Hertz * feet * none of the above 5 points Question 7
The wavelength symbol (λ) is the lower case Greek letter ________. Answer * alpha * delta * lambda *
gamma 5 points Question 8 Signal frequency (f) and signal wavelength (λ) are related by ___________.
Answer * f times c = λ (where c is the speed of light: 3 x 108 meters / second) * f = c / λ (where c is the
speed of light: 3 x 108 meters / second) * f = λ / c (where c is the speed of

Essay on Frederick MD UMUC Network Proposal
UMUC Frederick MD Network Proposal
The network IP addressing scheme for the Frederick MD building should be designed to ease network
management. A well thought out network subnet design enables administrators to quickly locate
computers by IP address by building floor and room, and whether the computer is a server, a student
computer, staff computer or instructor's computer. A proper subnet design will also minimize broadcast
traffic that decreases network performance, by reducing the total number of computers allowed in each
broadcast domain. A proper subnet design will also provide for efficient use of IP addresses by including
only the number of IP addresses in each subnet necessary to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Admissions Office and Classroom directly above the Admissions office is over 300 feet (the Ethernet
limit) from the server room and a diagonal pull through the ceiling (258 feet plus a 30 foot drop best case)
could be complicated by power line interference and possible obstructions), so these two rooms will
require fiber optic cabling rather than CAT 6 UTP.
Wireless media access will be protected using WPA2 security with AES 256 encryption and a pre–shared
key to prevent eaves dropping.
The network will use the Hewlett Packard Procurve switches because of their high performance, low cost
relative to other brands (such as Cisco) and their lifetime warranty. The Hewlett Packard E5406zl
switches are can support up to 144 gigabit network connections (10/100/1000baseT Ethernet) and one
will be installed on each floor in their repective Server Rooms. The switches will be configured with a
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Networks) for each subnet. The network access will be secured using Active
Directory single

Lab 2 Answers Nessus Essay
Laboratory #2
Lab #2: Perform a Vulnerability Assessment Scan Using Nessus®
(Nessus® is a Registered Trademark of Tenable Network Security, Inc.)
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
Upon completing this lab, students will be able to complete the following tasks: * Identify risks, threats,
and vulnerabilities in an IP network infrastructure using ZenMap GUI (Nmap) to perform an IP host, port,
and services scan * Perform a vulnerability assessment scan on a targeted IP subnetwork using Nessus® *
Compare the results of the ZenMap GUI "Intense Scan" with a Nessus® vulnerability assessment scan *
Assess the findings of the vulnerability assessment scan and identify critical vulnerabilities * Make
recommendations for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer: Risks = Vulnerabilities x Threats 3. Which application is used for Step #2 in the hacking process
to perform a vulnerability assessment scan? 4. Before you conduct an ethical hacking process or
penetration test on a live production network, what must you do prior to performing the reconnaissance
and probing and scanning procedures?
Answer:
* Perform an IP host discovery and port/services scan on the targeted IP subnet. * Perform a vulnerability
assessment scan on the targeted IP subnet to discover what the weakest link in the system. 5. What is a
CVE listing? Who hosts and who sponsors the CVE database listing website?
Answer: CVE is Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. 6. Can ZenMap GUI detect what operating
systems are present on IP servers and workstations? What would that option look like in the command
line if running a scan on 172.30.0.10? 7. If you have scanned a live host and detected that it is running
Windows XP workstation OS, how would you use this information for performing a Nessus®
vulnerability assessment scan? 8. Once a vulnerability is identified by Nessus®, where can you check for
more information regarding the identified vulnerability, exploits, and the risk mitigation solution?
Answer: After vulnerability is identified by Nessus, you can click on the Reports tab to see details of the
vulnerability include overview,

