The document summarizes research on the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration on the structural, optical, and thermal properties of tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles synthesized using the sol-gel method. SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized with PEG concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 6 grams. X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis showed that increasing the PEG concentration decreased the crystallite size of the SnO2 nanoparticles from 4.8 to 3.8 nanometers. UV-visible spectroscopy indicated that higher PEG concentrations increased the band gap of the SnO2 nanoparticles. The study concluded that PEG concentration can be used to effectively control the size, structure, and optical properties of SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized using the

1. INFLUENCE OF POLY-ETHYLENE
GLYCOL ON STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL
AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SnO2
SUMITKUMAR
14-PGD-0541
ADVANCEDP.G. DIPLOMAIN NANOTECHNOLOGY
Underthe guidance of
Dr. PUSHPENDRATRIPATHI
DEPARTMENTOF APPLIEDPHYSICS
ALIGARHMUSLIMUNIVERSITY

2. INDEX
Introduction
Synthesis and characterization
Results and Conclusions

3. INTRODUCTION

4. TIN DIOXIDE
 IUPAC name – Tin(IV) Oxide
 Inorganic compound with the formula SnO2
 One of the main Ore of Tin
 Mineral form of SnO2 is Casssiterite
 Most important raw material in Tin chemistry
 It is colourless, odorless and diamagnetic solid which is
amphoteric in nature
 Wide band gap 3.65eV at 300k

5. PROPERTIES
 White powder with spherical morphology
 Density – 6.95gm/cubic cm
 Molar mass – 150.71gm/mol
 Chemical symbol SnO2
 Group
Tin(78.76%) 14
Oxygen(21.21%) 16
 Melting point 1630˚C
Boiling point 1800-1900˚C

6. STRUCTURE
 Meter scale

7. APPLICATIONS
 Ceramic gazes
 Anti reflection coatings
 In making Gas sensors, optoelectronic devices
 Liquid crystal display
 As catalysts, energy-saving and anti-static coatings

8. SYNTHESIS & CHARACTERISATION

9. Synthesis of SnO2 by sol gel method
using Polyethylene Glycol

10.  Solution(I) of 0.5M Stannous Chloride and 0.5M Citric acid
was prepared in 50ml distilled water.
 Side by side solution(II) of PEG was prepared in 50ml
distilled water.
 Drop wise addition of solution(I) in solution(II).
 pH of final solution was maintained in between 12-14 by
adding liquid ammonia.
 Milky gel obtained was centrifuged and dried for 24hours
at 100˚C.
 Dried material was crushed and calcined for 4hours at
400˚C.
 Similarly samples were prepared by varying the
concentration of PEG.

11. CHARACTERISATION
Structural Characterization
XRD (X-ray Diffraction)
SEM (Scanning electron microscope)
Optical Characterization
UV-Visible Spectroscopy
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
Thermal Analysis
TGA

12. RESULTs & conclusions

13. X-Ray Diffraction
 Particle size is decreasing with increase in concentration of
PEG

14. Size variation of SnO2 with different concentration of PEG
The crystalline size of SnO2 with different concentration of
PEG was determined by using Debye Scherer formula varies
from 4.8 to 3.8.
PEG concentration(gm) Crystallite size(nm)
0.5 4.8
2.0 4.7
5.0 4.1
6.0 3.8

15. SEM & EDS
 These figures shows the variation in sizes and improvement in
structure of SnO2 nanoparticles with change in concentration of
PEG. Spherical morphology with a highly porous, foam-like
structure was observed.
Sample containing 0.5gm PEG (size- 4.8nm)

16. Sample containing 5gm PEG (size- 4.1nm)

17. Sample containing 6gm PEG (size- 3.8nm)
 Particle size is drastically decreases from 4.8 to 3.8 nm.

18.  The presence of tin and oxygen nanoparticles are confirmed by
EDX spectrum.

19. FTIR ANALYSIS
 Bands at 3718 and 1629 cm−1 were due to the stretching
vibration of water molecules.
 Bands at 667 and 959 cm−1 refer to Sn–O stretching.
 Band around 1353 cm−1 was assigned to NH deformation of
ammonia.

20. U-V ANALYSIS
 The light absorption edges of 0.5, 2.0, 5.0 and 6.0gm of PEG
are found to be at 317 nm, 326 nm, 335 nm and 344 nm.

21. PEG(gm) Band gap(eV)
0.5 3.9
2.0 3.8
5.0 3.6
6.0 3.64

22. CONCLUSIONS
 The nanoparticle powder of Sn was synthesized at 400˚C with
the different concentration of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) by
the Sol-Gel method.
 The structural, morphological and optical properties of Sn
nanopowder have been investigated.
 The XRD pattern shows the size of nanoparticles varies from
4.8nm to 3.8nm as the concentration of PEG varies from 0.5gm
to 6gm.which was further confirmed during SEM analysis.
 During SEM analysis highly porous, foam like structure has
been observed.
 FTIR tells us about those bands where the decomposition of
bonds takes place as the bands at 3718 and 1629 cm−1 were due
to the stretching vibration of water molecules at 667 and 959
cm−1 refer to Sn–O stretching band around 1353 cm−1 was
assigned to NH deformation of ammonia.

23. Thank you