What Is Centralized SSL Scalability And Manageability
Centralized SSL Certificate Support: SSL Scalability and Manageability More businesses are going online
to store and share information aswell as host sensitive documents. Hosting and scale secure websites are
becoming more important. Prior to Windows 2012 there are a couple of changes when it comes to hosting
secure sites: SSL Scalability: in a multi–tenanted environment there are limitations on how many sites can
be hosted on Windows Server resulting in a low site–density SSL Manageability: Certificated are stored
locally on each Widows Server. This means they need to be managed individually on each Windows
Server. Renewing certificates must be done on each Server individually On Windows Server 2012, the
Centralized SSL Certificate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Developers and administrators usually need to run both ASP.net 3.5 and ASP.net 4.5 web applications and
also need the ability to manage both of them properly. IIS 8.0 supports managing both ASP.NET 3.5 and
APS.NET 4.5 applications both the graphical IIS Manager tool as well as IIS' command–line tools. Both
graphical and command line IIS management tools separate in a version specific manner when reading or
writing configuration information for ASP.NET applications. (Microsoft, 2012) FTP Logon Attempt
Restrictions A possible vulnerability for a server is a brute–force attack through the FTP service. Accounts
used for FTP are physical user accounts on the host operating system, theoretically it is possible to guess
the administrator username one you have determined the FTP server type. Once a user account has been
discovered, a malicious client can connect to a server and attempt a brute–force attack on the account. IIS
7.5 the FTP service introduced extensibility APIs that granted developers to create custom authentication
providers, which allows non–Windows accounts access to FTP. This reduces the surface attack area
significantly for the FTP service because these FTP accounts are not valid Windows accounts, and so have
no access to resources outside the FTP service. IIS 8.0 on Windows Server 2012, Microsoft has added a
built–in

Case 10.1.3 Essay
2.10.1.5.2 RIP Timers RIP has four basic timers
1) Update Timer – indicates how regularly the router will send out a routing table update.
2) Invalid Timer – indicates how long a route will remain in a routing table before being marked as
invalid, if no new updates are heard about this route. The invalid timer will be reset if an update is
received for that fussy route before the timer expires. A route marked as invalid is not immediately
removed from the routing table. Instead, the route is marked with a metric of 16, indicating it is
unreachable, and placed in a hold–down state.
3) Hold–down Timer – indicates how long RIP will "suppress" a route that it has placed in a hold–down
state. RIP will not accept any new updates for routes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The request asks that a router send all or part of its routing table. The response can be a spontaneous
regular routing update or a reply to a request. Responses contain routing table entries.
Version number– Specified the RIP version used.
Zero– This field is not actually used by RFC 1058 RIP it was added solely to provide backward
compatibility with varieties of RIP. Its name comes from its defaulted value, zero.
Address–family identifier (AFI) – Specifies the address family used. RIP is created to carry routing
information for a number of different protocols. Each entry has an address family identifier to indicate the
type of address being specified. The AFI for IP is 2.
Address–Specifies the IP address for the entry.
Metric– This Indicates how many internetwork hops or routers have been negotiated in the excursion to
the destination. This value is between 1 and 15 for a valid route, or 16 for an unreachable route. 2.10.1.5.6
RIP packet format
Table 2.2 RIP packet format
2.10.1.6 Wireless routing protocol The Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP) is a table–based distance–vector
routing protocol. Each node in the network maintains a Distance table (DT), a Link–Cost table, a Routing
table and a Message Retransmission list. The DT contains the network observation of the neighbours of a
node. It contains a matrix where each element contains the distance and the one

Mini-Case 1 Essay example
Chapter 4:
Mini Case 1: Smith, Smith, Smith, and Smith is a regional accounting firm that is putting up a new
headquarters building. The building will have a backbone network that connects eight LANs (two on each
floor). The company is very concerned with network errors. What advice would you give regarding the
design of the building and network cable planning that would help reduce network errors? I have to make
some assumptions regarding the network design for this new building. Since they are a regional
accounting firm, constructing a brand new building, and mainly concerned with network errors and data
reliability, I have to assume that cost is a lower priority. Cost is always a concern, but having accurate
information is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can very quickly tell whether you have built a poor connector on either end, or if you do not have a
solid connection to the switching hardware device. On the cost side, I would contend that the support for
future growth in bandwidth and error minimization should easily offset the cost difference.
On the distribution layer, I would suggest using V–LAN devices that are interconnected. By using V–
LAN devices you can easily provision separate LANs on each floor while still supporting any network
changes in the future. V–LAN devices can provide both switching and routing capabilities because they
act as both layer–2 and layer–3 devices. This is a huge advantage in the fact that you can provision
separate subnets for each LAN while still allowing certain IPs the ability to communicate to either subnet.
This is setup in the router side of the V–LAN software. The V–LAN also easily supports the adding of
more user machines (with enough fiber runs established) electronically. Opponents will say that V–LANs
required the added expenses of more knowledge and management than the more standard design of
separate physical switches and routers. I agree, but we have to keep in mind that this is a new construction
process. We want to ensure that we have appropriate hardware to support future growth potential whether
it is in

Subnetting Questions
Subnetting Questions ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco
Public 1 Identify the Number of Subnets and Hosts 1. You have been assigned the IP network address of
135.65.0.0 and have selected 255.255.240.0 as the subnet mask. How many valid subnet addresses are
available? 2. You have a network address of 132.66.0.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0. Find the
number of the valid subnets and how many possible host addresses are on each subnet excluding
addresses of all 1s and all 0s. 3. You have a network address of 165.35.0.0 and have selected
255.255.192.0 as the subnet mask value. How many possible subnets are there? ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 ©
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which four of the following are valid subnet addresses? A.132.66.224.0 B.132.66.255.0 C.132.98.0.0
D.132.66.0.0 E.132.66.192.0 F.132.66.96.0 G.132.130.0.0 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems,
Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a network address of
133.233.11.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0. Which three of the following are valid subnet
addresses? A.133.233.27.0 B.133.233.11.248 C.133.233.11.232 D.133.233.11.176 E.133.233.43.0
F.133.233.11.240 G.133.233.11.48 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights
reserved. Cisco Public 10 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a network address of 201.79.187.0 and a
subnet mask of 255.255.255.192. Which three of the following are valid subnet addresses? A.
201.79.187.48 B. 201.79.187.224 C. 201.79.187.64 D. 201.79.187.32 E. 201.79.187.1 F. 201.79.187.192
G. 201.79.187.128 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
11 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a network address of 129.111.0.0 and a subnet mask of
255.255.224.0. Which two of the following are valid subnet addresses? A. 129.111.160.0 B. 129.175.0.0
C. 129.111.0.96 D. 129.111.0.32 E. 129.111.96.0 F. 129.143.0.0 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a

Questions On Computer System
STEPS:
Step 1: Start browser and Wireshark on correct interface
Step 2: Only capture http by using the filter
Step 3: Enter the following URL http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark–labs/HTTP–wireshark–file1.html
Step 4: Stop the capture Questions:
1. Is your browser running HTTP version 1.0 or 1.1? What version of HTTP is the server running?
My browser is running http version 1.0
The server is also running http version 1.0
2. What languages (if any) does your browser indicate that it can accept to the server?
English–US and English languages.
3. What is the IP address of your computer? Of the gaia.cs.umass.edu server?
The IP address of my computer is 10.36.40.181
The IP address of the server is 128.119.245,12
4. What is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Did the server explicitly return the contents of the file? Explain.
The HTTP status code is "304: Not Modified"
This is because the browser simply sent the contents of the file. If there could be modification of the file,
the file could have not been retrieved instead the original file could be retrieved from the cache.
Part 3.
12. How many HTTP GET request messages did your browser send? Which packet number in the trace
contains the GET message for the Bill or Rights?
The Browser sent 1 HTTP GET request to the server. The packet was found to be packet number 233 as
shown in the diagram.
13. Which packet number in the trace contains the status code and phrase associated with the response to
the HTTP GET request?
The Packet is number 241 as shown below
14. What is the status code and phrase in the response?

The code and phrase in the response was 200 OK, see the image from question 13.
15. How many data–containing TCP segments were needed to carry the single HTTP response and the
text of the Bill of Rights?
The data was sent in 5 TCP segments to the browser, then reassembled.
Part 4
16. How many HTTP GET request messages did your browser send? To which Internet addresses were
these GET requests sent?
My browser sent 3 http GET message requests. One each to each for each of the following: The initial
page, the Pearson logo, and the cover of the Pearson book, 5th Edition.
Pearson book, 5th Edition:

Sec 572 Week 4 Ilab
SEC572 Database Traffic Load iLab
Task 1 – Verify Initial Connectivity between Router and Hosts
* Run a Flow Analysis to update the topology. Open the Visual CLI on the ISP router and ping all of the
Servers and Host PCs including the Attack PC Use the IP addresses indicated on the network topology
page. Select the commands you entered in the Virtual CLI using the mouse and click on the Copy button.
Use <Ctrl>V to paste the commands and output results into your Lab Document.
ISP_Router>enable ISP_Router#show ip interface brief Interface IP Address OK? Method Status
FastEthernet0/0 200.100.0.1 YES NVRAM up FastEthernet1/0 200.100.40.1 YES NVRAM up Serial0/0
200.100.10.1 YES NVRAM up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Why is the packets/sec value 100 packets/sec? Explain.
Because utilization increased as the link speed increased
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Task 4: Bring the Serial Utilization % to less than 50%
* Test the Data Rate values by doing a Flow Analysis. Look at the WAN Link Maximum Utilization. If
the value is more than 50%. Increment the link Data Rates another 64,000 bps and do another Flow
Analysis. When you have reached a Data Rate that shows a Flow Analysis Maximum Utilization % less
than 50%, then leave the Data Rate at that value. [NOTE: It is faster to start at 320,000 bps and increase
by 64,000 bps until you achieve the Flow Analysis Maximum Utilization % less than 50%]
Capture the Flow Analysis window (<Alt><PrtSc>) that shows the desired Utilization % and
paste into your lab document.
* Run a Discrete Event Simulation. Right–click on the ISP–>Dallas serial link and select View
Results. Select utilization ––> (Report Utilization). This should show a utilization value less than 50
%. Click the Show button. This will display just the graph. Capture the DES Graphs window
(<Alt><PrtSc>)

Unit 2.3.2 Vlsm Research Paper
2.3.2 VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask)
A Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) is a means of allocating IP addressing resources to subnets
according to their individual need rather than some general network–wide rule.
VLSM allows an organization to use more than one subnet mask within the same network address space.
It is often referred to as 'subnetting a subnet', and can be used to maximize addressing efficiency.
We have created various sub–networks from the mother network 192.168.1.0/24
2.3.3 Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
Network administrators use two methods to assign IP addresses.
Static: Administratively assigned
Dynamic: Automatically assigned
Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) is the heir to BOOTP.
Unlike ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It works on Layer 2 of the OSI model. VLAN trunks formed using DTP may utilize either IEEE 802.1Q
or Cisco ISL trunking protocols
DTP Mode Description
Dynamic : desirable A switch port configured as DTP dynamic desirable mode will actively try to convert
the link to a trunk link using Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP). If the port connected to other port is
capable to form a trunk, a trunk link will be formed.
The interface which is configured as DTP dynamic desirable mode will generate DTP messages on the
interface. If the switch receive DTP messages from the other side switch, it will assume that other side
port is capable for handling tagged frames and a trunk link ill be formed between two switches.
Dynamic : auto A switch port configured as DTP dynamic auto is capable to form trunk link if the other
side switch interface is configured to form a trunk interface and can negotiate with trunk using

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